Manual of Structural Kinesiology 20Th Edition By R .T. Floyd and Clem Thompson – Test Bank
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Sample Test
Chapter 03
Basic Biomechanical Factors and Concepts
True / False Questions
1. Biomechanics
is the study of mechanics related to the functional and anatomical analysis of
biological systems.
TRUE
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2. Statics
involves the study of systems that are in a constant state of motion.
TRUE
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3. In
statics all forces acting on a body are in balance, resulting in the body being
in equilibrium.
TRUE
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4. Dynamics
involves the study of systems in motion with acceleration.
TRUE
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5. Levers
rotate about an axis of rotation as a result of force being applied to them to
cause their movement in the same direction as the resistance.
FALSE
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6. In
the context of first-class levers, the agonist and antagonist muscle groups may
contract simultaneously on either side of a joint axis.
TRUE
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7. A
resistance arm is defined as the distance between an axis and the point of
resistance application.
TRUE
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8. Slight
variations in the location of a force and a resistance have no effect in
determining the mechanical advantage (MA) and effective force of a muscle.
FALSE
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9. Short
force arms and long resistance arms require great muscular strength to produce
movement.
TRUE
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10.
In the context of wheels and axles, only the radius of the wheel
corresponds to the force arms.
FALSE
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11.
Linear displacement is the distance a system moves in a straight
line.
TRUE
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12.
Angular displacement is the change in location of a linearly
moving body.
FALSE
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13.
Mass is the effect of gravity on the amount of matter in a body.
FALSE
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14.
The mass of an object affects the speed and acceleration of the
object in physical movements.
TRUE
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15.
Friction is the force that results from the resistance between
the surfaces of two objects moving on each another.
TRUE
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16.
Static friction is always greater than kinetic friction and
rolling friction.
TRUE
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17.
Muscles are the main source of force that produces or changes
movement of a body segment or an entire body.
TRUE
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18.
In rapid running movements in which moving inertia is high, an
individual has to raise the body’s center of gravity to maintain balance when
stopping or changing direction.
FALSE
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19.
Velocity is how fast an object is moving, or the distance an
object travels in a specific amount of time.
FALSE
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20.
Impulse is the product of force and time.
TRUE
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21.
A person riding a bicycle in a straight line at 7.5 miles per
hour would be more balanced than the same person riding the bicycle at 4.8
miles per hour in a straight line.
TRUE
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22.
A football player in a four-point stance has more balance than
the same football player in a three-point stance.
TRUE
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23.
Assuming that the bat speed and pitched ball velocity were the
same, the ball hit with the middle of the bat would travel farther than the
ball hit with the larger end of the bat.
FALSE
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Multiple Choice Questions
24.
Kinematics is concerned with the description of motion and
includes consideration of each of the following except:
A.time.
B. displacement.
C. velocity.
D. force.
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25.
Which of the following does not describe a way in which machines
function?
A.By balancing multiple forces
B. By
enhancing force in an attempt to increase total force needed to overcome a
resistance
C. By enhancing range of motion and speed of movement so that resistance
can be moved farther or faster than an applied force
D. By altering the resulting direction of an applied force
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26.
Which of the following is the most common form of simple machine
found in the human body?
A.Pulleys
B. Wheels/axles
C. Levers
D. None of the answers is correct.
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27.
In the context of the factors in use of anatomical levers, which
of the following statements defines the term force arm?
A.The longest distance from the axis of rotation to the line of action of the
force
B. The
perpendicular distance between the location of force application and an axis
C. The distance between an axis and the point of resistance application
D. The shortest distance from the axis of rotation to the point of
resistance application
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28.
In the human body when the triceps applies a force to the
olecranon in extending the nonsupported forearm at the elbow, it exemplifies:
A.first-class
levers.
B. second-class levers.
C. third-class levers.
D. None of the answers is correct.
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29.
Which of the following exemplifies a second-class lever in the
human body?
A.Plantar
flexion of the ankle to raise the body on the toes
B. When the iliopsoas is used to flex the thigh at the hip
C. The biceps brachii
D. When the hamstrings contract to flex the leg at the knee in a standing
position
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30.
Which of the following pairs of variables exhibits an inverse
relationship?
