Human Anatomy 9Th Edition By Martini – Test bank
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Sample Test
Human Anatomy, 9e (Martini)
Chapter 3 Foundations: Tissues and Early Embryology
3.1 Multiple Choice Questions
1) Which of the following is NOT a primary tissue type?
1. A)
Epithelial
2. B)
Connective
3. C) Muscle
4. D)
Neural
5. E)
None of the answers are correct.
Answer: E
Learning Outcome: 3.1
Bloom’s Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
2) Which of the following is the study of tissues and groups of
specialized cells and cell products that work together to perform specific
functions?
1. A)
cytology
2. B)
anatomy
3. C)
histology
4. D)
physiology
5. E)
embryology
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 3.1
Bloom’s Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
3) In epithelial tissues ________.
1. A)
cells that are damaged or lost at the surface cannot be replaced
2. B)
cells obtain nutrients via blood vessels found in the tissues
3. C)
extracellular fluid or fibers separate the individual cells
4. D)
there is little or no intercellular space between the cells
5. E)
the organelles and other cytoplasmic components are evenly distributed between
the exposed and attached surfaces of the epithelial cells
Answer: D
Learning Outcome: 3.1
Bloom’s Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
4) Which feature(s) provides great strength and stability to
epithelia?
1. A)
intercellular cement
2. B)
cell adhesion molecules (CAMs)
3. C)
cell junctions
4. D)
physical interlocking
5. E)
All of the answers are correct.
Answer: E
Learning Outcome: 3.1
Bloom’s Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
5) Which epithelial feature, dominated by glycoproteins,
proteoglycans, and a network of fine microfilaments, functions in providing a
barrier that restricts the movement of proteins and other large molecules from
the underlying connective tissue?
1. A)
basolateral surface
2. B)
apical surface
3. C)
reticular lamina
4. D)
intercellular connections
5. E)
basal lamina
Answer: E
Learning Outcome: 3.1
Bloom’s Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
6) Which type of epithelium is found in portions of the
respiratory tract and includes a mixture of cell types whose nuclei are
situated at varying distances from the surface?
1. A)
simple squamous
2. B)
simple cuboidal
3. C)
stratified columnar
4. D)
stratified cuboidal
5. E)
pseudostratified columnar
Answer: E
Learning Outcome: 3.1
Bloom’s Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
7) Which of the following exclusively describes stratified
epithelia?
1. A)
They consist of a single cell layer.
2. B)
They always have a free surface exposed to some inner chamber or passageway.
3. C)
They are avascular.
4. D)
They cover surfaces subjected to mechanical and chemical stress.
5. E)
None of the answers are correct.
Answer: D
Learning Outcome: 3.1
Bloom’s Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
8) The presence of large numbers of microvilli on the exposed
surfaces of epithelial cells indicates that ________.
1. A) it
is an area where absorption and secretion occur
2. B)
these cells provide energy for transport activities
3. C)
these cells are probably located along portions of the respiratory tract from
the lungs toward the throat
4. D)
All of the answers are correct.
5. E)
None of the answers are correct.
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 3.1
Bloom’s Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
9) Stereocilia are described by which of the following?
1. A)
present in the epithelium of the female reproductive tract
2. B)
very short microvilli
3. C)
present on receptor cells of the inner ear
4. D)
manufactured by the Golgi apparatus
5. E)
All of the answers are correct.
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 3.1
Bloom’s Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
10) Which type of epithelium is present where easy exchange of
materials out of the blood is most important, such as that in the lining of the
heart and all blood vessels?
1. A)
stratified squamous
2. B)
stratified columnar
3. C)
simple cuboidal
4. D)
endothelium
5. E) simple
columnar
Answer: D
Learning Outcome: 3.1
Bloom’s Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
11) Epithelial cells usually have ________.
1. A) a
basal lamina
2. B)
unevenly distributed organelles
3. C)
apical and basolateral plasma membranes with different associated proteins and
functions
4. D) an
exposed apical surface
5. E)
All of the answers are correct.
Answer: E
Learning Outcome: 3.1
Bloom’s Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
12) What type of epithelium makes up the endothelium of blood vessels?
1. A)
simple squamous
2. B)
stratified cuboidal
3. C)
transitional
4. D)
simple columnar
5. E)
pseudostratified columnar
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 3.1
Bloom’s Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
13) Eccrine or merocrine sweat glands are classified as which of
the following?
1. A)
simple alveolar
2. B)
simple tubular
3. C)
simple coiled tubular
4. D)
simple branched alveolar
5. E)
simple branched tubular
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 3.1
Bloom’s Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
14) Which of the following terms means two or more layers?
1. A)
pseudostratified
2. B)
columnar
3. C)
stratified
4. D)
cuboidal
5. E)
simple
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 3.1
Bloom’s Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
15) What type of epithelium comprises the inner lining of the
ventral body cavity?
