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Sample Test

InquiryIntoLife,16e,Mader

Chapter3CellStructureandFunction

 

1)Whichofthefollowingistrueconcerningthecelltheory?

A)MatthiasSchleidenstatedthatanimalsarecomposedofcells.

B)AntonvanLeeuwenhoekisrecognizedformakingsomeoftheearliestmicroscopes.

C)Hookeresearchedanimaltissuesanddiscoveredthattheywereallmadeofcells.

D)TheodorSchwanncametotheconclusionthatcellscomefrompreexistingcells.

E)Nooneknowswhofirstusedtheterm”cells.”

 

Answer:B

Explanation:ItistruethatAntonvanLeeuwenhoekisrecognizedformakingsomeoftheearliestmicroscopes.RobertHookewasthefirstscientisttousetheterm”cell.”MatthiasSchleidenstatedthatplantsarecomposedofcells.TheodorSchwannstatedthatanimalsarealsomadeupofcells.RudolfVirchowcametotheconclusionthatcellscomefrompreexistingcells.Theseobservationsbecamethebasisofthecelltheory,whichstatesthatallorganismsaremadeupofbasiclivingunitscalledcells,andthatallcellscomeonlyfrompreviouslyexistingcells.

Section:03.01

Topic:CellTheory

Bloom’s:2.Understand

Accessibility:KeyboardNavigation

LearningOutcome:03.01.02Listthebasicprinciplesofthecelltheory.

 

2)Accordingtothecelltheory

A)allorganismsarecomposedoftissues.

B)thesmallestunitoflifeisanucleus.

C)animalsbutnotplantsarecomposedofcells.

D)amulticellularorganismiscomposedofmanycells.

E)newcellsariseonlyfrompreexistingcells.

 

Answer:E

Explanation:Thecelltheorystatesthatallorganismsaremadeupofbasiclivingunitscalledcells,andthatallcellscomeonlyfrompreviouslyexistingcells.Whilemulticellularorganismsarecomposedofmanycells,thisisnotpartofcelltheory.Someorganismsaresinglecelled,thesmallestunitoflifeisacell,andbothanimalsandplantsarecomposedofcells.

Section:03.01

Topic:CellTheory

Bloom’s:1.Remember

Accessibility:KeyboardNavigation

LearningOutcome:03.01.02Listthebasicprinciplesofthecelltheory.

 

 

3)Considerthesetwoexamplesoftissues:

 

1.Thebodyofaslimemoldthatflowsoverarottenlogappearstolackanypartitioningintodistinctcells;however,itdoesbecomecellularwhenitchangesformandproducesspores.

 

2.Thesurfacesofparasiticflatwormsandsomeinsecttissuesare”syncytial”layersoflivingmaterialthatdevelopedfromasinglecellbutnowcontainmanynuclei,thoughtheylackpartitioningbycellmembranes.Thesetissuesactivelyconsumefoodandproducewastes.

 

Ifthecelltheorystatesthat”alllivingthingsarecomposedofcells,”then

A)neitherofthesearelivingtissuesbecausetheyviolatethecelltheory.

B)theseexamplesprovethatsomevitalforceisinvolved,beyondnormalcellstructures,togivelifetolivingorganisms.

C)thesetissuesareobviouslyabridgebetweennonlivingandprimitivelivingcells.

D)thegeneralconceptoflife-is-cellularstillholds,sincetheseorganismsstillutilizecellsatsometimeintheirlifecycles,thoughtheseexamplesshowthatcellmembranescanbeabandoned.

E)theseexamplesdemonstratethatcellmembranesareanecessityifacellistobeclassifiedas”living.”

 

Answer:D

Explanation:Theseorganismsarelivingandwereoncecomposedofcells,evenifthemembranesbetweencellshavebeendoneawaywith.Sincetheseorganismsexhibitothercharacteristicsoflivingcells,theycannotbeclassifiedasnonliving,nordotheyformabridgebetweennonlivingandlivingorganisms.Sincetheywereoncecells,noothervitalforceisimplicated.Sincethesecellsdonothavecompletecellmembranes,cellmembranesarenotanecessitytobeclassifiedas”living.”

Section:03.01

Topic:CellTheory

Bloom’s:5.Evaluate

Accessibility:KeyboardNavigation

LearningOutcome:03.01.02Listthebasicprinciplesofthecelltheory.

 

 

4)Thecelltheorystates

A)allorganismsarecomposedofonlyonecell.

B)organellesarethebasiclivingunitofstructureandfunctionoforganisms.

C)allorganismsarecomposedofcells.

D)allorganismsarecomposedofonlyonecellANDorganellesarethebasiclivingunitofstructureandfunctionoforganisms.

E)allmulticellularorganismsareunicellularatsomepointintheirlifecycle.

 

Answer:C

Explanation:Celltheorystatesthatallorganismsaremadeupofbasiclivingunitscalledcells,andthatallcellscomeonlyfrompreviouslyexistingcells.Manylivingorganismsaremulticellularandcells,notorganelles,arethebasiclivingunit.Whereasallmulticellularorganismsmaybeginasaunicellularorganismatsomepointintheirlifecycle,thisisnotpartofcelltheory.

Section:03.01

Topic:CellTheory

Bloom’s:1.Remember

Accessibility:KeyboardNavigation

LearningOutcome:03.01.02Listthebasicprinciplesofthecelltheory.

 

5)Surface-area-to-volumeratiosindicate

A)cellsmustexceedacertainminimumsize.

B)ascellsgetlarger,theirsurfaceareaactuallydecreases.

C)thatthelargestcellshavealessproportionateneedforfoodintakeandwasteremoval.

D)achickeneggisonecellwhichdemonstratestheupperlimitformetabolizingcellsize.

E)ascellsgetlarger,theirsurfaceareagetslargerbutataslowerratethanthevolumeincreases.

