Marine Science Ist Edition By Peter Castro – Test Bank
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Sample Test
Chapter 03
Ocean Chemistry and Structure
Multiple Choice Questions
1. Hydrogen
bonds in water molecules are formed between:
A. Ions in solution between the molecules.
B. Nuclei of adjacent molecules.
C.Hydrogen and oxygen atoms of adjacent molecules.
D. Two hydrogen atoms of the same molecule.
E. Two oxygen atoms of the same molecule.
Ans: C
Florida Standards: SC.912.L.18.12
Ocean Literacy Standards:
Book Section: 3.1
2. A(n)
_______ is a substance of two or more atoms held together with chemical bonds.
3. Element
4. Molecule
5. Isotope
6. Ion
7. Proton
Ans: B
Florida Standards: SC.912.L.18.12
Ocean Literacy Standards:
Book Section: 3.1
3. Which
of the following is not an
element?
4. Sodium
chloride
5. Nitrogen
6. Hydrogen
7. Oxygen
8. Magnesium
Ans: A
Florida Standards:
Ocean Literacy Standards:
Book Section: 3.1, 3.2
4. _______
is a measure of the total kinetic energy of the particles in a substance.
5. Temperature
6. Kelvin
7. Heat
8. Evaporation
9. Density
Ans: C
Florida Standards: SC.912.P.10.In.a
Ocean Literacy Standards:
Book Section: 3.1
5. Where
would you expect to find the least number of hydrogen bonds in a given area?
6. Water
at 4°C
7. Water
at 90°C
8. Gas
at 110°C
9. Ice
at 0°C
10.
Salt water at –2°C
Ans: C
Florida Standards: SC.912.L.18.12
Ocean Literacy Standards:
Book Section: 3.1
6. When
water cools, but does not freeze, the molecules move _______ and take up
_______ space.
A. Faster, less
B. Slower, more
C. Faster, more
D.Slower, less
E. Up, less
Ans: D
Florida Standards: SC.912.L.18.12
Ocean Literacy Standards:
Book Section: 3.1
7. Which
of the following is the state of water at a temperature of 4°C?
A. Boiling point of water
B.Maximum density of water
C. Freezing point of water
D. Sublimation point of water
E. Condensation point of water
Ans: B
Florida Standards: SC.912.L.18.12
Ocean Literacy Standards:
Book Section: 3.1
8. Hydrogen
bonds:
A. Lower the heat capacity of water.
B. Cause ice to melt at a lower temperature.
C.Make ice less dense than water.
D. Lower the boiling point of water.
E. Do not affect the heat capacity of water at all.
Ans: C
Florida Standards: SC.912.L.18.12
Ocean Literacy Standards:
Book Section: 3.1
9. When
ice is melting, the heat being added causes:
10.
Molecular motion to increase.
11.
Molecular motion to decrease.
12.
The temperature of the ice to increase.
13.
Hydrogen bonds to break.
14.
Hydrogen bonds to form.
Ans: D
Florida Standards: SC.912.L.18.12
Ocean Literacy Standards:
Book Section: 3.1
10.
Water is unusual because it is less dense as a solid than a
liquid. This is important for marine organisms because:
A. A layer of ice insulates organisms beneath it.
11.
It influences the solubility of carbon dioxide.
12.
Cold water holds less oxygen than warm water.
13.
A layer of ice insulates organisms beneath it; if ice was
denser, the oceans would freeze from the bottom and remain frozen, leaving no
available space.
14.
All answers are correct.
Ans: D
Florida Standards: SC.912.L.17.7
Ocean Literacy Standards: 5.g
Book Section: 3.1
11.
The heat capacity of water is _______ compared with other
naturally occurring substances.
A.High
B. Low
C. Equal
D. Fluctuates by location
E. None of the choices are correct
Ans: A
Florida Standards: SC.912.L.18.12
Ocean Literacy Standards:
Book Section: 3.1
12.
The sticking together that occurs between particles of different
substances is called:
13.
Cohesion.
14.
Adhesion.
15.
Surface tension.
16.
Viscosity.
17.
Resistance to flow.
Ans: B
Florida Standards:
Ocean Literacy Standards:
Book Section: 3.1
13.