1. A)
simple squamous epithelium
2. B)
stratified epithelium
3. C)
columnar epithelium
4. D)
mesothelium
5. E)
endothelium
Answer: D
Learning Outcome: 3.1
Bloom’s Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
16) Which type of epithelium lines the renal pelvis, ureters,
and urinary bladder?
1. A)
cuboidal
2. B)
columnar
3. C)
transitional
4. D)
squamous
5. E)
glandular
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 3.1
Bloom’s Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
17) The epithelium lining the small intestine of the digestive
tract is ________.
1. A)
stratified squamous
2. B)
simple columnar
3. C)
stratified columnar
4. D)
simple squamous
5. E)
None of the answers are correct.
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 3.1
Bloom’s Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
18) Hormones are examples of ________ secretion.
1. A)
exocrine
2. B)
endocrine
3. C)
holocrine
4. D)
merocrine
5. E)
apocrine
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 3.1
Bloom’s Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
19) What is the simplest multicellular exocrine gland called?
1. A) tubular
glands
2. B)
secretory sheet
3. C)
acinar glands
4. D)
alveolar glands
5. E)
simple coiled tubular
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 3.1
Bloom’s Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
20) Unicellular exocrine glands are ________.
1. A)
mixed exocrine glands
2. B) connected
to a surface by ducts
3. C)
also called goblet cells
4. D)
arranged in a secretory sheet
5. E)
None of the answers are correct.
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 3.1
Bloom’s Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
21) Exocrine glands, which secrete a watery solution that
usually contains enzymes are called ________.
1. A)
mucous glands
2. B)
endocrine glands
3. C)
serous glands
4. D)
mixed exocrine glands
5. E)
None of the answers are correct.
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 3.1
Bloom’s Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
22) An epithelium always has an exposed surface, which is
referred to as the ________ surface.
1. A)
basal
2. B)
lateral
3. C)
apical
4. D)
intercellular
5. E)
basolateral
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 3.1
Bloom’s Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
23) Epithelia ________.
1. A)
provide sensation
2. B)
control permeability
3. C)
protect surfaces
4. D)
produce specialized secretions
5. E)
All of the answers are correct.
Answer: E
Learning Outcome: 3.1
Bloom’s Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
24) The ________ is a complex structure produced by the
epithelium and cells of the underlying connective tissue.
1. A)
apical surface
2. B)
basement membrane
3. C)
ciliated epithelium
4. D)
microvillus
5. E)
stereocilium
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 3.1
Bloom’s Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
25) ________ epithelia are quite rare; they are found lining the
ducts of sweat glands and in larger ducts of some other exocrine glands, such
as mammary glands.
1. A)
Simple cuboidal
2. B) Simple
squamous
3. C)
Stratified columnar
4. D)
Stratified cuboidal
5. E)
Stratified squamous
Answer: D
Learning Outcome: 3.1
Bloom’s Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
26) ________ epithelium is the most delicate type in the body.
1. A)
Simple squamous
2. B) Simple
cuboidal
3. C)
Simple columnar
4. D)
Pseudostratified columnar
5. E)
Transitional
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 3.1
Bloom’s Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
27) A transitional epithelium ________.
1. A)
provides specialized protection along the pharynx, urethra, and anus
2. B) is
a simple epithelium whose exposed epithelial cells typically possess cilia
3. C) is
usually found where mechanical stresses are severe
4. D)
provides limited protection and occurs in regions where absorption and
secretion occur
5. E)
has a special characteristic that allows for considerable distention of the
epithelium without damaging the component cells
Answer: E
Learning Outcome: 3.1
Bloom’s Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
28) Functions of connective tissue include ________.
1. A)
establishing a structural framework for the body
2. B)
transporting fluid and dissolved materials from one body region to another
3. C)
protecting delicate organs
4. D)
supporting, surrounding, and interconnecting other tissue types
5. E)
All of the answers are correct.
Answer: E
Learning Outcome: 3.2
Bloom’s Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
29) Which of the following cells can be found in connective
tissue?
1. A)
mesenchymal cells
2. B)
fibroblasts
3. C)
eosinophils
4. D)
mast cells
5. E)
All of the answers are correct.
Answer: E
Learning Outcome: 3.2
Bloom’s Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
30) Loose connective tissue proper contains ________.
1. A)
fixed and wandering cells
2. B) a
tight framework
3. C)
parallel, packed fibers
4. D) a
solid ground substance
5. E)
only elastic fibers
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 3.2
Bloom’s Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
31) Most energy storage in the body is accomplished by which of
the following cells?