A.Force and the force arm
B. Resistance and the resistance arm
C. Both
force and the force arm and resistance and the resistance arm
D. None of the answers is correct.
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31.
Which of the following is a primary purpose of wheels and axles
in the musculoskeletal system?
A.To increase force
B. To
enhance range of motion
C. To decrease speed of movement
D. To decrease range of motion
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32.
Which of the following statements accurately represents the
relationship between linear and angular motion?
A.Angular
motion of joints produces the linear motion of walking.
B. Linear motion of joints produces an angular motion.
C. Angular motion of joints produces the linear motion of walking, and
linear motion of joints produces an angular motion.
D. None of the answers is correct.
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33.
Which of the following statements is true about velocity?
A.It is the distance an object travels in a specific amount of time.
B. It
is the rate at which an object changes its position.
C. It is independent of the rate of displacement.
D. It is inversely proportional to how fast an object is moving.
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34.
Newton’s law of inertia states that:
A.for every action there is an opposite and equal reaction.
B. a
body in motion tends to remain in motion at the same speed in a straight line unless
acted on by a force.
C. a change in the acceleration of a body occurs in the same direction as
the force that caused it.
D. None of the answers is correct.
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35.
Which of the following terms refers to the tendency for the
current state of motion to be maintained, whether a body segment is moving at a
particular velocity or is motionless?
A.Torque
B. Balance
C. Inertia
D. Momentum
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36.
Identify Newton’s law of acceleration.
A.For every action there is an opposite and equal reaction.
B. A body in motion tends to remain in motion at the same speed in a
straight line unless acted on by a force.
C. A
change in the acceleration of a body occurs in the same direction as the force
that caused it.
D. None of the answers is correct.
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37.
Which of the following terms is defined as the rate of change in
velocity?
A.Momentum
B. Acceleration
C. Inertia
D. Impulse
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38.
Identify Newton’s law of reaction.
A.For
every action there is an opposite and equal reaction.
B. A body in motion tends to remain in motion at the same speed in a
straight line unless acted on by a force.
C. A change in the acceleration of a body occurs in the same direction as
the force that caused it.
D. None of the answers is correct.
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39.
Which of the following is a type of friction?
A.Static
B. Kinetic
C. Both
static and kinetic
D. None of the answers is correct.
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40.
Which of the following statements is true about kinetic
friction?
A.It
is the friction between two objects that are sliding along each other.
B. It is the amount of friction between two objects that are currently
stationary.
C. It is always greater than static friction.
D. It is much less than rolling friction.
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41.
Which of the following statements is false about forces?
A.They either push or pull on an object in an attempt to affect motion or shape.
B. They are the product of mass times acceleration.
C. Without forces acting on an object, there is no motion.
D. They
are relative to the mass of an object.
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42.
Which of the following is not an example of forces that act
individually or in combination to provide mechanical loading that may result in
excessive tissue deformation?
A.Compression
B. Straightening
C. Shear
D. Bending
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43.
Which of the following statements is correct?
A.Static friction is always much less than rolling friction.
B. Static
equilibrium is when the body is at rest or completely motionless.
C. Kinetic friction is always much less than rolling friction.
D. None of the answers is correct.
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44.
Which of the following could be done to reduce the amount of
force needed to move a lever?
A.Move the resistance closer to an axis
B. Apply the force farther from an axis
C. Decrease the amount of resistance
D. All
of the answers are correct.
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45.
Which of the following levers would be best to use to move a
specific object if your only objective was a slight movement of the object?
A.A first-class lever with a resistance arm of 10 and a force arm of 10
B. A
second-class lever with a resistance arm of 10 and a force arm of 20
C. A third-class lever with a resistance arm of 20 and a force arm of 10
D. Each lever would be just as effective as the others
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46.
Which of the following levers would be best to use to move a
specific object if your only objective was speed of the object’s movement?
A.A first-class lever with a resistance arm of 10 and a force arm of 10
B. A second-class lever with a resistance arm of 10 and a force arm of 20
C. A
third-class lever with a resistance arm of 20 and a force arm of 10
D. Each lever would be just as effective as the others
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47.
_____ occurs when all the applied and inertial forces acting on
a moving body are in balance, resulting in movement with unchanging speed or
direction.
