Life The Essentials of Human Development Ist Edition By Gabriela Martorell – Test Bank
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Sample Test
Life: Essentials of Human Development, 1e (Martorell)
Chapter 3 Forming a New Life
1) The union of sperm and ovum to produce a zygote is called:
1. A)
fertilization.
2. B)
ovulation.
3. C)
mutation.
4. D)
canalization.
Answer: A
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Page Ref: 41
Topic: Conception
Learning Objective: Explain how conception occurs and what
causes multiple births.
Bloom’s: Remember
APA LO: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and
overarching themes in psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
2) Xiomara is a 21-year-old woman. Since she turned 13, a mature
follicle in either of her ovaries ruptured and released an egg every month. The
biological process illustrated in this scenario is called:
1. A)
gestation.
2. B)
canalization.
3. C)
fertilization.
4. D)
ovulation.
Answer: D
Difficulty: 3 Hard
Page Ref: 41
Topic: Conception
Learning Objective: Explain how conception occurs and what
causes multiple births.
Bloom’s: Apply
APA LO: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
3) Normally, fertilization takes place:
1. A) in
the cervix, the opening of the uterus.
2. B)
while the ovum is passing through the fallopian tube.
3. C) in
the ovaries.
4. D)
when a woman is ovulating.
Answer: B
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Page Ref: 41
Topic: Conception
Learning Objective: Explain how conception occurs and what
causes multiple births.
Bloom’s: Remember
APA LO: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s
content domains
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
4) ________ are the result of two separate eggs being fertilized
by two different sperm cells to form two unique individuals.
1. A)
Identical twins
2. B)
Monozygotic twins
3. C)
Dizygotic twins
4. D)
Conjoined twins
Answer: C
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Page Ref: 41
Topic: Conception
Learning Objective: Explain how conception occurs and what
causes multiple births.
Bloom’s: Remember
APA LO: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and
overarching themes in psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
5) Unlike monozygotic twins, dizygotic twins:
1. A)
are highly vulnerable to twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome.
2. B)
tend to run in families.
3. C)
are alike genetically.
4. D)
tend to be of the same sex in most instances.
Answer: B
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Page Ref: 41
Topic: Conception
Learning Objective: Explain how conception occurs and what
causes multiple births.
Bloom’s: Understand
APA LO: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s
content domains
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
6) Dizygotic twins are different from monozygotic twins in that:
1. A)
dizygotic twins result from the cleaving of one fertilized egg.
2. B)
dizygotic twins are generally genetically identical and are also known as
identical twins.
3. C)
dizygotic twins are susceptible to twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome.
4. D)
genetically, dizygotic twins are like siblings who inhabit the same womb at the
same time.
Answer: D
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Page Ref: 41
Topic: Conception
Learning Objective: Explain how conception occurs and what
causes multiple births.
Bloom’s: Understand
APA LO: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s
content domains
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
7) Colette and Ryan are throwing a birthday party for their
twins Felix and Noah. Omar and Polina, their friends, are at the party. Omar
tells Polina that Felix and Noah are monozygotic twins. However, Polina
disagrees with Omar and argues that they are dizygotic twins. If true, which of
the following statements strengthens Polina’s argument?
1. A)
Colette has a twin brother.
2. B)
Felix and Noah are very similar in appearance.
3. C)
Felix and Noah had twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome in the prenatal stage.
4. D) Ryan
has an identical twin, but there are no twins in Colette’s family.
Answer: A
Difficulty: 3 Hard
Page Ref: 41
Topic: Conception
Learning Objective: Explain how conception occurs and what
causes multiple births.
Bloom’s: Analyze
APA LO: 2.1: Use scientific reasoning to interpret
psychological phenomena
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
8) Jorge and Julio are dizygotic twins, and their mother is also
a dizygotic twin. Julio tells Jorge that any children born to either of them
will also be twins. Jorge disagrees with his twin. Which of the following
statements can Jorge use to weaken Julio’s argument?
1. A)
The tendency to have dizygotic twins is often passed from a woman’s mother.
2. B)
Monozygotic twins tend to run in families.
3. C)
The tendency to have dizygotic twins is passed from fathers to their offspring.
4. D)
Dizygotic twins are born only once in four generations.
Answer: A
Difficulty: 3 Hard
Page Ref: 41
Topic: Conception
Learning Objective: Explain how conception occurs and what
causes multiple births.
Bloom’s: Analyze
APA LO: 2.1: Use scientific reasoning to interpret
psychological phenomena
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
9) Ariel and Daniel are 2-year-old twins. They look alike as
they have identical genetic codes. In future, which of the following is likely
to be true of them?
1. A) As
they grow older, any differences they have will diminish entirely.
2. B)
They will follow very similar developmental pathways.
3. C) As
they grow older, they will look less similar and act more different.
4. D)
They will have identical twins.
Answer: C
Difficulty: 3 Hard
Page Ref: 41
Topic: Conception
Learning Objective: Explain how conception occurs and what
causes multiple births.
Bloom’s: Analyze
APA LO: 2.1: Use scientific reasoning to interpret
psychological phenomena
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
10) Identify a true statement about multiple births.
1. A)
Early childbearing is the primary cause for the rise in multiple births.
2. B)
The rise in multiple births is associated with the increased use of fertility
drugs.
3. C)
The proportion of assisted reproduction procedures involving three or more
embryos has steadily increased in recent years.