1. A)
adipocytes
2. B)
melanocytes
3. C) macrophages
4. D)
fibroblasts
5. E)
lymphocytes
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 3.2
Bloom’s Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
32) Small, mobile connective tissue cells that release chemicals
(after injury or infection), which stimulate the inflammatory response, are
known as ________.
1. A)
lymphocytes
2. B)
adipocytes
3. C)
microphages
4. D)
free macrophages
5. E)
mast cells
Answer: E
Learning Outcome: 3.2
Bloom’s Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
33) The type of cartilage that is specialized to resist compression
is ________.
1. A)
osteocartilage
2. B)
fibrous cartilage
3. C)
elastic cartilage
4. D)
hyaline cartilage
5. E)
All of the answers are correct.
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 3.2
Bloom’s Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
34) Almost all bone surfaces are covered by ________.
1. A)
stratified squamous epithelial tissue
2. B)
hyaline cartilage
3. C)
loose connective tissue
4. D)
lacunae
5. E)
periosteum
Answer: E
Learning Outcome: 3.2
Bloom’s Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
35) Which of the following comprises a list of the most closely
related connective tissue types?
1. A)
adipose tissue, tendon, blood, lymph, bone
2. B)
elastic cartilage, fibrocartilage, skin
3. C)
tendon, blood, lymph, reticular tissue
4. D)
areolar tissue, tendon, bone, cartilage
5. E)
reticular tissue, areolar, adipose tissue
Answer: E
Learning Outcome: 3.2
Bloom’s Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
36) Extracellular fibers and ________ comprise the matrix that
surrounds the cells of a connective tissue.
1. A)
melanocytes
2. B)
ground substance
3. C)
fibroblasts
4. D)
mesenchymal cells
5. E)
neutrophils and eosinophils
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 3.2
Bloom’s Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
37) The connective tissue type that has a distinctive population
of cells suspended in a fluid matrix is called ________.
1. A)
cartilage
2. B)
reticular tissue
3. C)
blood
4. D)
lymph
5. E)
osseous tissue
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 3.2
Bloom’s Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
38) Liposuction is a surgical procedure for reducing
subcutaneous ________ tissue.
1. A)
adipose
2. B)
areolar connective
3. C)
reticular
4. D)
fibrous cartilage
5. E)
dense regular connective
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 3.2
Bloom’s Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
39) The relatively few ________ residing in connective tissues
engulf damaged or dead cells or invading pathogens, and release chemicals that
attract many more cells to activate the immune system.
1. A)
mast cells
2. B)
mesenchymal cells
3. C)
fibrocytes
4. D)
fixed macrophages
5. E)
monocytes
Answer: D
Learning Outcome: 3.2
Bloom’s Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
40) When a local injury or infection damages or destroys
connective tissues, the ________ respond by dividing to produce daughter cells
that differentiate into fibroblasts, or other connective tissue cells.
1. A)
resting macrophages
2. B)
fibrocytes
3. C)
mucoid connective tissue
4. D)
mesenchymal cells
5. E)
mast cells
Answer: D
Learning Outcome: 3.2
Bloom’s Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
41) A(n) ________ consists of 3 fibrous protein subunits wound
together like the strands of a rope; it is flexible, yet very strong when
pulled by either end.
1. A)
collagen fiber
2. B)
parenchyma
3. C)
elastic fiber
4. D)
reticular fiber
5. E)
fibroblast
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 3.2
Bloom’s Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
42) ________ is highly vascularized, very active biochemically,
and its individual cells contain numerous mitochondria, which gives the tissue
a deep, rich color.
1. A)
Elastic tissue
2. B)
Reticular tissue
3. C) White
adipose tissue
4. D)
Areolar connective tissue
5. E)
Brown adipose tissue
Answer: E
Learning Outcome: 3.2
Bloom’s Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
43) ________ tissue provides a supporting framework of the
liver, spleen, bone marrow, and lymph nodes.
1. A)
Dense irregular
2. B)
Areolar
3. C)
Adipose
4. D)
Elastic
5. E)
Reticular
Answer: E
Learning Outcome: 3.2
Bloom’s Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
44) Tendons, aponeuroses, and ligaments are all composed of
________ connective tissue, which contains tightly packed collagen fibers
aligned parallel to applied forces.
1. A)
dense regular
2. B)
osseous
3. C)
cartilaginous
4. D)
reticular
5. E)
areolar
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 3.2
Bloom’s Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
45) Elastic connective tissues ________.
1. A)
are comprised of collagenous sheets or ribbons that resemble flat, broad
tendons
2. B)
often contain significant numbers of elastic fibers as well as collagen fibers;
and usually connect cartilage-to-cartilage, bone to cartilage, or one bone to
another bone
3. C)
often underlie transitional epithelia; and are also found in the walls of blood
vessels and surrounding the respiratory passageways
4. D)
are actually cords of dense regular connective tissue that attach skeletal muscles
to bones and cartilage
5. E)
form an interwoven meshwork and do not show any consistent pattern; it provides
strength and support to areas subjected to stresses from many directions
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 3.2
Bloom’s Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
46) The fibers in ________ connective tissue form an interwoven
meshwork that does not show any consistent pattern, but maintains tensile
strength in all directions.
