Juvenile Justice Robert Taylor 5th Edition- Test Bank
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Sample Test
Juvenile Justice, 5e (Taylor)
Chapter 3 Juvenile Crime, Criminals, and Victims
1) Accurate records concerning juveniles who commit delinquent
acts are sometimes difficult or impossible to obtain because of ________.
1. A)
confidentiality and sealing restrictions
2. B)
gag orders
3. C)
secrecy laws
4. D)
protection laws
5. E)
necessary laws
Answer: A
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2) Variables that are related to each other are called ________.
1. A)
independent variables
2. B)
dependent variables
3. C)
correlates
4. D)
causation variables
5. E)
risk factors
Answer: C
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3) Variables that, by their presence or absence, are correlated
with delinquency are called ________.
1. A)
critical variables
2. B)
risk factors
3. C)
dependent variables
4. D)
spurious variables
5. E)
determinate variables
Answer: B
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4) Variables that correlate with not committing delinquent acts
are called ________.
1. A)
aggravating variables
2. B)
mitigating variables
3. C)
risk factors
4. D)
protective factors
5. E)
crime prevention variables
Answer: D
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5) In the context of the three measures of juvenile crime, which
of the following is a strength of official statistics?
1. A)
They allow for trend analysis and comparisons over time.
2. B)
They accurately track the dark figure of crime.
3. C)
They provide the most accurate measure of juvenile crime.
4. D)
They include all juveniles who are processed informally.
5. E)
They provide an accurate measure of status offending victimless crimes
involving juveniles.
Answer: A
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6) According to the text, the most comprehensive official
measure of crime in the United States is ________.
1. A)
the Michigan State University Survey of Crime
2. B)
the Justice Department Crime Analysis
3. C)
the Uniform Crime Reports
4. D)
the Self-Report Study
5. E)
the News and World Report Study
Answer: C
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7) The Uniform Crime Report is compiled annually by the
________.
1. A)
Department of Homeland Land Security
2. B)
Justice Department
3. C)
Federal Bureau of Investigation
4. D)
Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences
5. E)
American Society of Criminology
Answer: C
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8) In the context of the three measures of juvenile crime, which
of the following is true of victimization surveys?
1. A)
They track the dark figure of crime.
2. B)
They require that the primary measures of victimization surveys be sent to
juveniles directly.
3. C)
They are filled out by juveniles who volunteer information about their criminal
and drug histories.
4. D)
They provide an accurate measure of juvenile crime.
5. E)
They provide the most accurate picture of police activity in juvenile justice.
Answer: A
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9) In the context of the three measures of juvenile crime, which
of the following is true of self-report surveys?
1. A)
They fail to provide insights into motivation, demographics, and correlates of
juvenile crime.
2. B)
They are a poor measure of status offending victimless crimes involving
juveniles.
3. C)
They are the most accurate measure of juvenile crime and offending.
4. D)
They are insusceptible to problems such as exaggeration and confusion over
definitions.
5. E)
They focus exclusively on certain types of youths, such as chronic truants and
serious habitual delinquents.
Answer: C
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10) Which of the following is not part of the Violent Crime Index?
1. A)
terrorism
2. B)
murder
3. C)
rape
4. D)
robbery
5. E)
aggravated assault
Answer: A
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11) The Denver Youth Survey was designed to assess the level and
correlates of juvenile crime, and the survey respondents were 1,527 children
and youth. Research conducted in the survey revealed that ________.
1. A)
the best predictor of victimization was being female
2. B)
most youths were both victims and perpetrators of crime
3. C)
less than one-third of the youths were chronic multiple victims
4. D) 20
to 35 percent of juveniles were victims of violent offenses or theft over a
five-year period (1987-91)
5. E)
about 60 percent of the youths were victims of serious violent offenses over a
five-year period (1987-91)
Answer: B
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12) The way in which the number of cases processed through the
juvenile justice system decreases at each successive step is called ________.
1. A)
diminishment
2. B)
reduction
3. C)
the liberal effect
4. D)
the shrinkage factor
5. E)
the funnel effect
Answer: E
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13) Which of the following terms is used to describe the number
of crimes that are committed but are undiscovered or unreported?