4. D)
Multiple births resulting from assisted reproduction have the least risk for
premature delivery and disability or death of the infant.
Answer: B
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Page Ref: 42
Topic: Conception
Learning Objective: Explain how conception occurs and what
causes multiple births.
Bloom’s: Understand
APA LO: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s
content domains
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
11) Which of the following is true of deoxyribonucleic acid
(DNA)?
1. A) It
consists of four chemical units called bases.
2. B) It
is a coil of the chromosome that consists of smaller segments called genes.
3. C) It
is a reference point that shows the location of all human genes.
4. D) It
determines the sex of a fetus.
Answer: A
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Page Ref: 42
Topic: Heredity
Learning Objective: Describe the mechanisms of heredity in
normal and abnormal human development.
Bloom’s: Understand
APA LO: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s
content domains
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
12) The four bases of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) are adenine
(A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), and:
1. A)
inosine (I).
2. B)
guanine (G).
3. C)
uracil (U).
4. D)
xanthine (X).
Answer: B
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Page Ref: 42
Topic: Heredity
Learning Objective: Describe the mechanisms of heredity in
normal and abnormal human development.
Bloom’s: Remember
APA LO: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and
overarching themes in psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
13) Which of the following is true of genes?
1. A)
They are coils of DNA that consist of chromosomes.
2. B)
Every cell in the normal human body except the sex cells has 23 pairs of
genes—46 genes in all.
3. C)
Each gene is located in a definite position on its chromosome and contains
thousands of bases.
4. D)
They determine the biological sex of a human being.
Answer: C
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Page Ref: 42
Topic: Heredity
Learning Objective: Describe the mechanisms of heredity in
normal and abnormal human development.
Bloom’s: Understand
APA LO: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s
content domains
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
14) Which of the following is true of the sequence of bases in a
gene?
1. A) It
tells the cell how to make the proteins that enable it to carry out specific
functions.
2. B) It
is meant to be a recipe for making a particular human.
3. C) It
turns genes on and off at different points in the development of an individual.
4. D) It
has a double-helix structure and resembles a long, spiraling ladder.
Answer: A
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Page Ref: 42
Topic: Heredity
Learning Objective: Describe the mechanisms of heredity in
normal and abnormal human development.
Bloom’s: Understand
APA LO: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s
content domains
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
15) The human genome is:
1. A) a
recipe for making a particular human.
2. B)
the genetic makeup of an individual.
3. C)
the one-celled organism that results from fertilization.
4. D) a
reference point that shows the location of all human genes.
Answer: D
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Page Ref: 42
Topic: Heredity
Learning Objective: Describe the mechanisms of heredity in
normal and abnormal human development.
Bloom’s: Remember
APA LO: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and
overarching themes in psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
16) Which of the following is true of chromosomes?
1. A)
Every cell in the normal human body except the sex cells has 23 pairs of
chromosomes.
2. B)
Chromosomes are a reference point that shows the location of all human genes.
3. C)
Chromosomes govern the formation of proteins that determine the structure and
functions of living cells.
4. D)
The biological sex of a human being is determined by autosomes, one of the two
types of chromosomes.
Answer: A
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Page Ref: 42
Topic: Heredity
Learning Objective: Describe the mechanisms of heredity in
normal and abnormal human development.
Bloom’s: Understand
APA LO: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s
content domains
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
17) Meiosis is a type of cell division through which:
1. A)
non-sex cells divide and replicate DNA.
2. B)
permanent alterations are made in genetic material.
3. C)
sex cells end up with 23 chromosomes.
4. D)
recessive disorders are passed on to female children.
Answer: C
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Page Ref: 42
Topic: Heredity; Human Development
Learning Objective: Describe the mechanisms of heredity in
normal and abnormal human development.
Bloom’s: Remember
APA LO: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and
overarching themes in psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
18) In the context of conception, mitosis is:
1. A) a
permanent alteration in genetic material that may produce harmful
characteristics.
2. B)
the process by which the non-sex cells divide in half over and over again to replicate
DNA.
3. C)
the process of limiting variance of expression of certain inherited
characteristics.
4. D) a
mechanism that turns genes on or off and determines functions of body cells of
the fetus.
Answer: B
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Page Ref: 42-43
Topic: Heredity; Human Development
Learning Objective: Describe the mechanisms of heredity in
normal and abnormal human development.
Bloom’s: Remember
APA LO: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and
overarching themes in psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
19) Emily is 20 weeks pregnant. She and her partner Alan decide
to do an ultrasound scan to determine the fetal gender. After the test, the
health care provider informs the expecting parents that they are having a baby
girl. In the context of genetic determination of sex, which of the following
statements is true?
1. A)
The fetus received both the X and Y chromosomes from Alan.
2. B)
The fetus received an X chromosome from the father and a Y chromosome from
Emily.
3. C)
The fetus received two X chromosomes from Emily.
4. D)
The fetus received one X chromosome each from Alan and Emily.
Answer: D
Difficulty: 3 Hard
Page Ref: 43
Topic: Gender
Learning Objective: Describe the mechanisms of heredity in
normal and abnormal human development.
Bloom’s: Apply
APA LO: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
20) Emily and Alan are expecting a baby. Identify a situation
that would result in Emily and Alan having a healthy and normal boy child.
1. A)
The X chromosome from Alan’s sperm pairs with the X chromosome in Emily’s ovum.
