Health Psychology A Cultural Approach 3rd Edition by Regan A.R. Gurung – Test Bank
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Sample Test
Chapter Three—Essential Physiology
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. The
premise of health psychology is that the following is TRUE?
|
a. |
The sense of hearing develops before
birth. |
|
b. |
The percentage of low birth weight
babies in the U.S. is lower than in any country. |
|
c. |
Research on the Mozart effect has
consistently shown that babies who listen to Mozart have higher IQs than
those who do not have this experience. |
|
d. |
Fetal exposure to teratogens is equally
high among all ethnic groups. |
ANS:
A
REF: BIOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT
2. What
is the memory part of the brain that helps you to remember the answer to this
question?
|
a. |
cerebral cortex |
c. |
the hippocampus |
|
b. |
the amygdala |
d. |
the cerebellum |
ANS:
C
REF: THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
3. The
emotion of fear that comes over a patient who is afraid to go to the dentist
originates from this section of the brain.
|
a. |
the medulla |
c. |
the amygdala |
|
b. |
the hippocampus |
d. |
the cerebral cortex |
ANS:
C
REF: THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
4. _________
are at a high risk of infant mortality.
|
a. |
Extreme preterm babies |
|
b. |
Babies born in Sweden |
|
c. |
Babies who were exposed to a virus
prior to birth |
|
d. |
Babies weighing over 9 pounds. |
ANS:
A
REF: BIOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT
5. The
embryo stage of a pregnancy begins at:
|
a. |
the end of the second week |
c. |
the end of one month |
|
b. |
the end of the fourth week |
d. |
after 6 weeks |
ANS:
A
REF: BIOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT
6. The
embryo is called a fetus at the ____week of gestation.
|
a. |
sixth |
c. |
eleventh |
|
b. |
ninth |
d. |
fourteenth |
ANS: B
REF: BIOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT
7. Which
of the following is TRUE?
|
a. |
Only boys experience a growth spurt. |
|
b. |
Children and adolescents from different
ethnic backgrounds mature physically at the same rates; there is no evidence
for differences because humans all share a common ancestry. |
|
c. |
The more a baby is touched and stroked,
the faster it develops. |
|
d. |
During puberty, Broca’s area triggers
an increasing level of growth hormone in the body. |
ANS: C
REF: BIOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT
8. _________
can cause developmental abnormalities in the developing embryo and fetus.
|
a. |
Polyyps |
c. |
Teratogens |
|
b. |
Natural killer (NK) cells |
d. |
Cytotoxicity |
ANS: A
REF: BIOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT
9. Miscarriage
has strong psychological components. Couples can cope with this stressor better
if:
|
a. |
they are married for at least two years |
|
b. |
they keep it a secret so that people do
not keep asking them how they are doing. |
|
c. |
they have strong social support from
family and friends |
|
d. |
the woman was only in the first
trimester. |
ANS:
C
REF: BIOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT
10.
Of the following, mothers from which ethnic background rate the
family as the most important source of support?
|
a. |
Asian Americans |
c. |
African Americans |
|
b. |
European Americans |
d. |
Chinese Americans |
ANS:
C
REF: BIOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT
11.
Growth and development of the newborn is driven by the
secretions of the _______, and coordinated by the hypothalamus.
|
a. |
adrenal gland |
c. |
thyroid gland |
|
b. |
pituitary gland |
d. |
corpus callosum |
ANS:
B
REF: BIOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT
12.
Which of the following is TRUE?
|
a. |
Boys mature slightly earlier than their
female counterparts. |
|
b. |
The age of first menstruation is later
today than it was a century ago. |
|
c. |
Today, the average age for first
menstruation is about 12 years. |
|
d. |
Only boys experience a growth spurt. |
ANS:
C
REF: BIOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT
13.
An example of why culture is important in early development is
the finding that:
|
a. |
African American children mature more
quickly than European American children. |
|
b. |
African American children mature slower
than European American children. |
|
c. |
African American children and European
American children mature at the same rate |
|
d. |
Asian American children show some of
the fastest rates of physical change |
ANS: A
REF: BIOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT
14.
