Marine Biology 10th Edition by Castr -Test Bank

 

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Sample Test

Chapter 03

Chemical and Physical Features of Seawater and the World Ocean

 

 

Multiple Choice Questions

1.   Hydrogen bonds in water molecules are formed between:
A.Ions in solution between the molecules.
B. Nuclei of adjacent molecules.
C. Hydrogen and oxygen atoms of adjacent molecules.
D. Two hydrogen atoms of the same molecule.
E. Two oxygen atoms of the same molecule.

 

2.   When water cools, but does not freeze, the molecules move ______________ and take up ______________ space.
A. Faster, less
B.  Slower, more
C.  Faster, more
D.  Slower, less
E.  Up, less

 

3.   Which of the following are not elements?
A. Sodium chloride
B.  Nitrogen
C.  Hydrogen
D.  Oxygen
E.  Magnesium

 

 

4.   Which of the following is the state of water at a temperature of 4°C ?
A. Boiling point of water
B.  Maximum density of water
C.  Freezing point of water
D.  Sublimation point of water
E.  Condensation point of water

 

5.   Hydrogen bonds:
A.Lower the heat capacity of water.
B. Cause ice to melt at a lower temperature.
C. Make ice less dense than water.
D. Lower the boiling point of water.
E. Do not affect the heat capacity of water at all.

 

6.   Which ions comprise about 85% of the solutes in seawater?
A.Magnesium and sulfate
B. Sodium and chloride
C. Calcium and carbonate
D. Potassium and chloride
E. Calcium and sulfate

 

7.   The salinity of water is generally expressed in:
A.Kilograms per liter of water.
B. Total weight per pound.
C. Percentage per liter.
D. Parts per thousand.
E. Percentage per thousand.

 

8.   The rule of constant proportions expresses that:
A.Salinity varies with geographical location.
B. The percentage of sodium varies with depth.
C. The percentage of chlorine varies with geographical location.
D. Salinity varies depending on the season.
E. The relative concentration of ions does not change.

 

 

9.   Salinity of seawater increases:
A.With an increase in rain.
B. Near the mouth of rivers.
C. Around ice as it melts in spring.
D. With a decrease in depth.
E. As evaporation increases.

 

10.                The heat capacity of water is ______________ compared with other naturally occurring substances.
A.High
B. Low
C. Equal
D. Fluctuates by location
E. None of the above

 

11.                Which of the following properties is unique to water due to it’s molecular structure?
A. It forms long-chain polymers
B.  It can dissolve non-polar materials like hydrocarbons
C.  It vaporizes more quickly than any other liquid
D.  It is less dense as a solid than a liquid

 

12.                The secchi disk is used to indirectly estimate:
A.The type of light that is absorbed by water.
B. How much light penetrates through the water column.
C. How salinity varies with depth.
D. The relationship between temperature and salinity.
E. The amount of oxygen in the water.

 

 

13.                Water is unusual because it is less dense as a solid than a liquid. This is important for marine organisms because:
A.A layer of ice insulates organisms beneath it.
B. If ice was more dense, the oceans would freeze from the bottom and remain frozen leaving no available space.
C. Cold water holds less oxygen than warm water.
D. All of the above.
E. A and B only.

 

14.                Pressure increases with depth by adding one atmosphere of pressure for every:
A.10 meters of depth.
B. 50 meters of depth.
C. 100 meters of depth.
D. 500 meters of depth.
E. None of the choices are correct, pressure depends on the temperature of the water.

 

15.                The Coriolis effect is the direct result of one of the following:
A.Temperature.
B. Gravitational pull of the sun.
C. Ocean currents.
D. Rotation of the earth.
E. Wind.

 

16.                The factor that most affects wind patterns in the atmosphere of the earth:
A.Depth of the sea.
B. Clouds.
C. Temperature.
D. Volcanoes.
E. Gravitational pull of sun and moon.

 

 

17.                Trade winds:
A.Are unaffected by the Coriolis effect.
B. Diverge from the Equator at a 90 degrees angle.
C. Develop between 30 degrees north and 30 degrees south.
D. Move north in the Northern Hemisphere.
E. Change direction depending on ocean currents.

 

18.                Gyres are:
A.Large circular systems of surface currents.
B. Affected by the Coriolis effect only in the Northern Hemisphere.
C. Extend only along the Equator.
D. Extend only around Antarctica.
E. Are found only in the Pacific Ocean.