A.Dynamic
equilibrium
B. Acceleration
C. Treppe
D. Static equilibrium
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48.
Momentum, or the quality of motion, is equal to _____.
A.the rate of change in velocity
B. mass times acceleration
C. the product of force and time
D. mass
times velocity
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49.
The _____ is the point at which all of the body’s mass and
weight is equally balanced or equally distributed in all directions.
A.balance point
B. point of equilibrium
C. axis
D. center
of gravity
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Chapter 05
The Shoulder Joint
True / False Questions
1. The
origin of the pectoralis major muscle is the coracoid process of the scapula.
FALSE
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2. The
insertion of the coracobrachialis muscle is on the coracoid process of the
scapula.
FALSE
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3. The
teres minor muscle is innervated by the axillary nerve arising from C5 and C6.
TRUE
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4. The
deltoid muscle is innervated by the axillary nerve arising from C5 and C6.
TRUE
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5. The
sternal head of the pectoralis major muscle is innervated by the lateral
pectoral nerve arising from C5, C6, and C7.
FALSE
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6. The
glenohumeral joint is paired with the shoulder girdle to accomplish the total
shoulder range of motion.
TRUE
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7. The clavicular
head of the pectoralis major muscle is innervated by the lateral pectoral nerve
arising from C5, C6, and C7.
TRUE
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8. The
infraspinatus muscle is innervated by the suprascapular nerve arising from C5
and C6.
TRUE
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9. The
coracobrachialis muscle is innervated by the musculocutaneous nerve arising
from C5, C6, and C7.
TRUE
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10.
The origin of the pectoralis major upper fibers is the medial
half of the anterior surface of the clavicle.
TRUE
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11.
The origin of the pectoralis major lower fibers is the anterior
surface of the costal cartilages of the first six ribs, and adjoining portion
of the sternum.
TRUE
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12.
The insertion of the pectoralis major muscle is on the flat
tendon 2 or 3 inches wide to the lateral lip of the intertubercular groove of
the humerus.
TRUE
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13.
The origin of the deltoid muscle includes the anterior lateral
third of the clavicle and the lateral aspect of the acromion.
TRUE
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14.
The insertion of the deltoid muscle is on the humeral tuberosity
on the lateral humerus.
FALSE
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15.
In the context of shoulder joint movements, abduction refers to
an upward lateral movement of the humerus in the frontal plane out to the side,
away from the body.
TRUE
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16.
Posterior dislocations occur frequently at the glenohumeral
joint.
FALSE
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17.
The rotator cuff group includes the subscapularis, the
supraspinatus, the infraspinatus, and the teres minor muscles.
TRUE
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18.
The shoulder joint agonists that are associated with diagonal
adduction are the posterior deltoid, the infraspinatus, and the teres minor
muscles.
FALSE
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19.
The shoulder joint agonists that perform flexion are the
anterior deltoid, the upper pectoralis major, and the coracobrachialis muscles.
TRUE
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20.
The supraspinatus muscle holds the head of the humerus in the
glenoid fossa.
TRUE
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21.
The action performed by the subscapularis muscle is opposite to
the action performed by the infraspinatus muscle.
TRUE
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22.
The stability of the glenohumeral joint is enhanced by its
significant mobility.
FALSE
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23.
The deltoid anterior fibers are responsible for the internal
rotation and the deltoid posterior fibers are responsible for the external
rotation of the glenohumeral joint.
TRUE
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24.
Glenohumeral joint stability is enhanced slightly by the glenoid
labrum.
TRUE
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Multiple Choice Questions
25.
Which of the following muscles of the shoulder joint is located
on the posterior surface of the scapula?
A.The pectoralis major muscle
B. The coracobrachialis muscle
C. The
supraspinatus muscle
D. The subscapularis muscle
26.
Which of the following statements is true about the shoulder
joint?
A.It
is a multiaxial ball-and-socket joint classified as enarthrodial.
B. Its movement is restricted to the sagittal plane.
C. It is anatomically designed to avoid being frequently injured.
D. Its stability is enhanced considerably by the glenoid labrum.
27.
Which of the following is an action of the middle fibers of the
deltoid muscles?
A.Abduction
and horizontal abduction
B. Extension
C. Flexion
D. Adduction and horizontal adduction
28.