During puberty, major physical changes are stimulated by the:
|
a. |
hippocampus |
c. |
ovaries |
|
b. |
gonads |
d. |
pituitary gland |
ANS:
D
REF: BIOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT
15.
Boys with lower levels of testosterone are more likely to:
|
a. |
become gay or homosexual |
|
b. |
show behavioral problems such as
rebelliousness |
|
c. |
be very easy-going and pleasant when
socializing |
|
d. |
develop cancer later in life |
ANS: B
REF: BIOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT
16.
Schaie (1993), found in a longitudinal study that the majority
of the participants in the study showed no significant decline in most mental
abilities until the age of:
|
a. |
65 |
c. |
81 |
|
b. |
70 |
d. |
92 |
ANS:
C
REF: BIOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT
17.
The brain and spinal cord comprise the:
|
a. |
peripheral nervous system |
c. |
the superior colliculus |
|
b. |
the central nervous system |
d. |
prosencephalon |
ANS:
B
REF: THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
18.
What section of the brain in a cross-section resembles a gray
“X”?
|
a. |
the cerebral cortex |
c. |
the spinal cord |
|
b. |
the occipital lobe |
d. |
the medulla |
ANS:
C
REF: THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
19.
The somatic nervous system controls what part of the body?
|
a. |
bone growth |
|
b. |
reflex muscles |
|
c. |
skeletal muscles and is under conscious
control of these muscles |
|
d. |
heart muscles |
ANS:
C
REF: THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
20.
The autonomic nervous system coordinates muscles:
|
a. |
under conscious control. |
|
b. |
that are not under conscious control. |
|
c. |
that control the feelings associated
with pain. |
|
d. |
only in the lower half of the body. |
ANS:
B
REF: THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
21.
Which of the following is FALSE regarding diabetes?.
|
a. |
An equal number of people have Type 1
and Type 2 diabetes. |
|
b. |
Type 1 diabetes is seen at an early
age. |
|
c. |
Type 2 diabetes is caused by a
melatonin imbalance. |
|
d. |
Because of better medical care, today diabetes
rates virtually the same across individuals of different ethnic backgrounds. |
ANS:
A
REF: THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
22.
The difference between type 1 and type 2 diabetes is:
|
a. |
type 1 is insulin dependent |
|
b. |
type 2 is insulin dependent |
|
c. |
Asian Americans tend to have only type
1 diabetes |
|
d. |
type 2 is seen at an early age |
ANS:
A
REF: THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
23.
Though a bad diet is a direct risk factor for diabetes (Hu et
al., 2001), research now suggests that this behavior is a major factor as well:
|
a. |
not getting enough sleep |
|
b. |
smoking, especially heavy smoking |
|
c. |
not receiving enough sunlight |
|
d. |
using sugar substitutes on food and in
drinks such as coffee |
ANS: B
REF: THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
24.
The heart is protected by:
|
a. |
the pericardium. |
c. |
the valves. |
|
b. |
the arteries. |
d. |
the atria. |
ANS:
A
REF: THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
25.
Who is credited with giving us a complete understanding of the
circulatory system?
|
a. |
Erasistratus in 300 BC |
c. |
William Harvey in 1628 |
|
b. |
Galen in 150 BC |
d. |
none of the above |
ANS:
C
REF: THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
26.
The circuit between the heart and the lungs is called:
|
a. |
systemic circulation |
c. |
ischemia |
|
b. |
capillaries |
d. |
pulmonary circulation |
ANS:
D
REF: THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
27.
Bariatric surgery is becoming more popular. The most common type
of bariatric surgery is:
|
a. |
removal of the stomach |
c. |
stapling of the stomach |
|
b. |
gastric bypass surgery |
d. |
lap-band |
ANS:
B
REF: THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
28.