 

Answer:E

Explanation:Asacellincreasesinsize,thevolumeincreasesbythecubeofthesides,whilethesurfaceareaincreasesbythesquareofthesides.Therefore,thesurfaceareaincreasesbutataslowerratethanthevolumeincreases.Thereisnominimumcellsizeandlargecellsstillneedsurfaceareaforfoodintakeandwasteremoval.Achickeneggisonecell,butitisnotactivelymetabolizing.Itdividesintomanysmallercellsbeforeitbeginstometabolize.

Section:03.01

Topic:CellTheory

Bloom’s:2.Understand

Accessibility:KeyboardNavigation

LearningOutcome:03.01.03Explainthedifferencebetweenthesurface-area-to-volumeratiosforlargeandsmallcells.

 

 

6)Comparedwithaeukaryoticcell,aprokaryoticcell

A)lacksorganellesbeyondribosomes.

B)islarger.

C)doesnotrequireenergy.

D)isnotliving.

E)hasnomethodofmovement.

 

Answer:A

Explanation:Aprokaryoticcelllacksmembrane-boundedorganelles.Itdoeshaveribosomes.Prokaryoticcellsaresmallerthaneukaryoticcellsanddorequireenergy.Prokaryoticcellsarelivingandmanyhavemethodsofmovement.

Section:03.02

Topic:ProkaryoteStructure

Bloom’s:1.Remember

Accessibility:KeyboardNavigation

LearningOutcome:03.02.01Describethefundamentalcomponentsofabacterialcell.

 

7)Circulatingredbloodcellsinyourbodydonotcontainanucleusandotherorganelles.Arethesecellsliving?

A)Yes,becausetheyareactivelymetabolizingandoncecontainedorganelles.

B)Yes,becausetheyarecapableofmovingthroughoutthebodyinthecirculation.

C)No,becausetheydonotcontainanucleus,theycannotbeliving.

D)No,becauseredbloodcellsdonotactivelymetabolize.

E)No,becausetheyarenowonlypartofaoncelivingcell.

 

Answer:A

Explanation:Redbloodcellsarelivingbecausetheyactivelymetabolize.Theorganelleswerelostinthematurationprocessandthus,redbloodcellsarefairlyshortlived.Redbloodcellsdomovebutthatisnotwhytheyareconsideredliving.

Section:03.03

Topic:EukaryoteStructure

Bloom’s:3.Apply

Accessibility:KeyboardNavigation

LearningOutcome:03.03.02Identifythecellularstructuresuniquetobothplantandanimalcells.

 

 

8)Acompoundwouldmakeagoodantibioticifitaffectsastructureorprocessonlyfoundinbacterialcellsandnotinoureukaryoticcells.Whichofthefollowingactionswouldtheoreticallymakeagoodantibiotic?

A)preventsrepairofthepeptidoglycancellwall

B)damagesthenuclearmembrane

C)damagesDNA

D)preventsribosomesfromproducingproteins

E)stopscellularrespiration

 

Answer:A

Explanation:Onlyprokaryoticcellshaveapeptidoglycancellwall.Bothprokaryoticandeukaryoticcellshaveanuclearmembrane,DNA,ribosomes,andbothperformcellularrespiration.

Section:03.02

Topic:ProkaryoteStructure

Bloom’s:3.Apply

Accessibility:KeyboardNavigation

LearningOutcome:03.02.01Describethefundamentalcomponentsofabacterialcell.

 

9)Whichofthefollowingisaprokaryoticcell?

A)plantcell

B)livercell

C)musclecell

D)paramecium

E)bacterium

 

Answer:E

Explanation:Onlyabacteriumisaprokaryoticcell.Plants,animals(liverandmuscle),andparameciaarealleukaryotes.

Section:03.02

Topic:ProkaryoteStructure

Bloom’s:2.Understand

Accessibility:KeyboardNavigation

LearningOutcome:03.02.01Describethefundamentalcomponentsofabacterialcell.

 

 

10)Whichstructureregulatespassageofmoleculesintoandoutofthebacterialcell?

A)plasmamembrane

B)nucleus

C)mitochondria

D)chloroplast

E)flagella

 

Answer:A

Explanation:Theplasmamembraneistheboundarythatseparatesthelivingcontentsofthecellfromthenonlivingsurroundingenvironment.Nuclei,mitochondria,andchloroplastsareorganelleswithintheeukaryoticcell.Whileflagellaareonthesurfaceofthecell,theydonotregulatethepassageofmoleculesintoandoutofthecell.

Section:03.02

Topic:ProkaryoteStructure

Bloom’s:1.Remember

Accessibility:KeyboardNavigation

LearningOutcome:03.02.01Describethefundamentalcomponentsofabacterialcell.

 

11)Insomebacteria,theoutermostlayerisagelatinoussheathknownas

A)thenucleus.

B)thecapsule.

C)thecellwall.

D)thecellmembrane.

E)theDNA.

 

Answer:B

Explanation:Bacteriaareoftensurroundedbyagelatinouscapsuleorslimelayer.Thiscoversthecellwallwhichisoutsideofthecellmembrane.TheDNAisinternaltothecell.Prokaryotesdonothaveanucleus.

Section:03.02

Topic:ProkaryoteStructure

Bloom’s:2.Understand

Accessibility:KeyboardNavigation

LearningOutcome:03.02.01Describethefundamentalcomponentsofabacterialcell.

 

 

12)Whichofthefollowingcellorganellesisagoodtargetforantibacterialdrugs?

A)plasmamembrane

B)DNA

C)ribosomes

D)cytoplasm

E)endoplasmicreticulum

 

Answer:C

Explanation:Prokaryoticribosomesaresmallerandstructurallydifferentfromeukaryoticribosomessotheymakeagoodtargetforantibiotics.Theplasmamembrane,DNA,andcytoplasmofabacterialcellareverysimilartothatofaeukaryoticcell.Prokaryoticcellsdonothaveanendoplasmicreticulum.