2. B)
The Y chromosome from Alan’s sperm pairs with the X chromosome in Emily’s ovum.
3. C)
The X chromosome from Alan’s sperm pairs with the X chromosome in Emily’s ovum,
and the zygote acquires another X chromosome during cell differentiation.
4. D)
The Y chromosome from Alan’s sperm pairs with the X chromosome in Emily’s ovum,
and the zygote acquires another Y chromosome during cell differentiation.
Answer: B
Difficulty: 3 Hard
Page Ref: 43
Topic: Gender
Learning Objective: Describe the mechanisms of heredity in
normal and abnormal human development.
Bloom’s: Apply
APA LO: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
21) Which of the following exemplifies a homozygous trait in a
person?
1. A)
Briana has curly hair similar to that of her parents.
2. B)
Connor has freckles like his father, whereas his mother has clear skin.
3. C)
Jayden, a mixed-race child, takes after his Asian mother who does not have eyelid
creases.
4. D)
Nyle’s blood type is AB, whereas his mother’s and father’s blood types are A
and B, respectively.
Answer: A
Difficulty: 3 Hard
Page Ref: 44
Topic: Heredity
Learning Objective: Summarize the influence of genes on
human development.; Describe the mechanisms of heredity in normal and abnormal
human development.
Bloom’s: Apply
APA LO: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
22) Sam and Jenny have triplets named Noah, Adam, and Claire.
Noah and Claire have hazel eyes and brown, curly hair like their parents,
whereas Adam has gray eyes and blonde, straight hair. Which of the following
explains why Adam’s hair color is different from his parents’ and siblings’
hair color?
1. A)
Polygenic inheritance
2. B)
Dominant inheritance
3. C)
Sex-linked inheritance
4. D)
Recessive inheritance
Answer: D
Difficulty: 3 Hard
Page Ref: 44
Topic: Heredity
Learning Objective: Summarize the influence of genes on
human development.; Describe the mechanisms of heredity in normal and abnormal
human development.
Bloom’s: Apply
APA LO: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
23) Mohammed and Jeanne have 2 children, Emma and Alice.
Mohammed, Jeanne, and Alice have brown eyes, whereas Emma has blue eyes. Which
of the following explains why Alice has brown eyes?
1. A)
Incomplete dominance
2. B)
Dominant inheritance
3. C)
Sex-linked inheritance
4. D)
Recessive inheritance
Answer: B
Difficulty: 3 Hard
Page Ref: 44
Topic: Heredity
Learning Objective: Summarize the influence of genes on
human development.; Describe the mechanisms of heredity in normal and abnormal
human development.
Bloom’s: Apply
APA LO: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
24) Lian is a 10-year-old child. She has no facial dimples
although her parents do. Yuan, her uncle, states that the presence or absence
of dimples is a homozygous characteristic. Which of the following is the most
likely explanation for the absence of dimples in Lian?
1. A)
Lian has received a dominant allele from her father and a recessive allele from
her mother.
2. B)
Lian has received a mutant paternal allele of the trait.
3. C)
Lian has received two recessive alleles of the trait from her parents.
4. D)
Lian has received only a single allele of the trait, and either the paternal or
maternal allele of the trait is absent.
Answer: C
Difficulty: 3 Hard
Page Ref: 44
Topic: Heredity
Learning Objective: Summarize the influence of genes on
human development.; Describe the mechanisms of heredity in normal and abnormal
human development.
Bloom’s: Analyze
APA LO: 2.1: Use scientific reasoning to interpret
psychological phenomena
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
25) Roma and Matthew have type 2 diabetes. Nelly, their
10-year-old child, is obese. They follow a sedentary lifestyle, and do not
encourage Nelly to exercise. Nelly prefers sugary beverages and high-fat foods.
When Roma and Matthew notice that Nelly gets frequent infections and her
healing process is slow, they take her to a doctor. After diagnosis, the doctor
informs them that Nelly has type 2 diabetes, a result of the interaction
between her inherited predisposition for insulin resistance and her lifestyle.
This scenario illustrates the concept of:
1. A) niche-picking.
2. B)
sex-linked inheritance.
3. C)
mutation.
4. D)
multifactorial transmission.
Answer: D
Difficulty: 3 Hard
Page Ref: 45
Topic: Heredity
Learning Objective: Describe the mechanisms of heredity in
normal and abnormal human development.; Explain how heredity and environment
interact in human development.
Bloom’s: Apply
APA LO: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
26) Which of the following is an accurate statement about
epigenesis?
1. A)
Epigenetic activity is affected by a continual unidirectional interplay between
genotypes and environmental influences.
2. B)
Epigenetic changes are likely to occur throughout life in response to
environmental factors.
3. C)
Cells are immune to epigenetic modification only during puberty and pregnancy.
4. D)
Epigenetic modifications that occur late in life are highly heritable.
Answer: B
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Page Ref: 46
Topic: Heredity; Human Development
Learning Objective: Explain how heredity and environment interact
in human development.
Bloom’s: Understand
APA LO: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s
content domains
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
27) Elijah and Jada are an African American couple. After Jada
gives birth to a baby girl, doctors inform them that the baby has severe
anemia, which has reduced her blood’s ability to carry oxygen. They conduct
multiple blood transfusions for the baby. However, the baby dies less than a
week after its birth. In this scenario, Elijah and Jada’s baby is likely to
have had:
1. A)
sickle-cell anemia.