Colon cancer results from small clumps of cells called
___________ that turn cancerous.
|
a. |
gallstones |
c. |
B cells |
|
b. |
polyps |
d. |
T cells |
ANS:
B
REF: THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
29.
T-cells mature in this organ:
|
a. |
thymus gland |
c. |
kidneys |
|
b. |
liver |
d. |
spleen |
ANS:
A
REF: THE PHYSIOLOGY OF IMMUNITY
30.
The natural killer cells that circulate the body:
|
a. |
are present in infants and children,
but disappear by middle age |
|
b. |
engulf teratogens and viruses and
devour them |
|
c. |
push infected cells through the body to
the spleen |
|
d. |
inject diseased cells by injecting them
with toxic chemicals |
ANS:
D
REF: THE PHYSIOLOGY OF IMMUNITY
31.
What is the purpose of the spleen?
|
a. |
It is an organ whose many ducts clean
the lymphatic system. |
|
b. |
Assists the kidneys in processing
insulin. |
|
c. |
It is a ductless organ that filters
blood. |
|
d. |
It is the primary storage area for
lymphocytes. |
ANS:
C
REF: THE PHYSIOLOGY OF IMMUNITY
32.
Which of the following is FALSE?
|
a. |
Bacteria and viruses can be transmitted
to humans through the air. |
|
b. |
The sebum on our skin serves to prevent
microorganisms from breaking the skin barrier or from growing on the skin. |
|
c. |
Bacteria and viruses can be transmitted
to humans from an animal bite. |
|
d. |
The secretion of chemicals such as
lysozyme instigates the swelling or inflammatory response and can also cause
itching of the eyes. |
ANS:
D
REF: THE PROCESS OF DEFENSE
33.
The main lines of entry for viruses and bacteria is:
|
a. |
through skin and different openings of the
body |
|
b. |
by having direct contact with the
sebum. |
|
c. |
having a reduced immunosystem from not
taking daily vitamins |
|
d. |
from being dropped by unhealthy T cells
as they are being transported through the lymphatic system |
ANS: A
REF: THE PROCESS OF DEFENSE
34.
Barriers that do not rely on the cells of the immune system are
referred to as:
|
a. |
nonspecific immune defenses |
c. |
antigens |
|
b. |
key components |
d. |
nonimmunologic defenses |
ANS: D
REF: THE PROCESS OF DEFENSE
35.
If you fall and scratch up your elbow while gardening, your
elbow will swell from an increase in blood flow to the area. This is a direct
result of:
|
a. |
acquired immunity. |
c. |
the inflammatory response. |
|
b. |
the phagocytosis response. |
d. |
the memory B cell response. |
ANS:
D
REF: THEP ROCESS OF DEFENSE
36.
If you have allergies, you are familiar with the action of the
body secreting histamines, including itching of eyes, nose and throat. Your
body may also respond with:
|
a. |
fever |
c. |
elevated blood pressure |
|
b. |
elevated red blood cell count |
d. |
inflammation of the tonsils |
ANS:
A
REF: THE PROCESS OF DEFENSE
37.
Another type of immunity that is a form of a specific immune
response, and involves the activation of lymphocytes is:
|
a. |
activated immunity. |
c. |
acquired immunity. |
|
b. |
the inflammatory response. |
d. |
reactivation immunity. |
ANS:
C
REF: THE PROCESS OF DEFENSE
38.
Acquired immunity takes place in either the:
|
a. |
spleen or the appendix |
c. |
tonsils or the adenoids |
|
b. |
blood or the cells |
d. |
thymus or the pancreas |
ANS:
B
REF: THE PROCESS OF DEFENSE
39.
Another example of acquired immunity is:
|
a. |
the immunizations of babies |
c. |
contracting HIV |
|
b. |
eating blue cheese |
d. |
taking protein and vitamin supplements |
ANS:
A
REF: THE PROCESS OF DEFENSE
40.