Section:03.02

Topic:ProkaryoteStructure

Bloom’s:2.Understand

Accessibility:KeyboardNavigation

LearningOutcome:03.02.01Describethefundamentalcomponentsofabacterialcell.

 

13)AresearchersamplesthewatersoftheboilinghotspringsinYellowstoneNationalPark.Underthemicroscope,sheobserveswhatappeartobelivingcellsinthewater.Iftheseindeedarelivingcells,whichtypeofcellwouldtheymostlikelybe?

A)eukaryotic,animal

B)eukaryotic,plant

C)eukaryotic,fungi

D)prokaryotic,archaea

E)prokaryotic,bacteria

 

Answer:D

Explanation:Archaeaareabletoliveinwatertemperaturesaboveboiling.Noneoftheothercelltypesarecapableoflivinginsuchextremeconditions.

Section:03.02

Topic:ProkaryoteStructure

Bloom’s:2.Understand

Accessibility:KeyboardNavigation

LearningOutcome:03.02.02Identifythekeydifferencesbetweenarchaeaandbacteria.

 

 

14)Withineukaryoticcells,whichorganelleissurroundedbyadoublemembraneandcarriesthecodingthatdeterminesproteinsynthesis?

A)smoothendoplasmicreticulum

B)lysosome

C)nucleolus

D)nucleus

E)roughendoplasmicreticulum

 

Answer:D

Explanation:ThenucleusissurroundedbyadoublemembraneandcontainstheDNAwiththecodeforproteinsynthesis.NoneoftheotherorganelleslistedcontainDNAoraresurroundedbyadoublemembrane.

Section:03.03

Topic:EukaryoteStructure

Bloom’s:1.Remember

Accessibility:KeyboardNavigation

LearningOutcome:03.03.01Recognizethestructureandfunctionoftheorganelleswithineukaryoticcells.

 

15)Whichnuclearstructure(s)contain(s)thehereditarymaterial?

A)nuclearenvelope

B)chloroplasts

C)chromatin

D)nucleoplasm

E)mitochondria

 

Answer:C

Explanation:Chromatin,housedwithinthenucleus,iscomposedofDNAandproteinsandthuscontainsthehereditarystructure.Whilethenuclearenvelopeandnucleoplasmarepartofthenucleus,theydonotcontainDNA.Thechloroplastsandmitochondriaarenotlocatedwithinthenucleus.

Section:03.03

Topic:EukaryoteStructure

Bloom’s:1.Remember

Accessibility:KeyboardNavigation

LearningOutcome:03.03.01Recognizethestructureandfunctionoftheorganelleswithineukaryoticcells.

 

 

16)Thenucleolus

A)containsRNAandisfoundinthenucleus.

B)containspolysaccharidesandisfoundinthenucleus.

C)containsRNAandisfoundinthecytoplasm.

D)containsDNAandisfoundinthecytoplasm.

E)containsribosomesubunitsandisfoundinthecytoplasm.

 

Answer:A

Explanation:ThenucleoluscontainsribosomalRNAandisfoundinsidethenucleus.

Section:03.03

Topic:Organelles

Bloom’s:1.Remember

Accessibility:KeyboardNavigation

LearningOutcome:03.03.01Recognizethestructureandfunctionoftheorganelleswithineukaryoticcells.

 

17)Whichofthefollowingstructure(s)is/areonlyfoundinaplantcell?

A)centrioles

B)chloroplast

C)chromosomes

D)nucleus

E)lysosome

 

Answer:B

Explanation:Chloroplastsarefoundonlyinthecytoplasmofplantcellsandsomeprotists.Lysosomesandcentriolesarespecifictoanimalcells.Thenucleusandchromosomesarenotconsideredpartofthecytoplasm.

Section:03.03

Topic:Organelles

Bloom’s:1.Remember

Accessibility:KeyboardNavigation

LearningOutcome:03.03.02Identifythecellularstructuresuniquetobothplantandanimalcells.

 

 

18)Whichofthefollowingisthelargesteukaryoticorganelle?

A)ribosome

B)nucleus

C)lysosome

D)mitochondria

E)Golgiapparatus

 

Answer:B

Explanation:Thenucleusisthelargestoftheorganelleslistedhere.

Section:03.03

Topic:Organelles

Bloom’s:1.Remember

Accessibility:KeyboardNavigation

LearningOutcome:03.03.01Recognizethestructureandfunctionoftheorganelleswithineukaryoticcells.

 

19)Whatevidencewouldsuggestthatthefluidinthenucleusisdifferentfromthecytoplasm?

A)ThereisnopHdifferencebetweenthetwofluids.

B)Nucleoplasmflowsfreelybackandforthbetweenthenucleusandthecytoplasm.

C)Nuclearporesonlypermitpassageofcertainmoleculesintoandoutofthenucleus.

D)Lightmicroscopyrevealsnodifferencesbetweenthefluidwithinthenucleusandthefluidoutsideofthenucleus.

 

Answer:C

Explanation:Ifthecytoplasmandnucleoplasmfreelymixed,therewouldnotbedifferencesbetweenthemandasimilarpHsuggestssimilaritiesbetweenthetwofluids.Thenuclearporessuggestacompartmentalizationofthenucleoplasmfromthecytoplasmwhichallowsthetwotobedifferent.

Section:03.03

Topic:EukaryoteStructure

Bloom’s:4.Analyze

Accessibility:KeyboardNavigation

LearningOutcome:03.03.01Recognizethestructureandfunctionoftheorganelleswithineukaryoticcells.

 

 

20)RibosomalRNAisproducedinthe

A)nucleolus.

B)Golgiapparatus.

C)ribosomes.

D)roughendoplasmicreticulum.

E)smoothendoplasmicreticulum.