2. B)
spina bifida.
3. C)
cystic fibrosis.
4. D)
alpha thalassemia.
Answer: D
Difficulty: 3 Hard
Page Ref: 47
Topic: Heredity; Human Development
Learning Objective: Summarize the influence of genes on
human development.; Explain how heredity and environment interact in human
development.
Bloom’s: Apply
APA LO: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
28) Beta thalassemia is a birth defect that:
1. A)
causes severe anemia leading to weakness, fatigue, and frequent illness.
2. B)
leads to respiratory failure.
3. C)
leads to overproduction of mucus, which collects in the lung and digestive
tract.
4. D)
causes poor blood clotting.
Answer: A
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Page Ref: 47
Topic: Heredity; Human Development
Learning Objective: Summarize the influence of genes on
human development.; Explain how heredity and environment interact in human
development.
Bloom’s: Understand
APA LO: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s
content domains
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
29) Sofia is a 3-year old Italian American child. She has severe
anemia and is always weak and fatigued. Moreover, she falls ill frequently.
Doctors have informed her parents that she is less likely to survive young
adulthood and that they should regularly take her to the hospital for blood
transfusions. In this scenario, Sofia is likely to have:
1. A)
hemophilia.
2. B)
Tay-Sachs disease.
3. C)
Cooley’s anemia.
4. D)
anencephaly.
Answer: C
Difficulty: 3 Hard
Page Ref: 47
Topic: Heredity; Human Development
Learning Objective: Summarize the influence of genes on
human development.; Explain how heredity and environment interact in human
development.
Bloom’s: Apply
APA LO: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
30) Zain, a 10-year-old, has trouble breathing and has digestive
difficulties. His doctor informs his parents that his condition is inherited
and is caused by overproduction of mucus. The doctor explains that the excess
mucus is getting collected in Zain’s lungs and digestive tracts. In this
scenario, Zain is likely to have the birth defect called:
1. A)
cystic fibrosis.
2. B)
anencephaly.
3. C)
phenylketonuria.
4. D)
spina bifida.
Answer: A
Difficulty: 3 Hard
Page Ref: 47
Topic: Heredity; Human Development
Learning Objective: Summarize the influence of genes on
human development.; Explain how heredity and environment interact in human
development.
Bloom’s: Apply
APA LO: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
31) Roma, a 3-month-old baby, is being treated for cystic
fibrosis, a condition that causes overproduction of mucus. Apart from chest
physical therapy, doctors are likely to recommend:
1. A)
digestive enzyme supplementation.
2. B)
enriching her blood with clotting factors.
3. C)
placing a shunt in her brain.
4. D)
frequent blood transfusions.
Answer: A
Difficulty: 3 Hard
Page Ref: 47
Topic: Heredity; Human Development
Learning Objective: Summarize the influence of genes on
human development.; Explain how heredity and environment interact in human
development.
Bloom’s: Apply
APA LO: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
32) Which of the following is true of Duchenne muscular
dystrophy?
1. A) It
is caused by an incompletely closed spinal canal.
2. B) It
is usually fatal in males, and death usually occurs in young adulthood.
3. C)
Its symptoms include enlarged kidneys, respiratory problems, and paralysis.
4. D) It
can be treated with antibiotics and physical therapy.
Answer: B
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Page Ref: 47
Topic: Heredity; Human Development
Learning Objective: Summarize the influence of genes on
human development.; Explain how heredity and environment interact in human
development.
Bloom’s: Understand
APA LO: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s
content domains
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
33) Maxim, an 8-year-old boy, very often has severe bleeding in
different parts of his body. His wounds keep bleeding for a long time. He is
undergoing treatments that mainly consist of blood transfusions with clotting
factors. In the context of birth defects, Maxim is most likely to have:
1. A)
alpha thalassemia.
2. B)
spina bifida.
3. C)
hemophilia.
4. D)
phenylketonuria.
Answer: C
Difficulty: 3 Hard
Page Ref: 47
Topic: Heredity; Human Development
Learning Objective: Summarize the influence of genes on
human development.; Explain how heredity and environment interact in human
development.
Bloom’s: Apply
APA LO: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
34) Frequent transfusions of blood with clotting factors is the
recommended treatment for:
1. A)
anencephaly.
2. B)
Tay-Sachs disease.
3. C)
Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
4. D)
hemophilia.
Answer: D
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Page Ref: 47
Topic: Heredity; Human Development
Learning Objective: Summarize the influence of genes on
human development.; Explain how heredity and environment interact in human
development.
Bloom’s: Understand
APA LO: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s
content domains
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
35) Who among the following is likely to have anencephaly?
1. A)
Jordan, who has a clotting disorder
2. B)
Nathan, who was born with missing brain tissues and died within a week of birth
3. C)
Jeong, who is paralyzed because of an incompletely closed spinal canal
4. D)
Emily, who faced difficulty breathing and died at age 25 because of a lung
infection
Answer: B
Difficulty: 3 Hard
Page Ref: 47
Topic: Heredity; Human Development
Learning Objective: Summarize the influence of genes on
human development.; Explain how heredity and environment interact in human
development.
Bloom’s: Apply
APA LO: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
36) Reza, a 2-day-old baby, has muscle weakness and is unable to
move his limbs. His doctors perform a surgery to close his spinal canal and to
place a shunt inside his brain to drain excess fluid. In the context of birth
defects, Reza is likely to have:
1. A)
spina bifida.