1. A)
reticular
2. B)
dense irregular
3. C)
periosteal
4. D)
areolar
5. E)
elastic
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 3.2
Bloom’s Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
47) In cartilage, ________ growth occurs when stem cells of the
inner layer of the perichondrium divide repeatedly; the innermost cells
differentiate into chondroblasts that produce new cartilage matrix.
1. A)
superficial
2. B)
appositional
3. C)
subserous
4. D)
interstitial
5. E)
synovial
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 3.2
Bloom’s Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
48) Membranes are formed by the combination of which tissues?
1. A) epithelial
and connective
2. B)
epithelial and muscle
3. C)
connective and muscle
4. D)
muscle and neural
5. E)
connective and neural
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 3.3
Bloom’s Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
49) Mucous membranes ________.
1. A)
line the ventral body cavities that are enclosed
2. B)
keep connective tissue surfaces moist at all times
3. C)
are lined by stratified epithelia that perform absorptive or secretory
functions
4. D)
line passageways that communicate with the exterior and form a barrier that
resists the entry of pathogens
5. E)
None of the answers are correct.
Answer: D
Learning Outcome: 3.3
Bloom’s Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
50) Which of the following describes the major function of
serous membranes?
1. A)
Each consists of a mesothelium supported by dense connective tissue.
2. B)
They line body cavities that communicate with the exterior.
3. C)
They are loosely attached to the body wall and to the organs they cover.
4. D)
Their parietal and visceral portions never touch.
5. E)
Tiny amounts of transudate formed on the surfaces of the membrane reduce
friction.
Answer: E
Learning Outcome: 3.3
Bloom’s Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
51) Which of the following consists of extensive areas of
areolar tissue bounded by an incomplete superficial layer of squamous or
cuboidal cells?
1. A)
superficial fascia
2. B)
cutaneous membrane
3. C)
sarcolemma
4. D)
mucous membrane
5. E)
synovial membrane
Answer: E
Learning Outcome: 3.3
Bloom’s Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
52) Which membrane is thick, relatively waterproof, and usually
dry?
1. A)
hypodermis
2. B)
cutaneous membrane
3. C)
deep fascia
4. D)
subserous fascia
5. E)
synovial membrane
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 3.3
Bloom’s Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
53) A serous membrane consists of ________ (a simple squamous
epithelium), which is supported by areolar connective tissue rich in blood and
lymphatic vessels.
1. A)
lamina propria
2. B)
basal lamina
3. C)
deep fascia
4. D)
mesothelium
5. E)
sarcoplasm
Answer: D
Learning Outcome: 3.3
Bloom’s Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
54) The areolar tissue component of a mucous membrane is called
the ________.
1. A)
lamina lucida
2. B)
transudate
3. C)
lamina propria
4. D)
mesothelium
5. E)
lamina densa
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 3.3
Bloom’s Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
55) The ________, a type of serous membrane, covers the lungs
and lines the thoracic cavity.
1. A)
peritoneum
2. B)
pleura
3. C)
parenchyma
4. D)
pericardium
5. E)
periosteum
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 3.3
Bloom’s Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
56) Synovial membranes ________.
1. A)
consist of extensive areas of areolar tissue bounded by a basal lamina
2. B)
consist of a cellular layer complete with tight junctions between adjacent
cells
3. C)
cover the entire surface of the body and consist of a keratinized stratified
squamous epithelium and an underlying layer of areolar connective tissue that
is reinforced by a layer of dense connective tissue
4. D)
are comprised of areolar tissue component called lamina propria and often lined
by simple epithelia that perform absorptive or secretory functions
5. E)
contain “epithelial cells” derived from macrophages and fibroblasts of the
adjacent connective tissue
Answer: E
Learning Outcome: 3.3
Bloom’s Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
57) Connective tissues form the internal framework of the body
that does which of the following?
1. A)
provides strength and stability
2. B)
maintains the relative positions of internal organs
3. C)
provides a route for the distribution of blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and
nerves
4. D)
All of the answers are correct.
5. E)
None of the answers are correct.
Answer: D
Learning Outcome: 3.4
Bloom’s Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
58) Loose connective tissue layers that lie between deep fascia
and serous membranes, and line body cavities is called ________.
1. A)
superficial fascia
2. B)
intermuscular fascia
3. C)
subcutaneous layer
4. D)
subserous fascia
5. E)
hypodermis
Answer: D
Learning Outcome: 3.4
Bloom’s Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
59) The superficial fascia, also called the ________, is the
layer of loose connective tissue that separates the skin from underlying
tissues and organs.