If you have chickenpox as a child, what is the reason you are
unlikely to get it again?
|
a. |
You have extra macrophages from the
previous chicken pox, and they will engulf this strain too. |
|
b. |
You have cell-mediated immunity |
|
c. |
You have circulating B memory cells for
the chickenpox. |
|
d. |
none of the above |
ANS: C
REF: THE PROCESS OF DEFENSE
41.
A strong immune response is characterized by:
|
a. |
strong organs that are healthy,
such as the spleen. |
|
b. |
younger humans with less contact with
varying illnesses. |
|
c. |
a low number of T cells |
|
d. |
great differentiation and
proliferation. |
ANS:
D
REF: THE PROCESS OF DEFENSE
42.
Given what you know about the respiratory system, what can you
do to maintain your health in this area?
|
a. |
get your cytotoxicity measured |
c. |
increase your carbon dioxide level |
|
b. |
increase your aerobic respiration |
d. |
Increase your histamines. |
ANS:
B
REF: THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
43.
What are some facts that are known about the respiratory system?
|
a. |
Lung capacity is an important measure
of cardiovascular fitness. |
|
b. |
Asthma is a curable respiratory
condition. |
|
c. |
The alveoli are also known as the
windpipe. |
|
d. |
The bronchioles end in little sacs
known as lysozyme clusters. |
ANS:
A
REF: THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
44.
Which of the following is true about asthma?
|
a. |
The number of people diagnosed with
asthma has stayed relatively constant over the last two decades. |
|
b. |
The death rates from asthma are higher
for European Americans than for African Americasns. |
|
c. |
It is a chronic condition with no cure. |
|
d. |
Asian Americans have the highest
incidence of asthma out of all of the ethnic groups in the USA. |
ANS:
C
REF: THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
45.
This ethnic group recognizes different organs than Western
medicine. This group will refer to the “Triple Burner.”
|
a. |
East Indians |
c. |
Native Americans |
|
b. |
Chinese |
d. |
Mexican Americans |
ANS:
B
REF: WHAT ABOUT CULTURE?
46.
The “Wild Divine,”a video product that focuses on promoting
self-care and wellness, was tested for its effectiveness as a relaxation
technique (Roethel & Gurung, 2007). The results of this study is that the
game actually resulted in both physiological and psychological changes. These
changes were found to be:
|
a. |
an increase in violence and anger in
the user |
|
b. |
an increase in salivary cortisol |
|
c. |
decrease in depression and fatigue |
|
d. |
increase in psychological symptoms |
ANS:
C
REF: FOCUS ON APPLICATIONS
47.
The system(s) in the human body that is(are) responsible for
metabolic activity are:
|
a. |
immune system |
c. |
cardiac/pulmonary system |
|
b. |
digestive and renal systems |
d. |
nervous and endocrine systems |
ANS: B
REF: THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
48.
The endocrine hormone most related to the metabolism of food,
especially glucose, is:
|
a. |
oxytocin |
c. |
gastrin |
|
b. |
prolactin |
d. |
insulin |
ANS:
D
REF: THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
TRUE/FALSE
1. Preterm
births are those who are born before 37 weeks of gestation.
ANS:
T
REF: BIOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT
2. The
average age of menopause is 65.
ANS:
F
REF: BIOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT
3. Children
grow in a continuous pattern with the same amount of growth every week until 2
years of age.
ANS:
F
REF: BIOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT
4. The
growth spurt for girls is almost two years before the growth spurt in boys.
ANS: T
REF: BIOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT
5. In
2003, the Women’s Health Initiative study indicated that hormone replacement
therapy treatment should be halted due to the fact that women receiving
the drug were found to have a higher risk for certain cancers.
ANS:
T
REF: BIOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT
6. The
pituitary gland produces the hormone oxytocin.
ANS:
T
REF: THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
7. The
blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart are called arteries, and the
vessels that carry blood to the heart are called veins.
ANS:
T
REF: THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
8. A
healthy person’s blood pressure should be less than 120/80 mm Hg..