Identify the weakest bond from the options listed below.
14.
Hydrogen bond
15.
Covalent bond
16.
Ionic bond
17.
A & C
18.
B & C
Ans: A
Florida Standards: SC.912.L.18.12
Ocean Literacy Standards:
Book Section: 3.1
14.
Which of the following properties is unique to water due to its
molecular structure?
15.
It forms long-chain polymers
16.
It can dissolve non-polar materials like hydrocarbons
17.
It vaporizes more quickly than any other liquid
18.
It is less dense as a solid than a liquid
19.
It has low surface tension.
Ans: D
Florida Standards: SC.912.L.18.12
Ocean Literacy Standards:
Book Section: 3.1
15.
Which color is least likely to be visible at a depth of 20
meters?
16.
Violet
17.
Blue
18.
Green
19.
Yellow
20.
Orange
Ans: E
Florida Standards: SC.912.L.18.12
Ocean Literacy Standards: 1.e
Book Section: 3.2
16.
Pressure increases with depth by adding one atmosphere of
pressure for every:
A.10 meters of depth.
B. 50 meters of depth.
C. 100 meters of depth.
D. 500 meters of depth.
E. None of the choices are correct; pressure depends on the temperature of
the water.
Ans: A
Florida Standards: SC.912.L.18.12
Ocean Literacy Standards: 5.g
Book Section: 3.2
17.
Sound travels faster in the ocean compared to in the air
primarily because:
18.
The ocean is deeper.
19.
There is a smaller temperature range in the ocean.
20.
The ocean is denser.
21.
Currents carry sound faster than wind carries sound.
22.
The ocean is noiser.
Ans: C
Florida Standards: SC.912.P.10.20
Ocean Literacy Standards:
Book Section: 3.2
18.
Which ions comprise about 85% of the solutes in seawater?
A. Magnesium and sulfate
B.Sodium and chloride
C. Calcium and carbonate
D. Potassium and chloride
E. Calcium and sulfate
Ans: B
Florida Standards: SC.912.L.17.7
Ocean Literacy Standards: 1.e
Book Section: 3.2
19.
The salinity of water is generally expressed in:
A. Kilograms per liter of water.
B. Total weight per pound.
C. Percentage per liter.
D.Parts per thousand.
E. Percentage per thousand.
Ans: D
Florida Standards: SC.912.L.17.7
Ocean Literacy Standards: 1.e
Book Section: 3.2
20.
The rule of constant proportions expresses that:
A. Salinity varies with geographical location.
B. The percentage of sodium varies with depth.
C. The percentage of chlorine varies with geographical location.
D. Salinity varies depending on the season.
E.The relative concentration of ions does not change.
Ans: E
Florida Standards: SC.912.L.17.7
Ocean Literacy Standards: 1.e
Book Section: 3.2
21.
Salinity of seawater increases:
A. With an increase in rain.
B. Near the mouth of rivers.
C. Around ice as it melts in spring.
D. With a decrease in depth.
E.As evaporation increases.
Ans: E
Florida Standards: SC.912.L.17.7
Ocean Literacy Standards: 1.e
Book Section: 3.2
22.
Why are water temperatures below 0°C possible in the ocean?
23.
Ice floats.
24.
Hydrogen bonds.
25.
The ocean is salty.
26.
Pressure.
27.
Latent heat.
Ans: C
Florida Standards: SC.912.L.17.7
Ocean Literacy Standards: 1.e
Book Section: 3.2
23.
Materials that contain carbon are called:
24.
Organics.
25.
Nutrients.
26.
Trace elements.
27.
Carbonics.
28.
Dissolved gases.
Ans: A
Florida Standards:
Ocean Literacy Standards:
Book Section: 3.1
24.
How does the oxygen content of the ocean compare to the air that
humans breathe?
A. Higher oxygen content
B.Lower oxygen content
C. No significant difference
D. Depends on the salinity of the water
E. Depends on the depth of the water
Ans: B
Florida Standards: SC.912.L.17.7
Ocean Literacy Standards:
Book Section: 3.2
25.
Which process does not produce
oceanic gases in situ?
26.
Respiration
27.
Gas exchange
28.