1. A)
cutaneous fascia
2. B)
dermis
3. C)
intermuscular fascia
4. D) subcutaneous
layer
5. E)
reticular lamina
Answer: D
Learning Outcome: 3.4
Bloom’s Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
60) The layer of dense regular connective tissue that is bound
to capsules, tendons, and ligaments is called ________.
1. A)
deep fascia
2. B)
subserous fascia
3. C)
lamina propria
4. D)
reticular lamina
5. E)
subcutaneous layer
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 3.4
Bloom’s Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
61) Muscle tissue located in layers around the digestive tract
is called ________.
1. A) smooth
muscle
2. B)
crenulated muscle
3. C)
skeletal muscle
4. D)
cardiac muscle
5. E)
All of the answers are correct.
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 3.5
Bloom’s Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
62) Which of the following is characteristic of cardiac muscle tissue?
1. A)
consists of a branching network of interconnected muscle cells
2. B)
individual cells have many, irregularly shaped nuclei
3. C)
can replace cells and regenerate after an injury
4. D)
contracts only with nervous stimulation
5. E)
also called striated voluntary muscle
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 3.5
Bloom’s Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
63) Skeletal muscle tissue contains large fibers that are
________.
1. A)
multinucleated
2. B)
involuntary
3. C)
nonstriated
4. D)
controlled by pacesetter cells
5. E) connected
by intercalated discs
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 3.5
Bloom’s Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
64) Features of smooth muscle tissue include ________.
1. A)
its exclusive location in the heart
2. B)
multiple nuclei (usually) for each cell
3. C)
the presence of striations
4. D)
intercalated discs and multinucleated
5. E)
having a single nucleus (usually) for each cell and regenerative capabilities
Answer: E
Learning Outcome: 3.5
Bloom’s Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
65) Muscle tissue is unique in its ability to ________.
1. A)
repair itself after damage
2. B)
produce powerful contractions
3. C)
transmit electrical impulses
4. D)
regulate the composition of interstitial fluid
5. E)
All of the answers are correct.
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 3.5
Bloom’s Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
66) In the neck and limbs, the deep fascia ________.
1. A)
covers the external surface of the body
2. B) is
a layer of loose connective tissue, which prevents the distortion of the
delicate lining of organs during movement of muscles or muscular organs
3. C)
divides the muscles into compartments or groups that are different functionally
and developmentally
4. D) is
lined by simple epithelium that performs absorptive or secretory functions
5. E)
consists of areolar connective tissue, minimizing friction between opposing
surfaces
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 3.5
Bloom’s Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
67) Although skeletal muscle fibers cannot divide, new muscle
fibers can be produced through the division of ________, which are stem cells
that persist in adult skeletal muscle.
1. A)
pacemaker cells
2. B)
myosatellite cells
3. C)
osteocytes
4. D)
periosteal stem cells
5. E)
mast cells
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 3.5
Bloom’s Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
68) Cardiac muscle fibers form extensive connections with one
another at specialized regions called ________.
1. A)
sarcolemmae
2. B)
intermuscular fascia
3. C)
soma
4. D)
intercalated discs
5. E)
striations
Answer: D
Learning Outcome: 3.5
Bloom’s Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
69) Which of the following is a cell process that receives
incoming electrical impulses?
1. A)
soma
2. B)
neuroglia
3. C)
dendrites
4. D)
nerve fibers
5. E)
axon
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 3.6
Bloom’s Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
70) Neural tissue is characterized by ________.
1. A)
extremely long cells
2. B)
cells with branching processes
3. C)
neuroglia with varied functions
4. D)
the ability to transmit electrical impulses
5. E)
All of the answers are correct.
Answer: E
Learning Outcome: 3.6
Bloom’s Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
71) Neuroglia ________.
1. A)
provide a supporting framework for neural tissue
2. B)
regulate the composition of interstitial fluid
3. C)
provide nutrients to neurons
4. D)
provide a supporting framework for neural tissue and provide nutrients to
neurons
5. E)
All of the answers are correct.
Answer: E
Learning Outcome: 3.6
Bloom’s Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
72) Cancer of smooth muscles is called ________.
1. A)
fibrosarcomas
2. B)
myelomas
3. C)
leiomyosarcomas
4. D)
rhabdomyosarcomas
5. E)
adenocarcinomas
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 3.7
Bloom’s Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
73) In aging women, the reduction in bone strength known as
________ is often caused by a combination of inactivity, low dietary calcium
intake, and diminished circulating estrogen levels.
1. A)
arthritis
2. B)
lipolysis
3. C)
ossification
4. D)
abrasion
5. E)
osteoporosis
Answer: E
Learning Outcome: 3.7
Bloom’s Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
74) During embryological development, the actual embryo is
formed by the ________.