ANS:
T
REF: THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
9. There
is a risk of early death following bariatric surgery.
ANS:
T
REF: THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
10.
Instead of of focusing on physiology, traditional Chinese
medicine (TCM) focuses on symptoms displayed by the patient to arrive at a
diagnosis.
ANS:
T
REF: WHAT ABOUT CULTURE?
ESSAY
1. The
developing embryo and fetus are sensitive to several factors that can cause
delays in development, birth defects, and/or miscarriage. What are three circumstances
that can affect the development of the fetus?
ANS: Answers can include: teratogensexposure to teratogens
is higher for ethnic minority population; refrain from use of alcohol,
caffeine, nicotine and other drugs and medication; the more stress the mother
experiences, the more she risks delivery of a preterm of low birth weight baby;
secondhand smoke from the father; stress from the father in form of emotional
or physical abuse
REF: BIOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT
2. What
is one hypothesis for the change in the onset of menstruation?
ANS: Answers can include: stress higher levels of
environmental factors. Brumbauer (1997) found that after years of immigration,
regardless of ethnicity, girls menstruate earlier in North America than in
their countries of origin.
REF: BIOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT
3. Thomas
is 23 years old. What age-related changes should Thomas experience between the
ages of 25 and 65?
ANS: Limited changes in physical development: hair thins
and tends to turn gray, may experience a receding hairline, storage of body fat
increases; the distribution of fat changes to increased waist-to-hip ratio,
tendency to put on weight until mid 50s: start to lose weight and slowly lose
height after approximately age 60, bones start to shrink, hearing and vision
degrade first before other senses.
REF: BIOLOGICAL CHANGES
4. What
are the three main parts of the vertebrate brain?
ANS: The hindbrain, or rhombencephalon, is located in the
back of the brain and consists of the medulla, pons, and the cerebellum.
Forebrain, or prosencephalon, is where thinking, consciousness, talking, eating
and creating all occur. The spinal cord extends from the base of the skull to
the tailbone.
REF: THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
5. Name
three of the major glands in the endocrine system, and indicate the hormones
that they secrete.
ANS: Pituitary gland (oxytocin), pineal (melatonin),
thyroid (thyroxine), parathyroid (parathyroid hormone), thymus (thymosins),
pancreas (insulin), adrenal (cortisol and catecholamines), ovaries (estrogen),
testes (androgens).
REF: THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
Chapter Five—Coping and Social Support
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which
of the following is FALSE regarding coping?
|
a. |
It involves cognitive efforts to manage
the outcomes of stress |
|
b. |
It involves behavioral efforts to
manage the outcomes of stress |
|
c. |
It includes whatever individuals do to
reestablish homeostatic balance. |
|
d. |
It is a one-time event that results in
favorable outcomes. |
ANS:
D
REF: WHAT IS COPING?
2. One
of the most important reasons that studying coping is difficult is due to the
fact that:
|
a. |
stressors can be positive or negative |
|
b. |
there is severe cultural diversity in
stress |
|
c. |
individual differences in people and
stressors make it difficult to study |
|
d. |
there are too many subtypes of coping |
ANS:
C
REF: WHAT IS COPING?
3. People
who have high levels of social support often cope better than people with low
levels of social support. In this case, social support can be said to be a(n):
|
a. |
anti-stressor |
c. |
mediator |
|
b. |
coping mechanism |
d. |
moderator |
ANS:
D
REF: MODERATORS VERSUS MEDIATORS
4. Most
of the following variables can be mediators and moderators except for:
|
a. |
happiness |
c. |
social support |
|
b. |
optimism |
d. |
age |
ANS:
D
REF: MODERATORS VERSUS MEDIATORS
5. A
_____ is the intervening process through which one variable has an effect on
another variable.