Photosynthesis
29.
A and B
30.
A, B, and C
Ans: B
Florida Standards: SC.912.E.7.1
Ocean Literacy Standards: 3.e
Book Section: 3.3
26.
How is inorganic carbon converted into organic compounds?
27.
Respiration
28.
Photosynthesis
29.
Buffering
30.
Gas exchange
31.
Dissolution
Ans: B
Florida Standards: SC.912.E.7.1
Ocean Literacy Standards: 3.e
Book Section: 3.3
27.
An increase in CO2 in
the ocean causes an increase in:
28.
H+ ions.
29.
H2O.
30.
CaCO3.
31.
O2.
32.
pH.
Ans: A
Florida Standards: SC.912.E.7.1
Ocean Literacy Standards: 3.e
Book Section: 3.3
28.
Approximately _______ of the anthropogenic CO2 pumped
into the atmosphere has been absorbed by the oceans.
29.
0%
30.
10%
31.
30%
32.
50%
33.
75%
Ans: C
Florida Standards: SC.912.E.7.9
Ocean Literacy Standards:
Book Section: 3.e
29.
An increase in oceanic CO2 causes
an increase in the dissolution of:
30.
CaCO3.
31.
NaCl.
32.
H2O.
33.
O2.
34.
Trace elements.
Ans: A
Florida Standards: SC.912.E.7.9
Ocean Literacy Standards: 3.e
Book Section: 3.3
30.
________ is likely to be least negatively affected by ocean
acidification.
31.
Corals
32.
Oysters
33.
Pteropods
34.
Squid
35.
Seagrass
Ans: E
Florida Standards: SC.912.L.17.16
Ocean Literacy Standards: 6.e
Book Section: 3.3
31.
All of the following are true of water except
32.
Water has one of the highest heat capacities of any naturally
occurring substance.
33.
Water can dissolve more things than any other natural substance.
34.
The oxygen and hydrogen atoms in water molecules have weak,
opposite charges that create electrical attractions between adjacent water
molecules.
35.
Water is not the most common liquid on the planet, but it is the
only substance that naturally occurs in all three states on Earth.
Ans: D
Florida Standards: SC.912.L.18.12
Ocean Literacy Standards: 1.e
Book Section: 3.1
32.
Which of these features and processes does not add sediments,
salts, and/or other solid materials to the ocean?
33.
Rivers and streams
34.
Hydrothermal vents
35.
Volcanoes
36.
Snow
37.
Evaporation
Ans: E
Florida Standards: SC.912.E.7.1
Ocean Literacy Standards: 1.g
Book Section: 3.2
33.
Increased sea surface temperature has the potential to kill vast
areas of coral because of this phenomenon:
34.
Zooxanthellae
35.
Invasive species
36.
Coral bleaching
37.
Ocean acidification
38.
Oligotrophic
Ans: C
Florida Standards: SC.912.L.14.6 (environmental factors
affecting coral health), SC.912.L.17.4, SC.912.L.17.8, SC.912.L.17.6
Ocean Literacy Standards:
Book Section: 3.3
34.
Besides issues with calcification, how else does ocean
acidification affect marine organisms?
Ans: Greater CO2 concentrations
can cause greater mortality in marine larvae, those in the earliest stages of
life. Ocean acidification can suppress an organism’s immune system,
reduce metabolic rates, and alter their internal chemical balance.
Reduced pH can also change behavior. Under acidified conditions,
clownfish become repulsed by the smell of anemones, their natural habitat.
By avoiding anemones, clownfish allow themselves to be more vulnerable to
predation. Ocean acidification has also shown to make squids more
sluggish, probably making them less effective predators and more vulnerable to
their own predators.
Florida Standards: SC.912.E.7.1, SC.912.E.7.9, SC.912.L.17.8,
SC.912.L.17.16, LA.910.2.2.3
Ocean Literacy Standards: 3.f, 6.e
Book Section: 3.3
35.
Using what you’ve learned in this chapter, how would you expect
temperature, salinity, oxygen, pressure, visibility, and CO2 levels
to compare between the surface of the open ocean and 3,000 meters below in the
water column?