1. A)
inner cell mass
2. B)
trophoblast
3. C)
blastocyst
4. D)
mesoderm
5. E)
zygote
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 3.8
Bloom’s Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
75) In the formation of a(n) ________, the connecting cells
disappear, and the cells secrete into blood vessels or into the surrounding
tissue fluids.
1. A)
loose connective tissue
2. B)
endocrine gland
3. C)
respiratory epithelium
4. D)
exocrine gland
5. E) cutaneous
membrane
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 3.8
Bloom’s Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
3.2 True/False Questions
1) Multiple layers of cells, found where mechanical stresses are
severe, are called simple cuboidal epithelium.
Answer: FALSE
Learning Outcome: 3.1
Bloom’s Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
2) Cuboidal cells resemble little hexagonal boxes, which appear
square in typical sectional views.
Answer: TRUE
Learning Outcome: 3.1
Bloom’s Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
3) Transitional cells are relatively tall, slender cells with
nuclei in a narrow band close to the basement membrane.
Answer: FALSE
Learning Outcome: 3.1
Bloom’s Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
4) In eccrine secretion, secretory products are released from
gland cells through exocytosis onto the surface of the cell.
Answer: TRUE
Learning Outcome: 3.1
Bloom’s Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
5) Apocrine secretion occurs when gland cells shed the apical
portion of their cytoplasm, which has become packed with secretory vesicles.
Answer: TRUE
Learning Outcome: 3.1
Bloom’s Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
6) Endocrine secretions are discharged, often through a duct,
onto the surface of the skin or on the epithelial lining of an internal
passageway that communicates with the exterior.
Answer: FALSE
Learning Outcome: 3.1
Bloom’s Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
7) Holocrine secretion occurs when a gland cell becomes packed
with secretory products and then bursts apart; the secretion is released and
the cell dies.
Answer: TRUE
Learning Outcome: 3.1
Bloom’s Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
8) Exocrine secretory products (hormones) are released, via
exocytosis from the gland cells, into the fluid surrounding the cells.
Answer: FALSE
Learning Outcome: 3.1
Bloom’s Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
9) The supporting structural material of the epiglottis is
elastic cartilage.
Answer: TRUE
Learning Outcome: 3.2
Bloom’s Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
10) Pads between the spinal vertebrae consist of the structural
material called hyaline cartilage.
Answer: FALSE
Learning Outcome: 3.2
Bloom’s Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
11) The tough but somewhat flexible material that covers the
articular surfaces within synovial joints is hyaline cartilage.
Answer: TRUE
Learning Outcome: 3.2
Bloom’s Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
12) Cords of dense regular connective tissue that attach skeletal
muscles to bones and cartilage are called tendons.
Answer: TRUE
Learning Outcome: 3.2
Bloom’s Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
13) Relatively long, cylindrical, and multinucleate cells are
characteristic of skeletal muscle cells.
Answer: TRUE
Learning Outcome: 3.4
Bloom’s Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
3.3 Essay Questions
1) What are the main structural differences between cartilage
and bone?
Answer: In cartilage, blood vessels are absent and
chondrocytes occupy lacunae; whereas, in bone, vascularity is extensive and
osteocytes reside in lacunae. Cartilage has a matrix that is equivalent to a
firm gel, consisting of chondroitin sulfates with proteins that form hydrated
proteoglycans, and collagen, elastic, and reticular fibers whose proportions
vary according to the type of cartilage. This combination gives cartilage the
quality of limited strength in that it bends easily but is difficult to break.
In contrast, bone matrix is comprised of insoluble crystals of calcium
phosphate and calcium carbonate, and collagen fibers predominate. Together,
these constituents attribute the quality of strength and limited flexibility to
bone, making it very resistant to shattering. Other structural and
characteristic differences are as follows: cartilage is externally covered by a
2-layered perichondrium; bone is covered by a 2-layered periosteum; cartilage
has low oxygen demand and receives nutrients by diffusion through the matrix;
whereas, bone has high oxygen demand and receives nutrients by diffusion
through the cytoplasm and fluid in canaliculi.
Learning Outcome: 3.2
Bloom’s Taxonomy: 3-4: Applying/Analyzing
2) In what regions of the body could you expect to find dense
irregular connective tissue, and why would the tissue be located in these
regions?
Answer: Dense irregular connective tissue is found in the
dermis, where it gives the skin strength and allows it to resist stresses from
many directions. Except at joints, dense irregular connective tissue also forms
a sheath around cartilage (the perichondrium) and bone (the periosteum), thus
mainly providing external protection. It also forms a thick, fibrous capsule
that surrounds many internal organs, such as the liver, kidneys, and spleen.