 

19.                The major surface currents of the oceans rotate counterclockwise in the:
A.Northern Hemisphere only.
B. Southern Hemisphere only.
C. In both hemispheres.
D. In the Atlantic Ocean only.
E. In the Pacific Ocean only.

 

20.                In which of these locations does a cold current flow almost into the Equator?
A. Atlantic coast of North America
B.  Atlantic coast of South America
C.  Pacific coast of Australia
D.  Pacific coast of Asia
E.  Pacific coast of South America

 

21.                The Eckman spiral occurs as a result of:
A.Salinity
B. Transparency
C. Pressure
D. Dissolved gases
E. Wind

 

 

22.                The highest part or top of a wave is called the:
A. Trough
B.  Period
C.  Fetch
D.  Wavelength
E.  Crest

 

23.                Wave size is affected by the amount of open water, or the ______________, that winds blow over.:
A. Trough
B.  Period
C.  Fetch
D.  Wavelength
E.  Crest

 

24.                Spring tides are caused by:
A.Gravitational attraction of the moon only.
B. Gravitational attraction of the sun only.
C. Gravitational attraction of the moon and the sun when in line during the full and new moon phases.
D. Gravitational attraction of moon and the sun when at right angles to each other.
E. Ocean currents and gyre circulation.

 

25.                A full tidal cycle lasts:
A.12 hours.
B. 12 hours, 50 minutes.
C. 24 hours.
D. 24 hours, 50 minutes.
E. 48 hours.

 

 

26.                Mixed semidiurnal tides are characterized by:
A.Two daily high tides, one higher than the other
B. One daily high tide
C. Two daily high tides, both of the same approximate height
D. One daily high tide that is always higher than the high tide of the previous day
E. Two daily high and three daily low tides

 

27.                The main thermocline is located at the zone:
A.Right above the mixed layer
B. Between the warm and cold layers
C. Along the bottom
D. Below the intermediate layer
E. Right at the surface in warm tropical water

 

28.                How does the oxygen content of the ocean compare to the air that humans breathe?
A.Higher oxygen content
B. Lower oxygen content
C. No significant difference exists
D. Depends of the salinity of the water
E. Depends on the depth of the water

 

29.                Which of the following is true about tropical organisms like corals?
A. They survive at higher latitudes on the eastern sides of oceans due to upwelling
B.  They survive at higher latitudes of the western sides of oceans due to surface current patterns
C.  They survive at higher Arctic latitudes due to ocean current gyres
D.  There is no difference
E.  Tropical corals can be  found in shallow water in all parts of the Earth’s oceans.

 

 

30.                Forces that cause water movements lead to mixing of the entire ocean once every ______________ years
A. 2000
B.  3000
C.  4000
D.  5000
E.  6000

 

Chapter 05

The Microbial World

 

 

Multiple Choice Questions

1.   One of the following statements about marine viruses is not true:
A. Are involved in the release of DOM (dissolved organic matter) into the water
B.  Bridge the gap between the non-living and the living
C.  Their genetic material is in the form of DNA or RNA
D.  Cause diseases in many types of organisms
E.  Consist of minute cells sometimes attached into chains

 

2.   Bacteriophages are types of:
A. Archea
B.  Bacteria
C.  Protozoa
D.  Algae
E.  Viruses

 

3.   Prokaryotes differ from eukaryotes in regards to:
A.Shape of DNA molecules
B. Size of ribosomes
C. Presence of nucleus
D. All of the above
E. A and B only

 

4.   Which of the following is not true of decay bacteria?
A. Break down waste products and dead organic matter
B.  Carry out photosynthesis
C.  Are heterotrophs
D.  Are particularly abundant in bottom sediments
E.  Ensure the recycling of essential nutrients

 

 

5.   Bacteria that make their own organic compounds by obtaining energy from chemical compounds and not directly from light are known as:
A.Heterotrophic
B. Decay
C. Photosynthetic
D. Protists
E. Chemosynthetic

 

6.   Cyanobacteria are characterized by being:
A.Decomposers
B. Found only in the plankton
C. Having a glass-like skeleton
D. Protists
E. Photosynthetic

 

7.   Which of the following would be classified as autotrophic?
A. Cyanobacteria
B.  Lysogenic viruses
C.  Bacteriophages
D.  All of the above
E.  B and C only

 