2. B)
anencephaly.
3. C)
Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
4. D)
Tay-Sachs disease.
Answer: A
Difficulty: 3 Hard
Page Ref: 47
Topic: Heredity; Human Development
Learning Objective: Summarize the influence of genes on human
development.; Explain how heredity and environment interact in human
development.
Bloom’s: Apply
APA LO: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
37) In the context of birth defects, which of the following is true
of sickle-cell anemia?
1. A) It
is a metabolic disorder resulting in mental retardation.
2. B) It
increases susceptibility of at-risk individuals to pneumonia and stroke.
3. C)
Families of Mediterranean descent are primarily at risk for sickle-cell anemia.
4. D) Treatment
for sickle-cell anemia involves regular blood transfusions with clotting
factors.
Answer: B
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Page Ref: 47
Topic: Heredity; Human Development
Learning Objective: Summarize the influence of genes on
human development.; Explain how heredity and environment interact in human
development.
Bloom’s: Understand
APA LO: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s
content domains
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
38) How is the adult form of polycystic kidney disease different
from the infantile form of polycystic kidney disease?
1. A) In
adults, the major symptom of the disorder is congestive heart failure.
2. B)
Kidney pain and kidney disorders are the major symptoms of the disorder in
infants.
3. C) In
adults, the disorder causes hypertension, resulting in chronic kidney failure.
4. D)
Enlarged kidneys and respiratory problems are the major symptoms of the
disorder in adults.
Answer: C
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Page Ref: 47
Topic: Heredity; Human Development
Learning Objective: Summarize the influence of genes on
human development.; Explain how heredity and environment interact in human
development.
Bloom’s: Understand
APA LO: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s
content domains
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
39) Alex, a 24-year-old man, has polycystic kidney disease.
Doctors advise him to have a kidney transplant as his condition could worsen
and he could face chronic kidney failure. As an adult with polycystic kidney
disease, Alex is likely to have:
1. A)
respiratory problems.
2. B)
enlarged kidneys.
3. C)
hypotension.
4. D)
kidney pain.
Answer: D
Difficulty: 3 Hard
Page Ref: 47
Topic: Heredity; Human Development
Learning Objective: Summarize the influence of genes on
human development.; Explain how heredity and environment interact in human
development.
Bloom’s: Apply
APA LO: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
40) Unlike defects transmitted by dominant genes, those
transmitted by recessive genes tend to be lethal at an earlier age because:
1. A)
recessive genes are less likely to be transmitted by homozygous carriers who
have the disorder.
2. B)
recessive genes are likely to be transmitted by heterozygous carriers who do
not themselves have the defect.
3. C)
any affected children would likely die before reproducing.
4. D)
any affected children would be less likely to survive infancy.
Answer: B
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Page Ref: 47
Topic: Heredity
Learning Objective: Summarize the influence of genes on human
development.; Describe the mechanisms of heredity in normal and abnormal human
development.
Bloom’s: Understand
APA LO: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
41) Which of the following is an example of incomplete
dominance?
1. A)
Sarah has facial dimples like her father David.
2. B)
Maya has red hair even though both her parents have brown hair.
3. C)
Nyle, a curly-haired man, and Clara, a straight-haired woman, have a baby with
wavy hair.
4. D)
Ryan and Thomas, fraternal twins, have red-green color blindness like their
mother.
Answer: C
Difficulty: 3 Hard
Page Ref: 48
Topic: Heredity
Learning Objective: Summarize the influence of genes on
human development.
Bloom’s: Apply
APA LO: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
42) Mikhail, a 20-year-old man, suffers from learning disorders.
He has small testes and underdeveloped secondary sex characteristics. He
recently found out that he is sterile. In the context of chromosomal
abnormalities, which of the following chromosome patterns is Mikhail likely to
have?
1. A) XY
2. B)
XXX
3. C) XO
4. D)
XXY
Answer: D
Difficulty: 3 Hard
Page Ref: 49
Topic: Heredity
Learning Objective: Summarize the influence of genes on
human development.
Bloom’s: Apply
APA LO: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
43) In the context of chromosomal abnormalities, which of the
following is a characteristic of females born with Turner syndrome?
1. A) They
tend to have underdeveloped sex organs.
2. B)
They tend to be hyperactive.
3. C)
They tend to be especially verbal.
4. D)
They tend to have minor-to-severe mental retardation.
Answer: A
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Page Ref: 49
Topic: Heredity
Learning Objective: Summarize the influence of genes on
human development.
Bloom’s: Understand
APA LO: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s
content domains
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
44) Which of the following is true of Turner syndrome?
1. A) It
accounts for about 40 percent of all cases of moderate-to-severe mental
retardation.
2. B) It
results from a missing X sex chromosome (XO).
3. C) It
causes sterility, a tall stature, and a tendency toward low IQ in males.
4. D) It
is the most common chromosomal abnormality in humans.
Answer: B
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Page Ref: 49
Topic: Heredity
Learning Objective: Summarize the influence of genes on
human development.
Bloom’s: Understand
APA LO: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s
content domains
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
45) Who among the following is likely to have Turner syndrome?
6. A)
Twenty-two-year-old Marco, who is 6.7 feet tall and has an IQ of score of 55
7. B)
Twenty-five-year-old Daniel, who has underdeveloped sex organs
8. C)
Twelve-year-old Diya, who is mentally retarded
9. D)
Two-year-old Ria, who has a webbed neck and impaired social abilities
Answer: D
Difficulty: 3 Hard
Page Ref: 49
Topic: Heredity
Learning Objective: Summarize the influence of genes on
human development.