|
a. |
moderator |
c. |
control |
|
b. |
mediator |
d. |
buffer |
ANS:
B
REF: MODERATORS VERSUS MEDIATORS
6. One
of the most commonly studied mediators in health psychology is:
|
a. |
sex |
c. |
health behaviors |
|
b. |
social support |
d. |
stress |
ANS:
C
REF: MODERATORS VERSUS MEDIATORS
7. Our
general predispositions to deal with stress are best described as:
|
a. |
coping strategies |
c. |
coping genes |
|
b. |
coping styles |
d. |
avoidant coping |
ANS:
B
REF: THE STRUCTURE OF COPING
8. If
you have stress from a roommate who does not wash her own dishes, and you take
the time to talk to her directly about your wish that she wash her own dishes,
this type of coping style is called:
|
a. |
emotion-focused
coping
.
c. avoidant coping. |
|
b. |
approach
coping.
d. positive reinterpretation. |
ANS:
B
REF: THE STRUCTURE OF COPING
9. Which
of the following coping techniques is considered to be both problem-focused and
emotion-focused?
|
a. |
social support |
c. |
using religion |
|
b. |
using humor |
d. |
distraction |
ANS:
A
REF: THE STRUCTURE OF COPING
10.
Problem-focused coping is associated with more positive outcomes
when the source of stress is ________.
|
a. |
limited. |
c. |
flexible |
|
b. |
controllable. |
d. |
emotionally overwhelming. |
ANS:
B
REF: THE STRUCTURE OF COPING
11.
Each of the following is considered one of the “Big Five”factors
in personality except:
|
a. |
extraversion |
c. |
agreeableness |
|
b. |
neuroticism |
d. |
optimism |
ANS:
D
REF: PERSONALITY AND COPING
12.
If you are soft-hearted, trusting, and helpful, you are high on
the Big Five personality trait of:
|
a. |
optimism |
c. |
conscientiousness |
|
b. |
agreeableness |
d. |
neuroticism |
ANS:
B
REF: PERSONALITY AND COPING
13.
In contrast to early research on the Type A personality, current
views hold that the most unhealthy component of the Type A profile is:
|
a. |
being competitive |
c. |
being hostile |
|
b. |
showing a sense of time urgency |
d. |
being hardy |
ANS:
C
REF: PERSONALITY AND COPING
14.
An individual with Type A coronary-prone are found to be at a
higher level of risk for:
|
a. |
coronary heart disease. |
c. |
muscular-skeletal injuries |
|
b. |
diabetes. |
d. |
renal failure. |
ANS:
A
REF: PERSONALITY AND COPING
15.
_______ is the relatively stable tendency of an individual to
believe one’s life is under one’s own control.
|
a. |
Optimism |
c. |
Conscientiousness |
|
b. |
Hardiness |
d. |
Mastery |
ANS:
D
REF: PERSONALITY AND COPING
16.
People who enjoy challenges, have a high level of control, and
are committed to their lives, are high in_______.
|
a. |
optimism |
c. |
extraversion |
|
b. |
hardiness |
d. |
mastery |
ANS:
B
REF: PERSONALITY AND COPING
17.
Which of the following empirical statements is TRUE?
|
a. |
Optimists tend to cope better with
stress than pessimists. |
|
b. |
Optimists are more likely to use
avoidant coping strategies than pessimists. |
|
c. |
Optimists tend not to practice healthy
behaviors because they assume most outcomes will be positive. |
|
d. |
Optimism is correlated with better
psychological health, but is not predictive of longevity. |
ANS:
A
REF: PERSONALITY AND HEALTH
18.
A student that has a high level of mastery believes:
|
a. |
he is in control of the classroom
environment |
|
b. |
he has the capability to succeed at
whatever task is at hand. |
|
c. |
he does not have much control over his
environment |
|
d. |
that he has a lot to learn this
semester. |
ANS:
B
REF: PERSONALITY AND HEALTH
19.
Two of the most closely related personality concepts that both
predict better coping are:
|
a. |
conscientiousness and neuroticism |
c. |
mastery and optimism |
|
b. |
optimism and hardiness |
d. |
hardiness and resilience |
ANS:
D
REF: PERSONALITY AND HEALTH
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