8.   Endophytes are primary producers that live:
A.On the surface of planktonic organisms
B. Inside primary producers
C. Inside animals
D. On the surface of animals
E. Within decay organisms

 

 

9.   Archaea are classified as being:
A. Prokaryotic
B.  Autotrophs only
C.  Heterotrophs only
D.  Consisting of nucleic acids and a protein coat
E.  Eukaryotic

 

10.                Archaea are now being detected in many environments by identifying one of the following chemicals characteristic of the group:
A.Pigments
B. Chlorophyll
C. Nucleic acids
D. Proteins
E. Carbohydrates

 

11.                Organisms having a shell made of silica (SiO₂):
A.Foraminiferans
B. Stromatolites
C. Cyanobacteria
D. Diatoms
E. Ciliates

 

12.                Diatoms are mostly:
A.Heterotrophs
B. Planktonic
C. Multicellular
D. Red in color
E. Prokaryotic

 

 

13.                Which of the following are considered to be extremophiles due to the habitats they exist in?
A. Marine lichens
B.  Diatoms
C.  Archaea
D.  Radiolarians

 

14.                Which of the following can be dangerous to human health?
A.Diatoms
B. Dinoflagellates
C. Radiolarians
D. All of the above
E. A and B only

 

15.                Some planktoic cyanobacteria have the ability to “fix” which of the following elements thus having a fertilizing effect on the marine environment similar to the ability of the land plants legumes?
A. Oxygen
B.  Helium
C.  Hydrogen
D.  Nitrogen

 

16.                Red tides are caused mostly by:
A.Diatoms
B. Foraminiferans
C. Dinoflagellates
D. Red seaweeds
E. Radiolarians

 

 

17.                Dinoflagellates that live in association with reef-building corals and other animals are known as:
A.Zooxanthellae
B. Zooplankton
C. Silicoflagellates
D. Bioluminescent dinoflagellates
E. Cryptomonads

 

18.                Generally the dominant group of planktonic primary producers in cold water:
A.Foraminiferans
B. Silicoflagellates
C. Dinoflagellates
D. Photosynthetic bacteria
E. Diatoms

 

19.                Marine fungi:
A.Are mostly photosynthetic
B. Are parts of lichens that live on rocky shores
C. Secrete calcareous skeletons
D. Produce red tides
E. None of the choices are correct: there are no marine fungi

 

20.                Which of the following does not apply to protozoans?
A. Multicellular
B.  Their name derives from “first animals”
C.  Some are heterotrophs
D.  Are included among the Protista
E.  Some are autotrophs

 

 

21.                Radiolarians are characterized by:
A.Being mostly planktonic
B. Having a calcareous skeleton
C. Being autotrophs
D. Having two flagella
E. Causing red tides

 

22.                Which of the following are not protozoans?
A. Radiolarians
B.  Foraminiferans
C.  Dinoflagellates
D.  Ciliates
E.  Unicellular, planktonic organisms whose sediments form huge limestone deposits on land

 

23.                Which of the following are not protists?
A. Dinoflagellates
B.  Cyanobacteria
C.  Diatoms
D.  Foraminiferans
E.  Ciliates

 

24.                What is the purpose of the spines seen on the frustules of diatoms?
A.Floatation
B. Hunting
C. Photosynthesis
D. Reproduction
E. Restore normal size

 

25.                What is the function of an auxospore?
A.Floatation
B. Hunting
C. Photosynthesis
D. Reproduction
E. Restore normal size

 

 

26.                An algal bloom is defined as:
A.Mass reproduction of algal cells
B. Mass death of algal cells
C. Mass feeding on algal cells by zooplankton
D. Mass vertical migrations of algal cells
E. Mass horizontal migrations of algal cells

 

27.                Bioluminescence is observed in:
A.Diatoms
B. Dinoflagellates
C. Radiolarians
D. Foraminiferans
E. Lichens

 

28.                Zooxanthellae, which live symbiotically with many species, are classified as:
A.Diatoms
B. Dinoflagellates
C. Radiolarians
D. Foraminiferans
E. Lichens

 

29.                What feature do all protozoa share?
A. Reproductive strategies
B.  Habitats
C.  Feeding strategy
D.  Structure
E.  Being unicellular

 

 

30.                A survival advantage of __________________ is the ability to withstand exposure to air for long periods of time during tidal cycles.
A. Diatoms
B.  Dinoflagellates
C.  Radiolarians
D.  Foraminiferans
E.  Lichens