Bloom’s: Apply
APA LO: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
46) Isaiah, a 3-year-old, has a birth defect. His speech and
language capabilities are poorer than those of other children of his age. He started
walking only after his third birthday. Doctors have diagnosed that he has minor
mental retardation and have suggested that he be given educational and
behavioral therapy. Isaiah is likely to have:
1. A)
XYY syndrome.
2. B)
Turner syndrome.
3. C)
XXX syndrome.
4. D)
fragile X syndrome.
Answer: D
Difficulty: 3 Hard
Page Ref: 49
Topic: Heredity
Learning Objective: Summarize the influence of genes on
human development.
Bloom’s: Apply
APA LO: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
47) Identify the most common chromosomal abnormality.
1. A)
Turner syndrome
2. B)
Klinefelter syndrome
3. C)
Down syndrome
4. D)
Prader-Willi syndrome
Answer: C
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Page Ref: 49
Topic: Heredity
Learning Objective: Summarize the influence of genes on
human development.
Bloom’s: Remember
APA LO: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and
overarching themes in psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
48) People with Down syndrome have problems with motor
coordination and balance because:
1. A)
their hippocampal area expands in volume by young adulthood.
2. B)
they are born with brains that are smaller than others.
3. C)
their prefrontal cortex generally shrinks in volume.
4. D)
their cerebellum shrinks in volume by young adulthood.
Answer: D
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Page Ref: 49
Topic: Heredity
Learning Objective: Summarize the influence of genes on
human development.
Bloom’s: Understand
APA LO: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s
content domains
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
49) Which of the following causes cognitive dysfunction in
people with Down syndrome?
1. A)
The shrinkage of the prefrontal cortex and the hippocampal area
2. B)
The expansion of the cerebellum
3. C)
The absence of an X chromosome
4. D)
The degeneration of brain cells in the medulla oblongata
Answer: A
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Page Ref: 49
Topic: Heredity
Learning Objective: Summarize the influence of genes on
human development.
Bloom’s: Understand
APA LO: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s
content domains
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
50) Which of the following refers to the clinical service that
advises prospective parents of their probable risk of having children with
hereditary defects?
1. A)
Code switching
2. B)
Genetic counseling
3. C)
Fast mapping
4. D)
Niche-picking
Answer: B
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Page Ref: 49
Topic: Heredity
Learning Objective: Summarize the influence of genes on
human development.
Bloom’s: Remember
APA LO: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and
overarching themes in psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
51) Ximena and Andrei, a couple in their mid-30s, are expecting
a baby. Ximena has a family history of hemophilia, and Andrei’s brother has
Down syndrome. Shawn, their health care provider, takes chromosomes from their
body tissues for analysis and prepares a chart with photographs of the
chromosomes based on their size and structure. After studying the chart, Shawn
gives them information on their probability of having a baby with any one or
both defects. Shawn educates them about the risks of Down syndrome and
hemophilia and the implication of these conditions for them and their baby. He
also talks about the support they could provide if their baby is born with a
defect and alternative options they have at this point of pregnancy. Which of
the following concepts is illustrated in this scenario?
1. A)
Acceleration programs
2. B)
Individual psychotherapy
3. C)
Genetic counseling
4. D)
Guided participation
Answer: C
Difficulty: 3 Hard
Page Ref: 50
Topic: Heredity
Learning Objective: Summarize the influence of genes on
human development.
Bloom’s: Apply
APA LO: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
52) Epigenetic drift in monozygotic twins is often associated
with:
1. A)
shrinkage in the hippocampal area of their brains.
2. B)
alterations in the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sequence.
3. C)
adoption of differing lifestyles and less shared time together.
4. D)
differences in the placental environment to which they were exposed.
Answer: C
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Page Ref: 51
Topic: Heredity; Human Development
Learning Objective: Summarize the influence of genes on
human development.
Bloom’s: Understand
APA LO: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s
content domains
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
53) According to epigenetic studies, monochorionic twins differ
from dichorionic twins in that monochorionic twins:
1. A)
are exposed to different placental environments.
2. B)
tend to have an extra Y chromosome.
3. C)
are more susceptible to epigenetic drift.
4. D)
tend to be more similar in genetic expression.
Answer: A
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Page Ref: 51
Topic: Heredity
Learning Objective: Summarize the influence of genes on
human development.
Bloom’s: Understand
APA LO: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s
content domains
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
54) In the context of heritability, if a pair of twins are said
to be concordant, they are likely to:
1. A)
attribute life to objects that are not alive.
2. B)
make changes in their speech to match specific situations.
3. C)
share a specific trait or disorder.
4. D)
have accumulated differences in their genotypes.
Answer: C
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Page Ref: 51
Topic: Heredity
Learning Objective: Summarize the influence of genes on
human development.
Bloom’s: Remember
APA LO: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and
overarching themes in psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
55) A heritability estimate of 0.5 percent indicates that:
1. A)
both genes and the environment had an equal role in shaping a particular trait.
2. B) a
particular trait has been shaped by factors other than the environment and
genetics.
3. C)
genes are 100 percent responsible for variances in a trait within a population.
4. D)
the environment shaped a trait exclusively.