1. A)
misinformation
2. B)
missing information
3. C)
the dark figure of crime
4. D)
the mismeasurement of man
5. E)
the missing data
Answer: C
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14) Crimes in which victims are often willing participants, such
as prostitution or gambling, are known as ________.
1. A)
crimes of opportunity
2. B)
property crimes
3. C)
violent crimes
4. D)
victim-precipitated crimes
5. E)
victimless crimes
Answer: E
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15) An example of a victimless crime is ________.
1. A)
murder
2. B)
assault
3. C)
larceny
4. D)
auto theft
5. E)
prostitution
Answer: E
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16) The rule used in collecting data for the UCR that states
that only the most serious crime in any one criminal event will be counted is
called ________.
1. A)
the hierarchy rule
2. B)
the seriousness rule
3. C) the
common sense rule
4. D)
the most serious consequences rule
5. E)
the index of offenses rule
Answer: A
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17) A national survey of households on the subject of
victimization that is conducted by the Bureau of Justice Statistics is called
the ________.
1. A)
National Crime Study
2. B)
National Crime Victimization Survey
3. C)
National Gang Crime Research Center
4. D)
Uniform Crime Report
5. E)
Crime Census
Answer: B
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18) Which of the following statements is true of juvenile
victimization rates and trends?
1. A)
Sexual assaults make up nearly one-third of all pre-teen victimizations.
2. B)
Preteens are less likely to be victims of kidnapping and forcible sex than
older children.
3. C)
Juveniles ages 12 to 17 are less likely than adults to be robbery or aggravated
assault victims.
4. D)
Juveniles ages 12 to 17 are less likely than adults to be victims of nonfatal
violent crimes.
5. E)
Juveniles ages 12 to 17 are less likely than adults to be victims of simple
assault.
Answer: A
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19) In the context of biological and genetic risk and protective
factors, the most powerful predictors of individual violent criminality in
general are ________.
1. A)
age and gender
2. B) substance
abuse by parents and the ability to show empathy
3. C) IQ
and locus of control
4. D)
chronic pain and a congenital defect
5. E)
parenting and attachment styles
Answer: A
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20) The National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) conducted a
major study of frequent drug-abusing juveniles with a sample of 611 juveniles.
The study found that ________.
1. A)
the majority of the crimes committed by the juveniles were robberies and
assaults
2. B)
almost 95 percent of the juveniles used cocaine daily
3. C) 88
percent of the juveniles reported carrying a weapon most or all of the time
4. D)
less than 75 percent of the juveniles used marijuana three or more times a week
5. E)
about 30 percent of the crimes committed by the juveniles were drug transactions
of some type
Answer: C
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21) The National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) collects and
reports summary crime statistics (counts), whereas the Uniform Crime Reports
(UCR) provides data on criminal incidents (cases).
Answer: FALSE
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22) Juvenile arrest rates for violent crimes have declined from
2004 to 2006.
Answer: FALSE
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23) The Uniform Crime Report is compiled by the Department of
Homeland Security.
Answer: FALSE
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24) Juvenile arrest rates for property crimes rose substantially
from 2000 to 2006.
Answer: FALSE
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25) An example of a victimless crime is prostitution.
Answer: TRUE
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26) The “dark figure of crime” refers to the terrible effects of
crime on victims.
Answer: FALSE
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27) First-born children are less likely to be delinquent than
second- or later-born children in large families.
Answer: TRUE
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28) The larger the family size, the more likely it is that a
child in the family will be delinquent.
Answer: TRUE
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29) The Uniform Crime Report is a very accurate report of the
number of juvenile crimes in America.
Answer: FALSE
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30) The UCR uses a hierarchy rule that states that only the most
serious crime in any one criminal event will be counted when compiling data.
Answer: TRUE
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31) The term darkfigureofcrime refers
to the national drug problem.
Answer: FALSE
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32) The way in which the number of cases processed through the
juvenile justice system decreases at each successive step is called the funnel
effect.
Answer: TRUE
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33) Juveniles are responsible for most crimes in the United
States.