 

Answer:A

Explanation:RibosomalRNAismadewithinthenucleolus.RibosomescontainrRNAandtheroughendoplasmicreticulumcontainsribosomesbuttherRNAismadeinthosestructures,notintheGolgiapparatusorthesmoothER.

Section:03.03

Topic:Organelles

Bloom’s:1.Remember

Accessibility:KeyboardNavigation

LearningOutcome:03.03.01Recognizethestructureandfunctionoftheorganelleswithineukaryoticcells.

 

21)Ribosomesarecomposedof

A)DNAandRNA.

B)DNAandprotein.

C)onlyprotein.

D)RNAandprotein.

E)onlyDNA.

 

Answer:D

Explanation:RibosomesarecomposedofbothribosomalRNAandproteins.

Section:03.03

Topic:Organelles

Bloom’s:1.Remember

Accessibility:KeyboardNavigation

LearningOutcome:03.03.01Recognizethestructureandfunctionoftheorganelleswithineukaryoticcells.

 

 

22)Youareinvestigatingacellunderthemicroscopeandyourealizethecellismissingribosomes.Basedonwhatyouknowaboutribsomes,thecellwould

A)beunabletoformaspindleapparatus.

B)beunabletosynthesizeproteins.

C)beunabletorespire.

D)wouldhydrolyzetoomuchfat.

E)formextralysosomes.

 

Answer:B

Explanation:RibosomesareresponsibleforthesynthesisofproteinsusingmessengerRNAasatemplate.Soacellthatwaslackingribosomeswouldbeunabletomakeproteins.

Section:03.03

Topic:Organelles

Bloom’s:1.Remember

Accessibility:KeyboardNavigation

LearningOutcome:03.03.01Recognizethestructureandfunctionoftheorganelleswithineukaryoticcells.

 

23)Whichcellularstructureisresponsibleforpackagingmaterialswithinthecell?

A)mitochondria

B)chloroplasts

C)Golgiapparatus

D)ribosomes

E)lysosomes

 

Answer:C

Explanation:TheGolgiapparatuscollects,sorts,packages,anddistributesmaterialssuchasproteinsandlipids.Theotherorganellesareinvolvedindifferentfunctions.

Section:03.03

Topic:Organelles

Bloom’s:1.Remember

Accessibility:KeyboardNavigation

LearningOutcome:03.03.01Recognizethestructureandfunctionoftheorganelleswithineukaryoticcells.

 

 

24)Proteinsareprocessedandmodifiedintheinteriorofthe

A)mitochondria.

B)nucleus.

C)chloroplasts.

D)roughendoplasmicreticulum.

E)smoothendoplasmicreticulum.

 

Answer:D

Explanation:Theprocessingandmodificationofproteinsoccursintheinterioroftheroughendoplasmicreticulum(RER).Theotherorganellesareassociatedwithdifferentfunctions.

Section:03.03

Topic:Organelles

Bloom’s:1.Remember

Accessibility:KeyboardNavigation

LearningOutcome:03.03.01Recognizethestructureandfunctionoftheorganelleswithineukaryoticcells.

 

25)WhatevidencesuggeststhatproteinsaresynthesizedandmodifiedintheroughERasopposedtothesmoothER?

A)RibosomesareassociatedwiththesurfaceoftheroughER.

B)RibosomesareassociatedwiththesurfaceofthesmoothER.

C)ProteinscanbefoundinthemembraneoftheroughERbutnotthesmoothER.

D)ThesmoothERfunctionsinthesynthesisofphospholipids.

E)SmoothERiscontinuouswithroughER.

 

Answer:A

Explanation:SinceribosomesareassociatedwithproteinsynthesisandtheroughERisstuddedwithribosomes,thissuggestsalinkbetweenthese.ThesurfaceofthesmoothERisnotstuddedwithribosomes.TheotherstatementsaretruebutarenotevidencetosupporttheroleoftheroughERinproteinsynthesisandmodification.

Section:03.03

Topic:Organelles

Bloom’s:4.Analyze

Accessibility:KeyboardNavigation

LearningOutcome:03.03.01Recognizethestructureandfunctionoftheorganelleswithineukaryoticcells.

 

 

26)WhichofthefollowingwouldbeawayoffinishingthishypothesisaboutthefunctionoftheGolgiapparatus?IftheGolgiapparatusisinvolvedinpackagingproductsforsecretion,then

A)vesiclesmusttravelfromtheGolgitothecellsurface.

B)vesiclesmusttravelfromtheroughERandsmoothERtotheGolgiapparatus.

C)theGolgiapparatusmustbepartoftheendomembranesystem.

D)theGolgiapparatusmustconsistof3to20slightlycurvedsacs.

E)theGolgiapparatuswouldcontainproteins.

 

Answer:A

Explanation:Inordertobesecretory,vesiclesmusttravelfromtheGolgitothecellsurface.AlthoughvesiclesdotravelfromtheroughERandsmoothERtotheGolgiapparatus,thisdoesnotapplytosecretion,onlytointracellulartransport.TheGolgiapparatusispartoftheendomembranesystem,doesconsistof3–20slightlycurvedsacs,anddoescontainproteins,butnoneoftheseapplytoasecretoryfunction.

Section:03.03

Topic:Organelles

Bloom’s:5.Evaluate

Accessibility:KeyboardNavigation

LearningOutcome:03.03.01Recognizethestructureandfunctionoftheorganelleswithineukaryoticcells.

 

27)Ifanactivecellproducesanimportantproteinforsecretion,whatisthecorrectsequenceoforganellesthatareinvolvedintheproductionoftheprotein?