Answer: A
Difficulty: 3 Hard
Page Ref: 52
Topic: Heredity
Learning Objective: Summarize the influence of genes on
human development.; Explain how heredity and environment interact in human
development.
Bloom’s: Analyze
APA LO: 2.1: Use scientific reasoning to interpret
psychological phenomena
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
56) Which of the following is true of heritability?
1. A) It
refers to the influences that shaped the traits of a particular person within a
specific population.
2. B) It
indicates the statistical extent to which genes contribute to a trait at a
certain time in a given population.
3. C) It
explains the process by which individual traits develop.
4. D) It
refers to a mechanism that turns genes on or off and determines functions of
body cells.
Answer: B
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Page Ref: 52
Topic: Heredity
Learning Objective: Summarize the influence of genes on
human development.; Explain how heredity and environment interact in human
development.
Bloom’s: Understand
APA LO: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s
content domains
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
57) Zoey, Adam, Lina, and Aslam are babies born in different
social situations. Zoey has a single mother who is in between jobs, Adam is an
only child of two doctors, Lina was adopted by a middle-aged couple soon after
her birth, and Aslam is the youngest member of a joint family. Despite the
differences in the environments in which they are growing up, all four babies
start crawling when they are around 6 months old, sit for the first time when
they are 8 months, and start walking soon after their first birthday. Which of
the following is illustrated in this scenario?
1. A)
Concordance
2. B)
Epigenetic drift
3. C)
Fast mapping
4. D)
Canalization
Answer: D
Difficulty: 3 Hard
Page Ref: 53
Topic: Heredity; Human Development
Learning Objective: Explain how heredity and environment
interact in human development.
Bloom’s: Apply
APA LO: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
58) Benjamin and Emilien are monozygotic twins. Because of their
mother’s anger management issues, child-protective services take custody of the
children and leave them in the care of two different foster families. Benjamin
is in a family in which the foster parents are a middle-aged couple. He faces
adjustment issues and frequently throws tantrums until they yield to his
wishes. The family that took in Emilien is a couple in their 30s who have a
biological child of Emilien’s age. He adjusts well with the foster parents and
the foster sibling. Benjamin’s and Emilien’s behaviors can be explained by:
1. A)
genotype-environment interaction.
2. B)
evocative correlation.
3. C)
niche-picking.
4. D)
genotype-environment covariance.
Answer: A
Difficulty: 3 Hard
Page Ref: 54
Topic: Heredity; Human Development
Learning Objective: Explain how heredity and environment
interact in human development.
Bloom’s: Apply
APA LO: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
59) Which of the following is true of genotype-environment
interaction?
1. A) It
works in three ways: passive correlations, evocative correlations, and active
correlations.
2. B) It
functions only when a child is living with a biologically related parent.
3. C)
Environmental factors are the sole contributor to phenotypic variations in
genetically similar children.
4. D)
The interaction of hereditary and environmental factors produces certain
outcomes in individuals.
Answer: D
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Page Ref: 54
Topic: Heredity; Human Development
Learning Objective: Explain how heredity and environment
interact in human development.
Bloom’s: Understand
APA LO: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s
content domains
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
60) Yara, a 12-year-old, loves oil painting. Both her parents
are artists, and they run an art school. They started teaching her how to paint
from a very young age, and they often take her to art shows and painting
exhibitions. In the context of genotype-environment correlation, which of the
following concepts is exemplified in this scenario?
1. A)
Reactive correlation
2. B)
Active correlation
3. C)
Passive correlation
4. D) Evocative
correlation
Answer: C
Difficulty: 3 Hard
Page Ref: 54
Topic: Heredity; Human Development
Learning Objective: Explain how heredity and environment
interact in human development.
Bloom’s: Apply
APA LO: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
61) In the context of the ways in which inheritance and
experience work together, which of the following is true of evocative
correlation?
1. A)
This response involves other people reacting to a child’s genetic makeup.
2. B)
This response illustrates how heredity restricts the range of development for
some traits.
3. C)
This response functions only when a child is living with a biologically related
parent.
4. D)
This response is most common among adolescents and adults.
Answer: A
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Page Ref: 54
Topic: Heredity; Human Development
Learning Objective: Explain how heredity and environment
interact in human development.
Bloom’s: Understand
APA LO: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s
content domains
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
62) Alexis and Omar have a 6-year-old child. They notice that
she shows an interest in dancing. Even though they are not dancers themselves,
they decide to enroll her in a dance school to give her the best training
available. In the context of genotype-environment correlation, Alexis and
Omar’s decision to strengthen their child’s inclination toward dancing
exemplifies:
1. A)
polygenic inheritance.
2. B)
passive correlation.
3. C)
niche-picking.
4. D)
reactive correlation.
Answer: D
Difficulty: 3 Hard
Page Ref: 54
Topic: Heredity; Human Development
Learning Objective: Explain how heredity and environment
interact in human development.
Bloom’s: Apply
APA LO: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
63) Kalen is a 14-year-old high school freshman. He is
interested in writing poetry and is an active member of the school poetry club.
All his friends in school are budding writers or enjoy reading. In the context
of genotype-environment correlation, Kalen’s behavior is an example of:
1. A)
niche-picking.
2. B)
canalization.
3. C)
polygenic inheritance.
4. D)
multifactorial transmission.
Answer: A
Difficulty: 3 Hard
Page Ref: 54
Topic: Heredity; Human Development
Learning Objective: Explain how heredity and environment
interact in human development.