Answer: FALSE
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34) Weak school commitment by an adolescent and poor school
performance are related with increased involvement in delinquency and drug use.
Answer: TRUE
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35) Having peers who disapprove of delinquent behavior has not
been found to be a protective factor against delinquency.
Answer: FALSE
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36) The presence of a father in a home reduces the likelihood of
a delinquent son.
Answer: TRUE
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37) Risk factors put juveniles in greater risk of becoming
delinquent, whereas protective factors insulate a juvenile from becoming
delinquent.
Answer: TRUE
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38) Research shows that characteristics such as hyperactivity,
restlessness, risk-taking behavior, and aggressiveness are predictors of future
delinquency and drug use.
Answer: TRUE
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39) In the context of the social environment of juveniles,
having structured free time and being involved in extracurricular school
activities serve as protective factors in juvenile delinquency.
Answer: TRUE
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40) The Rochester Youth Study found that gang membership had a
strong impact on the incidence of violent behavior, even when other risk
factors such as poverty, prior involvement in violence, and association with
delinquent peers were constant.
Answer: TRUE
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41) What are the four crimes that are included in the Violent
Crime Index?
Answer: Answers will vary.
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42) What are the four crimes that are included in the Property
Crime Index?
Answer: Answers will vary.
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43) What is the Uniform Crime Report?
Answer: Answers will vary.
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44) How is the Uniform Crime Report compiled?
Answer: Answers will vary.
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45) What is the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency
Prevention?
Answer: Answers will vary.
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46) What is the “hierarchy rule”?
Answer: Answers will vary.
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47) How can a crime be victimless? Give some examples.
Answer: Answers will vary.
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48) What is NIBRS?
Answer: Answers will vary.
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49) What are the risk factors in juvenile delinquency?
Answer: Answers will vary.
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50) What are the protective factors in juvenile delinquency?
Answer: Answers will vary.
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51) Explain the overall trends in juvenile arrest rates over the
last 25 years.
Answer: Answers will vary.
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52) What are the strengths and weaknesses of self-report
statistics?
Answer: Answers will vary.
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53) What are the strengths and weaknesses of victimization
surveys?
Answer: Answers will vary.
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54) What are the six areas of risk and protective factors in
juvenile delinquency?
Answer: Answers will vary.
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55) The text offers five possible reasons for the lower levels
of juvenile crime since 1994. Explain each of these reasons.
Answer: Answers will vary.
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Juvenile Justice, 5e (Taylor)
Chapter 5 Social Structure, Social Process, and
Social Reaction Theories
1) Which of the following is a factor that influences
delinquency?
1. A)
family relationships
2. B)
association with delinquent peers
3. C)
lack of opportunity
4. D) All
of the answers are correct.
5. E)
None of the answers are correct.
Answer: D
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2) Which of the following theories seeks to explain delinquency
based on where it occurs?
1. A)
labeling theory
2. B)
age-graded theory
3. C) learning
theory
4. D)
ecological theory
5. E)
conflict theory
Answer: D
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3) Which of the following statements is true of life course
theories?
1. A)
They are concerned with the role that the government plays in creating an environment
conducive to crime.
2. B)
They focus on the development of criminal careers and the different influences
on individuals as they age.
3. C)
They emphasize that juveniles who are labeled delinquent or criminal will
eventually commit secondary delinquent acts to live up to the label.
4. D)
They state that the reaction to delinquency is what causes it in the future and
emphasize that system processing brings about continued delinquency.
5. E)
They examine the role that societal institutions, including the juvenile
justice system, play in perpetuating delinquent behavior.
Answer: B
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4) ________ examine the role that societal institutions,
including the juvenile justice system, play in perpetuating delinquent behavior.
1. A)
Social reaction theories
2. B)
Life course theories
3. C)
Social process theories
4. D)
Social structure theories
5. E)
Social detachment theories
Answer: A
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5) ________ focus on the relationship between socialization and
delinquency.
1. A)
Social reaction theories
2. B)
Life course theories
3. C)
Social process theories
4. D)
Social structure theories
5. E)
Social detachment theories
Answer: C
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