A)endoplasmicreticulum→ribosomes→Golgiapparatus

B)ribosomes→endoplasmicreticulum→Golgiapparatus

C)endoplasmicreticulum→Golgiapparatus→ribosomes

D)Golgiapparatus→endoplasmicreticulum→ribosomes

E)ribosomes→Golgiapparatus→endoplasmicreticulum

 

Answer:B

Explanation:Theproteinmustbemadeonribosomes,processedintheendoplasmicreticulum,andthenpackagedintovesiclessenttotheGolgiapparatus.

Section:03.03

Topic:Organelles

Bloom’s:2.Understand

Accessibility:KeyboardNavigation

LearningOutcome:03.03.01Recognizethestructureandfunctionoftheorganelleswithineukaryoticcells.

 

 

28)Tissuesthatproducelargeamountsofsecretions,suchasthegastricglandsofthestomach,containcellswithlargenumbersof

A)lysosomes.

B)nucleoli.

C)centrioles.

D)mitochondria.

E)Golgiapparatus.

 

Answer:E

Explanation:Golgiapparatiareinvolvedinthetransportationofproteins/lipidsforsecretion.Theotherorganellesareinvolvedwithdifferentfunctions.

Section:03.03

Topic:Organelles

Bloom’s:3.Apply

Accessibility:KeyboardNavigation

LearningOutcome:03.03.01Recognizethestructureandfunctionoftheorganelleswithineukaryoticcells.

 

29)TheGolgiapparatusdirectsitsproteinproductstothecorrectlocationinthecellbasedon

A)thespecificmoleculethatisaddedandthemoleculedeterminesthedestinationinoroutofthecell.

B)theDNAextendingitslongmolecularhelixtodirecttheproteinthroughtheGolgiapparatusandontothefinaldestination.

C)vesiclesthatconstantlyshuttlebackandforthfromthevariouscelldestinationsandthesevesiclesdeterminewhichproteinintheGolgiapparatustopickupanddeliver.

D)proteinsdriftingawayinalldirectionsandareonlyusedatthecellsitesthatneedthem.

E)howlongittakesthevesicletotravelfromtheendoplasmicreticulumtotheGolgi.

 

Answer:A

Explanation:ProteinsmadeintheroughERhavespecificmoleculartagsthatserveas”zipcodes”totelltheGolgiapparatuswheretosendthem.DNAdoesnotleavethenucleus.Vesiclesdonotmakethedetermination,eitherbypickingupparticularproteins,orbyhowlongtheytaketotravelfromtheERtotheGolgi.Proteinsarespecificallycarriedbyvesiclestotheirdestination.

Section:03.03

Topic:Organelles

Bloom’s:2.Understand

Accessibility:KeyboardNavigation

LearningOutcome:03.03.01Recognizethestructureandfunctionoftheorganelleswithineukaryoticcells.

 

 

30)Wherearepigmentsandtoxinsstoredinplantcells?

A)chloroplast

B)lysosomes

C)peroxisomes

D)vacuole

E)mitochondria

 

Answer:D

Explanation:Vacuolesstorewater,sugars,salts,pigments,andtoxicmolecules.Bothlysosomesandperoxisomesencloseenzymes.Mitochondriaandchloroplastsareinvolvedinenergyproduction.

Section:03.03

Topic:Organelles

Bloom’s:1.Remember

Accessibility:KeyboardNavigation

LearningOutcome:03.03.01Recognizethestructureandfunctionoftheorganelleswithineukaryoticcells.

 

31)Whenalysosomefuseswithavacuole,

A)theybothdisappear.

B)theybothreturntotheGolgiapparatus.

C)proteinsynthesisbegins.

D)divisionbegins.

E)itscontentsaredigested.

 

Answer:E

Explanation:Lysosomesarethe”garbagedisposals”ofthecellwhichdigestthecontentsofthevacuole.

Section:03.03

Topic:Organelles

Bloom’s:1.Remember

Accessibility:KeyboardNavigation

LearningOutcome:03.03.01Recognizethestructureandfunctionoftheorganelleswithineukaryoticcells.

 

 

32)Tay-Sachsisaseriouschildhoodmetabolicdisorderwhere________failtodigestcertainlipids.

A)lysosomes

B)nucleoli

C)mitochondria

D)Golgiapparatus

E)centrioles

 

Answer:A

Explanation:Tay-Sachsdiseaseresultsfromtheinabilitytomakealysosomalstorageenzyme.Theotherorganellesarenotinvolvedinthisdisease.

Section:03.03

Topic:Organelles

Bloom’s:1.Remember

Accessibility:KeyboardNavigation

LearningOutcome:03.03.01Recognizethestructureandfunctionoftheorganelleswithineukaryoticcells.

 

33)WhichorganelleprimarilyfunctionstopackageorregulatetheproductionofH2O2?

A)lysosome

B)vacuole

C)Golgiapparatus

D)endoplasmicreticulum

E)peroxisome

 

Answer:E

Explanation:Theperoxisomecontainsenzymesthatbreakdownhydrogenperoxide,atoxicmolecule.Theotherorganellesarenotinvolvedinthisprocess.

Section:03.03

Topic:Organelles

Bloom’s:1.Remember

Accessibility:KeyboardNavigation

LearningOutcome:03.03.01Recognizethestructureandfunctionoftheorganelleswithineukaryoticcells.

 

 

34)Whichofthefollowingwouldbeafunctionoftheperoxisomes?

A)breakdowncarbohydratesintheliver

B)breakdownredbloodcellsinthespleen

C)helpgerminatingseedsconvertfattyacidsintomoleculesthatcanbeconvertedtosugars

D)storetoxicmaterialsinthecell

E)metabolizeproteinsduringcellularrespiration

 

Answer:C

Explanation:Theperoxisomesbreakdownfattyacidsprimarilyintheliver.Theydonotstoretoxicmaterials,breakdownredbloodcells,ormetabolizeproteins.Peroxisomesdohelpgerminatingseedsconvertfattyacidsintomoleculesthatcanbeconvertedtosugars.