And it encloses the cavities of joints. Its function in these cases is to also
provide strength and support to such areas subjected to stresses from many
directions.
Learning Outcome: 3.2
Bloom’s Taxonomy: 3-4: Applying/Analyzing
3) How does a ligament differ from a tendon?
Answer: Tendons are cords of dense regular connective
tissue that attach skeletal muscles to bones and cartilage. The collagen fibers
run along the longitudinal axis of the tendon and transfer the pull of the
contracting muscle to the bone or cartilage. Although ligaments resemble
tendons, they function solely to connect cartilage-to-cartilage, bone to
cartilage, and one bone to another. Ligaments may contain significant numbers
of elastic as well as collagen fibers, and therefore can tolerate a modest
amount of stretching. Elastic ligaments have a higher proportion of elastic
fibers and are found in such locations as along the spinal column, to stabilize
the positions of the vertebrae.
Learning Outcome: 3.2
Bloom’s Taxonomy: 3-4: Applying/Analyzing
4) Why is skeletal muscle called striated voluntary muscle?
Answer: Skeletal muscle fibers are called striated because
they have a banded, or striated, appearance due to the presence of actin and
myosin filaments, which are arranged in parallel within organized functional
groups. Skeletal muscle is considered a voluntary muscle because the fibers
normally will not contract unless stimulated by nerves, and the nervous system
provides voluntary control over their activities.
Learning Outcome: 3.5
Bloom’s Taxonomy: 3-4: Applying/Analyzing
5) Why is the ability of cardiac muscle to repair itself more
limited than that of smooth muscle?
Answer: Cardiac muscle fibers are incapable of dividing,
and cardiac muscle tissue lacks myosatellite cells, which divide to produce new
muscle fibers. Thus, cardiac muscle tissue damaged by injury or disease cannot
regenerate. However, smooth muscles cells can divide, and smooth muscle tissue
can therefore regenerate after an injury.
Learning Outcome: 3.5
Bloom’s Taxonomy: 3-4: Applying/Analyzing
3.4 Labeling Questions
Figure 3.1
Using the figure above, answer the following questions.
1) Identify the specific structure indicated by Label A.
1. A) Plasma
membrane
2. B)
Matrix
3. C)
Lamina lucida
4. D)
Peritoneum
5. E)
Cytoplasm
Answer: E
Learning Outcome: 3.1
Bloom’s Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
2) Identify the specific structure indicated by Label B.
1. A)
Mitochondrion
2. B)
Nucleus
3. C)
Lysosome
4. D)
Golgi apparatus
5. E)
Ribosome
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 3.1
Bloom’s Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
3) What type of epithelium comprises the lining of the
peritoneal cavity, which is featured in the top group of diagrams (Fig. 3.1a)?
1. A) Simple
cuboidal
2. B)
Simple columnar
3. C)
Simple squamous
4. D)
Transitional
5. E)
Stratified cuboidal
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 3.1
Bloom’s Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
4) Identify the specific structure indicated by Label D.
1. A)
Columnar superficial cells
2. B)
Squamous superficial cells
3. C)
Basal cells
4. D)
Cuboidal superficial cells
5. E)
Hypodermal cells
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 3.1
Bloom’s Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
5) Identify the specific structure indicated by Label E.
1. A) Stem
cells
2. B)
Fibrocytes
3. C)
Unicellular gland cells
4. D)
Melanocytes
5. E)
Mast cells
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 3.1
Bloom’s Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
6) Identify the specific structure indicated by Label F.
1. A)
Lamina propria
2. B) Apical
lamina
3. C)
Adipose layer
4. D)
Basement membrane
5. E)
Mucous layer
Answer: D
Learning Outcome: 3.1
Bloom’s Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
7) What type of epithelium comprises the surface of the tongue,
which is featured in the bottom group of diagrams (Fig. 3.1 b)?
1. A)
Stratified columnar
2. B)
Pseudostratified columnar
3. C)
Stratified cuboidal
4. D)
Stratified squamous
5. E)
Transitional
Answer: D
Learning Outcome: 3.1
Bloom’s Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
Figure 3.2
Using the figure above, identify the gland features and types.
8) Identify the specific structure indicated by Label A.
1. A)
Gland cells
2. B)
Stem cells
3. C)
Fibrocytes
4. D)
Mast cells
5. E)
Monocytes
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 3.1
Bloom’s Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
9) Identify the specific structure indicated by Label B.
1. A)
Transudate
2. B)
Mucin
3. C)
Duct
4. D)
Capsule
5. E)
Fascia
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 3.1
Bloom’s Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
10) Identify the gland indicated by Label C.
1. A) Simple
alveolar
2. B)
Simple tubuloalveolar
3. C)
Simple acinar
4. D)
Simple coiled tubular
5. E)
Simple tubular
Answer: E
Learning Outcome: 3.1
Bloom’s Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
11) Identify the gland indicated by Label D.