Bloom’s: Apply
APA LO: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
64) Which of the following is true of active correlation?
1. A) It
functions only when a child is living with a biologically related parent.
2. B) It
is common among older children, adolescents, and adults.
3. C) It
involves other people reacting to a child’s genetic makeup.
4. D) It
is characterized by parental control over children’s early experiences.
Answer: B
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Page Ref: 54
Topic: Heredity; Human Development
Learning Objective: Explain how heredity and environment
interact in human development.
Bloom’s: Understand
APA LO: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s
content domains
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
65) Azuna supports the view that some characteristics are
influenced by both heredity and environment. Noam, her friend, disagrees with
her. Which of the following views would Noam support?
1. A)
The socioeconomic status of a society seldom influences children’s propensity
for obesity.
2. B) A
person with the genetic predisposition for obesity can stay fit by following a
strict diet and an active lifestyle.
3. C)
Obesity is a multifactorial condition influenced by genetic factors along with
considerable contributions from environmental influences.
4. D) A
genetic predisposition for overeating, supersized portions, and inactivity
increases the risk of obesity.
Answer: A
Difficulty: 3 Hard
Page Ref: 55
Topic: Heredity; Human Development
Learning Objective: Explain how heredity and environment
interact in human development.
Bloom’s: Analyze
APA LO: 2.1: Use scientific reasoning to interpret
psychological phenomena
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
66) Which of the following terms is defined as an infant’s
characteristic way of approaching and reacting to situations?
1. A)
Active engagement
2. B)
Accommodation
3. C)
Temperament
4. D)
Centration
Answer: C
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Page Ref: 56
Topic: Heredity; Human Development
Learning Objective: Explain how heredity and environment
interact in human development.
Bloom’s: Remember
APA LO: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and
overarching themes in psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
67) The 37- to 41-week period between conception and birth in
which an unborn child undergoes dramatic processes of development is known as:
1. A)
centration.
2. B)
implantation.
3. C)
habituation.
4. D)
gestation.
Answer: D
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Page Ref: 56
Topic: Human Development
Learning Objective: Summarize prenatal development.
Bloom’s: Remember
APA LO: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and
overarching themes in psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
68) Which of the following is true of prenatal development?
1. A)
The embryo’s fingers and toes develop before its arms and legs.
2. B)
The embryo’s head and trunk develop before its arms and legs.
3. C)
During gestation, the original single-celled embryo grows into a zygote and
then a fetus.
4. D)
During the embryonic stage, the zygote divides and becomes more complex.
Answer: B
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Page Ref: 56
Topic: Human Development
Learning Objective: Summarize prenatal development.
Bloom’s: Understand
APA LO: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s
content domains
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
69) Which of the following occurs in the first 2 weeks of
gestation?
1. A)
The zygote measures about 1/2 inch in length.
2. B)
The zygote’s form changes into a blastocyst.
3. C)
The central nervous system begins to form.
4. D)
The zygote becomes vulnerable to teratogens.
Answer: B
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Page Ref: 56
Topic: Human Development
Learning Objective: Summarize prenatal development.
Bloom’s: Understand
APA LO: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s
content domains
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
70) Which of the following characterizes the germinal stage of
gestation?
1. A)
Implantation of the blastocyst in the uterine wall
2. B)
Rapid development of respiratory, digestive, and nervous systems
3. C)
Appearance of the first bone cells
4. D)
Definite sleep-wake patterns of the fetus
Answer: A
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Page Ref: 56
Topic: Human Development
Learning Objective: Summarize prenatal development.
Bloom’s: Remember
APA LO: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and
overarching themes in psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
71) The ectoderm, one of the three layers of the embryonic disk
formed during the germinal stage, of an embryo will later become:
1. A)
the excretory and circulatory systems.
2. B)
the outer layer of skin, the nails, hair, teeth, sensory organs, and the
nervous system.
3. C)
the muscles and skeleton.
4. D)
the inner layer of skin, digestive system, liver, salivary glands, and
respiratory system.
Answer: B
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Page Ref: 56
Topic: Human Development
Learning Objective: Summarize prenatal development.
Bloom’s: Understand
APA LO: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s
content domains
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
72) Nadia visits a doctor as she missed her period and finds
herself more tired than usual. After a few tests, her doctor informs her that
she is pregnant and that the embryo is healthy. The doctor adds that the embryo
is a little above half an inch in length and that it has a tiny heart that
beats about 65 times per minute. In the context of prenatal development, Nadia
is likely to be in the:
1. A)
fourth week of pregnancy.
2. B)
first week of pregnancy.
3. C)
sixth week of pregnancy.
4. D)
eight week of pregnancy.
Answer: A
Difficulty: 3 Hard
Page Ref: 57
Topic: Human Development
Learning Objective: Summarize prenatal development.
Bloom’s: Apply
APA LO: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
73) Which of the following is true of the first month of
gestation?
1. A)
The embryo becomes a fetus by the third week of gestation.
2. B) By
the end of the first month, the fetus starts reacting to tactile stimulation.
3. C) In
this period, growth is more rapid than at any other time during life.
4. D)
Fetal sex can be determined at this point of prenatal development.
Answer: C
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Page Ref: 57
Topic: Human Development
Learning Objective: Summarize prenatal development.
Bloom’s: Understand
APA LO: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s
content domains
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
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