Section:03.03

Topic:Organelles

Bloom’s:2.Understand

Accessibility:KeyboardNavigation

LearningOutcome:03.03.01Recognizethestructureandfunctionoftheorganelleswithineukaryoticcells.

 

35)Cellularrespirationismostcloselyassociatedwiththe

A)Golgiapparatus.

B)ribosome.

C)mitochondrion.

D)chloroplast.

E)microtubule.

 

Answer:C

Explanation:Cellularrespirationoccurswithinmitochondria.Theotherorganelleshavedifferentfunctions.

Section:03.03

Topic:Organelles

Bloom’s:1.Remember

Accessibility:KeyboardNavigation

LearningOutcome:03.03.01Recognizethestructureandfunctionoftheorganelleswithineukaryoticcells.

 

 

36)Bothplantandanimalcellshavemitochondriabecausetheyboth

A)carryonphotosynthesis.

B)havealargecentralvacuole.

C)haveendoplasmicreticulum.

D)needATPforenergy.

E)havelysosomalhydrolyticenzymes.

 

Answer:D

Explanation:MitochondriaprovideATPforenergyfromglucose;therefore,bothplantandanimalcellsneedthem.Mitochondriadonotcarryouttheotherfunctionslisted.

Section:03.03

Topic:Organelles

Bloom’s:2.Understand

Accessibility:KeyboardNavigation

LearningOutcome:03.03.02Identifythecellularstructuresuniquetobothplantandanimalcells.

 

37)The”powerhouse”ofthecellisthe

A)chloroplast.

B)mitochondrion.

C)Golgiapparatus.

D)ribosome.

E)centriole.

 

Answer:B

Explanation:MitochondriaprovideenergyforthecellintheformofATPsotheyareconsideredthe”powerhouse”ofthecell.Theotherorganellescarryoutotherfunctions.

Section:03.03

Topic:Organelles

Bloom’s:1.Remember

Accessibility:KeyboardNavigation

LearningOutcome:03.03.01Recognizethestructureandfunctionoftheorganelleswithineukaryoticcells.

 

38)Sinceallorganismscarryoncellularrespiration,alllivingcellsmustcontainmitochondria.

 

Answer:FALSE

Explanation:Prokaryoticcellscarryoutcellularrespirationbuttheydonotcontainmitochondria.Theelementsoftherespiratorypathwayarepresentintheplasmamembrane.

Section:03.03

Topic:Organelles

Bloom’s:2.Understand

Accessibility:KeyboardNavigation

LearningOutcome:03.03.01Recognizethestructureandfunctionoftheorganelleswithineukaryoticcells.

 

 

39)Whichorganellewilltakeincarbondioxideandgiveoffoxygenandwater?

A)lysosome

B)Golgiapparatus

C)mitochondrion

D)chloroplast

E)endoplasmicreticulum

 

Answer:D

Explanation:Carbondioxideisusedupandoxygenandwateraregivenoffduringphotosynthesis.Chloroplastscarryoutphotosynthesis.Theotherorganelleshaveotherfunctions.

Section:03.03

Topic:Organelles

Bloom’s:2.Understand

Accessibility:KeyboardNavigation

LearningOutcome:03.03.03Distinguishbetweentherolesofthechloroplastandmitochondriainacell.

 

40)Inplants,chloroplastsarenecessaryfor

A)respiration.

B)secretion.

C)photosynthesis.

D)storage.

E)cellmovement.

 

Answer:C

Explanation:Chloroplastscarryoutphotosynthesisforplantcells.

Section:03.03

Topic:Organelles

Bloom’s:1.Remember

Accessibility:KeyboardNavigation

LearningOutcome:03.03.03Distinguishbetweentherolesofthechloroplastandmitochondriainacell.

 

 

41)Whichoftheseisuniquetoplantcells?

A)nucleus

B)centrioles

C)cellmembrane

D)Golgiapparatus

E)chloroplasts

 

Answer:E

Explanation:Plantshavechloroplastsbutanimalcellsdonot.Bothplantandanimalcellshaveacellmembrane,Golgiapparatus,andnucleus.Onlyanimalcellshavecentrioles.

Section:03.03

Topic:Organelles

Bloom’s:1.Remember

Accessibility:KeyboardNavigation

LearningOutcome:03.03.02Identifythecellularstructuresuniquetobothplantandanimalcells.

 

42)Duringphotosynthesis,solarenergyisconvertedtochemicalenergybythechloroplasts.Theprocessisrepresentedby

A)carbohydrate+oxygen→carbondioxide+water+energy.

B)carbohydrate+carbondioxide→oxygen+water+energy.

C)solarenergy+oxygen+water→carbohydrate+oxygen.

D)solarenergy+carbondioxide+water→carbohydrate+oxygen.

E)solarenergy→carbohydrate+oxygen.

 

Answer:D

Explanation:Theformulaforphotosynthesisis:solarenergy+carbondioxide+watergoestocarbohydrate+oxygen.Thisprocessoccursinthechloroplast.

Section:03.03

Topic:Organelles

Bloom’s:1.Remember

Accessibility:KeyboardNavigation

LearningOutcome:03.03.02Identifythecellularstructuresuniquetobothplantandanimalcells.

 

 

43)Thylakoidsandcristaeare,respectively,structuresof

A)lysosomesandtheendoplasmicreticulum.

B)thenucleusandnucleolus.

C)chloroplastsandmitochondria.

D)mitochondriaandchloroplasts.

E)thecellwallandtheplasmamembrane.

 

Answer:C

Explanation:​Thylakoidsarefoundinchloroplasts,whilecristaearefoundinmitochondria.

Section:03.03

Topic:Organelles

Bloom’s:1.Remember

Accessibility:KeyboardNavigation

LearningOutcome:03.03.03Distinguishbetweentherolesofthechloroplastandmitochondriainacell.