1. A)
Simple branched tubular
2. B)
Simple branched alveolar
3. C)
Simple acinar
4. D)
Simple coiled alveolar
5. E)
Simple coiled tubular
Answer: E
Learning Outcome: 3.1
Bloom’s Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
12) Identify the gland indicated by Label E.
1. A)
Compound tubular
2. B) Simple
branched tubular
3. C)
Compound acinar
4. D)
Simple acinar
5. E)
Simple branched acinar
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 3.1
Bloom’s Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
13) Identify the gland indicated by Label F.
1. A)
Simple tubular
2. B)
Simple alveolar
3. C)
Compound tubular
4. D)
Compound acinar
5. E)
Simple coiled acinar
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 3.1
Bloom’s Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
14) Identify the gland indicated by Label G.
1. A)
Simple coiled acinar
2. B)
Simple branched tubular
3. C) Simple
tubular
4. D)
Simple branched alveolar
5. E)
None of the answers are correct.
Answer: D
Learning Outcome: 3.1
Bloom’s Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
15) Identify the gland indicated by Label H.
1. A)
Compound tubular
2. B)
Compound coiled acinar
3. C)
Compound tubuloalveolar
4. D)
Compound branched tubular
5. E)
Compound alveolar
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 3.1
Bloom’s Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
16) Identify the gland indicated by Label I.
1. A)
Compound branched acinar
2. B)
Compound branched tubular
3. C)
Compound alveolar
4. D)
Compound tubuloalveolar
5. E)
Compound coiled tubular
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 3.1
Bloom’s Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
17) Identify the gland indicated by Label J.
1. A)
Compound tubuloalveolar
2. B)
Compound branched alveolar
3. C)
Compound coiled tubular
4. D)
Compound acinar
5. E)
Compound coiled alveolar
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 3.1
Bloom’s Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
Figure 3.3
Using the figure above, answer the following questions.
18) Identify the specific structure indicated by Label E.
1. A)
Fibrocytes
2. B)
Chondrocytes
3. C)
Melanocytes
4. D)
Osteocytes
5. E)
Monocytes
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 3.2
Bloom’s Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
19) Identify the specific structure indicated by Label C.
1. A)
Reticular fibers
2. B)
Ground substance
3. C)
Elastic fibers
4. D)
Striated muscle
5. E)
Collagen fibers
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 3.2
Bloom’s Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
20) Identify the specific structure indicated by Label B.
1. A)
Mast cell
2. B)
Mesenchymal cell
3. C)
Ribosome
4. D)
Fixed cell
5. E)
Phagocytic cell
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 3.2
Bloom’s Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
21) Identify the specific structure indicated by Label A.
1. A)
Collagen fibers
2. B)
Microfilaments
3. C)
Reticular fibers
4. D)
Elastic fibers
5. E)
Neurofilaments
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 3.2
Bloom’s Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
22) Identify the specific structure indicated by Label G.
1. A) Lymphocytes
2. B)
Plasmocytes
3. C)
Adipocytes
4. D)
Monocytes
5. E)
Phagocytes
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 3.2
Bloom’s Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
23) Identify the specific structure indicated by Label H.
1. A)
Elastic fibers
2. B)
Microtubules
3. C)
Intermediate fibers
4. D)
Microfilaments
5. E)
Reticular fibers
Answer: E
Learning Outcome: 3.2
Bloom’s Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
Figure 3.4
24) Identify the specific structure indicated by Label B.
1. A)
Compact bone
2. B)
Lamellae
3. C) Perichondrium
4. D)
Canaliculi
5. E)
Spongy bone
Answer: E
Learning Outcome: 3.2
Bloom’s Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
25) Identify the specific structure indicated by Label C.
1. A)
Lamellae
2. B)
Lacunae
3. C)
Osteocytes
4. D)
Canaliculi
5. E)
Reticulum
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 3.2
Bloom’s Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
26) Identify the specific structure indicated by Label F.
1. A)
Trabeculae
2. B)
Periosteum
3. C)
Basal lamina
4. D)
Perichondrium
5. E)
Peritoneum
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 3.2
Bloom’s Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
27) Identify the specific structure indicated by Label G.
1. A)
Trabeculae
2. B)
Spongy bone
3. C)
Cutaneous membrane
4. D)
Compact bone
5. E)
Perichondrium
Answer: D
Learning Outcome: 3.2
Bloom’s Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
28) Identify the specific structure indicated by Label H.
1. A)
Satellite cell
2. B)
Volkmann’s canal
3. C)
Fasciculus
4. D)
Osteon
5. E)
CAM
Answer: D
Learning Outcome: 3.2
Bloom’s Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
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