Ans: Temperature: likely colder at depth, unless at the poles,
then probably similar
Salinity: probably very similar, although a heavy rainfall or
intense evaporation might slightly alter surface salinity
Oxygen: probably higher at the surface since it is there where
photosynthesis occurs, and there is gas exchange at the air-sea interface
Pressure: higher at depth since the water column is above you
Visibility: light levels are higher at the surface so visibility
will be higher there
CO2: likely higher at depth since only respiration takes place
(this might change with climate change)
Florida Standards: SC.912.E.7.1, SC.912.L.17.7, SC.912.L.17.10
Ocean Literacy Standards: 1.e, 3.b, 5.g
Chapter 05
Ocean and Atmospheric Circulation
Multiple Choice Questions
1. The
_______ contains 90% of all atmospheric gas, but the _______ contains ozone.
2. Mesosphere,
troposphere
3. Mesosphere,
stratosphere
4. Stratosphere,
thermosphere
5. Troposphere,
mesosphere
6. Troposphere,
stratosphere
Ans: E
Florida Standards:
Ocean Literacy Standards:
Book Section: 5.1
2. The
Coriolis effect is the direct result of which of the following?
A. Temperature
B. Gravitational pull of the sun
C. Ocean currents
D.Rotation of the earth
E. Wind
Ans: D
Florida Standards:
Ocean Literacy Standards: 1.c
Book Section: 5.1
3. Which
of the following is not an
important greenhouse gas?
4. CO2
5. H2O
6. N2
7. CH4
8. N2O
Ans: C
Florida Standards: SC.912.E.7.1
Ocean Literacy Standards: 3.e
Book Section: 5.1
4. Which
of the following does not affect
atmospheric CO2levels of in the natural carbon cycle?
5. Volcanoes
6. Air–sea
exchange
7. Biological
activity
8. Cement
production
9. Photosynthesis
Ans: D
Florida Standards: SC.912.E.7.1
Ocean Literacy Standards: 3.e
Book Section: 5.1
5. Isotopes
have the same number of _______ but a different number of _______.
6. Protons,
neutrons
7. Protons,
electrons
8. Neutrons,
protons
9. Neutrons,
electrons
10.
Electrons, protons
Ans: A
Florida Standards:
Ocean Literacy Standards:
Book Section: 5.1
6. The
tropics lie between:
7. The
Tropic of Cancer and 23.5°N.
8. The
Tropic of Capricorn and 23.5°N.
9. The
Tropic of Cancer and the Equator.
10.
The Tropic of Capricorn and the Equator.
11.
The Tropic of Capricorn and 23.5°S.
Ans: B
Florida Standards:
Ocean Literacy Standards:
Book Section: 5.1
7. An
area of low pressure is characterized by:
8. Sinking
cool air.
9. Rising
cool air.
10.
Sinking warm air.
11.
Rising warm air.
12.
Clear skies.
Ans: D
Florida Standards:
Ocean Literacy Standards:
Book Section: 5.1
8. Which
of the following has the largest effect on atmospheric wind patterns?
9. Depth
of the sea
10.
Clouds
11.
Temperature
12.
Volcanoes
13.
Gravitational pull of sun and moon
Ans: C
Florida Standards:
Ocean Literacy Standards: 1.c
Book Section: 5.1
9. Trade
winds:
10.
Are unaffected by the Coriolis effect.
11.
Diverge from the Equator at a 90 degree angle.
12.
Develop between 30 degrees north and 30 degrees south.
13.
Move north in the Northern Hemisphere.
14.
Change direction depending on ocean currents.
Ans: C
Florida Standards:
Ocean Literacy Standards: 1.c
Book Section: 5.1
10.
Winds that move toward the east are known as the:
11.
Doldrums
12.
Tradewinds
13.
Westerlies
14.
Polar easterlies
15.
Jet stream
Ans: C
Florida Standards:
Ocean Literacy Standards: 1.c
Book Section: 5.1
11.
The Ekman spiral occurs as a result of:
A. Salinity.
B. Transparency.
C. Pressure.
D. Dissolved gases.
E.Wind.
Ans: E
Florida Standards: SC.912.E.7.Su.b
Ocean Literacy Standards: 1.c
Book Section: 5.2
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