 

44)Whichorganellewillgiveoffoxygenanduseupcarbondioxideinplants?

A)Golgiapparatus

B)roughendoplasmicreticulum

C)lysosome

D)mitochondrion

E)chloroplast

 

Answer:E

Explanation:Chloroplastsgiveoffoxygenanduseupcarbondioxideduringphotosynthesis.Mitochondriawillgiveoffcarbondioxideanduseupoxygenduringrespiration.Theotherorganelleshavedifferentfunctions.

Section:03.03

Topic:Organelles

Bloom’s:2.Understand

Accessibility:KeyboardNavigation

LearningOutcome:03.03.03Distinguishbetweentherolesofthechloroplastandmitochondriainacell.

 

 

45)Mitochondriaareboundedbyadoublemembrane.Theinner-filledspaceiscalledthematrix,whichcontains________thatbreakdowncarbohydrateproducts,releasing________tobeusedforATPproduction.

A)DNA/energy

B)ribosomes/carbondioxide

C)RNA/energy

D)enzymes/energy

 

Answer:D

Explanation:Thematrixofmitochondriacontainsenzymesthatbreakdowncarbohydrates,releasingenergythatisusedtosynthesizeATP.AlthoughmitochondriacontainDNA,RNA,andribosomes,thesedonotbreakdowncarbohydrates.

Section:03.03

Topic:Organelles

Bloom’s:2.Understand

Accessibility:KeyboardNavigation

LearningOutcome:03.03.03Distinguishbetweentherolesofthechloroplastandmitochondriainacell.

 

46)Whichofthefollowingwouldbeconsideredevidencethatchloroplastsareinvolvedinphotosynthesis?

A)Isolatedchloroplastsgiveoffoxygenwhenexposedtosunlight.

B)Plantsthataregreencontainchloroplasts.

C)Bothplantsandalgaehavechloroplasts.

D)Plantshavebothchloroplastsandmitochondria.

E)Chloroplastscontainthylakoidswhicharestackedinstructurescalledgrana.

 

Answer:A

Explanation:Whileallofthestatementsaretrue,onlythestatementthatisolatedchloroplastsgiveoffoxygenwhenexposedtosunlightappliestophotosynthesis.Inphotosynthesis,solarenergyresultsinphotosynthesis,whichgivesoffoxygen.

Section:03.03

Topic:Organelles

Bloom’s:4.Analyze

Accessibility:KeyboardNavigation

LearningOutcome:03.03.03Distinguishbetweentherolesofthechloroplastandmitochondriainacell.

 

 

47)Sincecyanobacteriadonotcontainchloroplastsandyettheyphotosynthesize,chloroplastsarenotrequiredforphotosynthesis.

 

Answer:TRUE

Explanation:Cyanobacteriahavethylakoidsbutlackchloroplasts.Sincecyanobacteriaarecapableofphotosynthesis,thisshowsusthatchloroplastsarenotrequiredforphotosynthesis.

Section:03.02

Topic:ProkaryoteStructure

Bloom’s:4.Analyze

Accessibility:KeyboardNavigation

LearningOutcome:03.02.01Describethefundamentalcomponentsofabacterialcell.

 

48)Inapersonwithadiseaseinwhichthemitochondriadonotproduceenoughenergyforthecell,whichorganswouldbethemostseverelyaffected?

A)muscles

B)liver

C)skin

D)stomach

E)ovaries/testes

 

Answer:A

Explanation:Highenergydemandtissuesincludemuscles,thecentralnervoussystem,andtheeye.Althoughtheotherorganswouldbeaffected,thehighenergydemandtissueswouldbemostnoticeablyaffected.

Section:03.03

Topic:Organelles

Bloom’s:3.Apply

Accessibility:KeyboardNavigation

LearningOutcome:03.03.03Distinguishbetweentherolesofthechloroplastandmitochondriainacell.

 

49)Brock’sfatherhasinheritedamitochondrialdisease.IsBrockindangerofalsohavingthisdisease?

A)Yes

B)No

 

Answer:B

Explanation:Mitochondriaareinheritedfrommothertochild.Therefore,Brockisnotindangerofinheritingthisdiseasesincehisfather,andnothismother,carriesthedisease.

Section:03.03

Topic:Organelles

Bloom’s:2.Understand

Accessibility:KeyboardNavigation

LearningOutcome:03.03.03Distinguishbetweentherolesofthechloroplastandmitochondriainacell.

 

 

50)Whichofthefollowingisafunctionofthecytoskeleton?

A)digestwornoutcellparts

B)anchorsorganellesinplacewithinacell

C)directsthesynthesisofproteins

D)storescalciuminmuscletissue

E)preparesproteinsforexportoutofthecell

 

Answer:B

Explanation:Thecytoskeletonhasmanyfunctionsincludinganchoringtheorganellesinplace.Lysosomesdigestworn-outcellparts,DNAcontainstherecipesforproteinswhicharemadebytheribosomes.ThesmoothERstorescalciuminmuscletissueandtheGolgipreparesproteinsforexportoutofthecell.

Section:03.04

Topic:Cytoskeleton

Bloom’s:2.Understand

Accessibility:KeyboardNavigation

LearningOutcome:03.04.01Compareandcontrastthestructuraldifferencesbetweenactinfilaments,intermediatefilaments,andmicrotubules.

 

51)Whenviewedthroughamicroscope,onecharacteristicoflivingcellsisthattheirinternalstructuresmove.Whichtwoorganellesaremostdirectlyresponsibleforthismotionwesee?

A)cellmembraneandnucleus

B)ribosomesandendoplasmicreticulum

C)centriolesandcellwall

D)mitochondriaandcytoskeleton

E)chloroplastsandlysosomes

 

Answer:D

Explanation:Mitochondriaprovidetheenergyfororganellemovement,whilethecytoskeletonprovidesthestructuresneededformovement.Theotherorganellesareinvolvedindifferentfunctions.

Section:03.04

Topic:Cytoskeleton

Bloom’s:2.Understand

Accessibility:KeyboardNavigation

LearningOutcome:03.04.01Compareandcontrastthestructuraldifferencesbetweenactinfilaments,intermediatefilaments,andmicrotubules.

 

 

52)Microtubules

A)arecomposedmostlyoflipid.

B)formaspindlethatdistributeschromosomesinanorderlymanner.

C)maybeassociatedwithmetabolism.

D)arefoundinthenucleus.

E)arecomposedofactin.

 

Answer:B

Explanation:Thefunctionofmicrotubulesistoformaspindlethatdistributeschromosomesinanorderlymanner.Theyarecomposedoftheproteintubulinandarefoundthroughoutthecytoplasm.

Section:03.04

Topic:Cytoskeleton

Bloom’s:1.Remember

Accessibility:KeyboardNavigation

LearningOutcome:03.04.01Compareandcontrastthestructuraldifferencesbetweenactinfilaments,intermediatefilaments,andmicrotubules.

 

53)Whichorganellehas13rowsoftubulindimersaroundanemptycentralcore?

A)flagella

B)microtubules

C)actinfilaments

D)intermediatefilaments

E)cilia

 

Answer:B

Explanation:Microtubulesarecomposedof13rowsoftubulindimers,surroundingwhatappearsinelectronmicrographstobeanemptycentralcore.

Section:03.04

Topic:Cytoskeleton

Bloom’s:1.Remember

Accessibility:KeyboardNavigation

LearningOutcome:03.04.01Compareandcontrastthestructuraldifferencesbetweenactinfilaments,intermediatefilaments,andmicrotubules.

 

 

54)Inacertaingroupofpeople,malesaremoresubjecttorespiratoryinfectionsandaresterile.Themostlikelyexplanationforthisdiseaseismalfunctioning

A)lysosomes.

B)intermediatefilaments.

C)actinfilaments.

D)roughendoplasmicreticulum.

E)ciliaandflagella.

 

Answer:E

Explanation:Therespiratorysystemusesciliatokeepthepassagewaysclearwhilespermuseflagellatoswim.Thereismostlikelyaproblemwithmicrotubuleformation.

Section:03.04

Topic:Cytoskeleton

Bloom’s:3.Apply

Accessibility:KeyboardNavigation

LearningOutcome:03.04.03Explainthepurposeofcilia,flagella,andcentrosomesinthecell.

 

55)Centrioles

A)consistofa9+2pattern.

B)areshortcylindersofmicrotubulessurroundingahollowcenter.

C)carryoncellularrespiration.

D)arefoundinplantcells.

E)arecomposedofactin.

 

Answer:B

Explanation:Centriolesareshortcylindersofmicrotubulessurroundingahollowcenter.Theyarenotfoundinplantcellsandarenotcomposedofactin.Theyarepartofthecytoskeleton.

Section:03.04

Topic:Cytoskeleton

Bloom’s:1.Remember

Accessibility:KeyboardNavigation

LearningOutcome:03.04.02Identifythecellularstructuresthatarecomposedofthedifferentcytoskeletoncomponents.

 

 

56)Whichorganelleshavea9+2patternofmicrotubules?

A)ciliaandcentrioles

B)ciliaandflagella

C)centriolesandflagella

D)chloroplastsandmitochondria

E)mitochondriaandcentrioles

 

Answer:B

Explanation:Bothciliaandflagellahavea9+2patternofmicrotubules.

Section:03.04

Topic:Cytoskeleton

Bloom’s:1.Remember

Accessibility:KeyboardNavigation

LearningOutcome:03.04.02Identifythecellularstructuresthatarecomposedofthedifferentcytoskeletoncomponents.

 

57)Kinesinanddyneinareassociatedwith

A)microtubules.

B)actinfilaments.

C)Golgiapparatus.

D)intermediatefilaments.

E)endoplasmicreticulum.

 

Answer:A

Explanation:Kinesinanddyneinaremotormoleculesassociatedwithmicrotubules.

Section:03.04

Topic:Cytoskeleton

Bloom’s:1.Remember

Accessibility:KeyboardNavigation

LearningOutcome:03.04.01Compareandcontrastthestructuraldifferencesbetweenactinfilaments,intermediatefilaments,andmicrotubules.

 

 

58)Whichoftheseismismatched?

A)cilia-microtubules

B)centrioles-spindle

C)mitochondria-stroma

D)lysosomes-hydrolyticenzymes

E)ribosomes-RNA

 

Answer:C

Explanation:Mitochondriacontainamatrix,notastroma.Astromaisfoundwithinchloroplasts.

Section:03.03

Topic:Organelles

Bloom’s:4.Analyze

Accessibility:KeyboardNavigation

LearningOutcome:03.03.01Recognizethestructureandfunctionoftheorganelleswithineukaryoticcells.

 

59)Whichofthefollowingisacorrectassociationofcellorganellesandfunction?

A)lysosome-anchoringcellorganelles

B)mitochondrion-photosynthesis

C)nucleolus-storageofDNA

D)cellwall-regulatemoleculepassageinandoutofanimalcells

E)vacuole-storageofchemicals

 

Answer:E

Explanation:Vacuoleshavemanyfunctionsincellsincludingthestorageofchemicals.Thecellmembrane,notthecellwall,regulatesthepassageofmoleculesinandoutofanimalcells.Thenucleolusproducesribosomes,themitochondriaareresponsibleforcellularrespirationandlysosomescontainsenzymesforintracellulardigestion.

Section:03.03

Topic:EukaryoteStructure

Bloom’s:2.Understand

Accessibility:KeyboardNavigation

LearningOutcome:03.03.01Recognizethestructureandfunctionoftheorganelleswithineukaryoticcells.