Which of the following is a primary action of the latissimus
dorsi muscle?
A.Extension
of the glenohumeral joint
B. External rotation of the glenohumeral joint
C. Flexion of the glenohumeral joint
D. Diagonal abduction of the glenohumeral joint
29.
The latissimus dorsi muscle inserts on the:
A.posterior crest of the ilium.
B. back of the sacrum.
C. medial
lip of the intertubercular groove of the humerus.
D. spinous processes of the lumbar and lower six thoracic vertebrae.
30.
Which of the following is not an origin of the latissimus dorsi
muscle?
A.Posterior crest of the ilium
B. Back of the sacrum
C. Spinous processes of the lumbar and lower six thoracic vertebrae
D. Medial
lip of the intertubercular groove of the humerus
31.
Which of the following is an action of the latissimus dorsi
muscle?
A.Internal rotation
B. External rotation
C. Extension
D. Both
internal rotation and extension
32.
Which of the following is not an action of the pectoralis major
muscle?
A.Internal rotation
B. Pronation
C. Flexion
D. Abduction
33.
The latissimus dorsi muscle originates on the:
A.posterior
crest of the ilium.
B. front of the sacrum.
C. spinous processes of the lumbar and lower eight thoracic vertebrae.
D. slips from the lower seven ribs.
34.
Which of the following is the broadest muscle of the back and is
sometimes referred to as the swimmer’s muscle?
A.The coracobrachialis muscle
B. The deltoid muscle
C. The pectoralis major muscle
D. The
latissimus dorsi muscle
35.
Which of the following muscles works effectively with the
latissimus dorsi and is said to be the latissimus dorsi’s “little helper”?
A.The
teres major muscle
B. The pectoralis major muscle
C. The coracobrachialis muscle
D. The deltoid muscle
36.
Which of the following is not considered to be a muscle in the
rotator cuff group?
A.The
teres major muscle
B. The teres minor muscle
C. The infraspinatus muscle
D. The subscapularis muscle
37.
An action common to the latissimus dorsi, teres major, and lower
pectoralis major is _____.
A.abduction
B. extension
C. external rotation
D. flexion
38.
Which of the following is considered to be an extrinsic
glenohumeral muscle?
A.The deltoid muscle
B. The coracobrachialis muscle
C. The teres major muscle
D. The
latissimus dorsi muscle
39.
Which of the following is not an intrinsic glenohumeral muscle?
A.The deltoid muscle
B. The coracobrachialis muscle
C. The teres major muscle
D. The
pectoralis major muscle
40.
Which of the following is not an anterior muscle of the shoulder
joint?
A.The pectoralis major muscle
B. The coracobrachialis muscle
C. The
supraspinatus muscle
D. The subscapularis muscle
41.
An action common to the latissimus dorsi, the teres major, and
the lower pectoralis major muscles is _____.
A.abduction
B. adduction
C. external rotation
D. flexion
42.
Which of the following is not a factor that contributes to the
injury rate of the glenohumeral joint?
A.Shallowness of glenoid fossa
B. Laxity of the ligamentous structures
C. Lack of strength and endurance in the muscles
D. Tight
configuration of ligaments
43.
An action common to the latissimus dorsi, the teres major, the
subscapularis, and the pectoralis major muscles is _____.
A.abduction
B. adduction
C. internal
rotation
D. extension
44.
An action common to the teres minor and the infraspinatus
muscles is _____.
A.abduction
B. adduction
C. external
rotation
D. internal rotation
45.
Stabilization of the humeral head in the glenoid fossa is a
primary action of the _____.
A.subscapularis
muscle
B. coracobrachialis muscle
C. teres major muscle
D. latissimus dorsi muscle
46.
Which of the following is the most often injured rotator cuff
muscle?
A.The subscapularis muscle
B. The infraspinatus muscle
C. The teres minor muscle
D. The
supraspinatus muscle
47.
Which of the following is the most powerful of the external
rotators and is the second most commonly injured rotator cuff muscle?
A.The supraspinatus muscle
B. The teres minor muscle
C. The subscapularis muscle
D. The
infraspinatus muscle
Essay Questions
48.
Explain how the glenohumeral joint remains stable during
movement. Provide information about specific muscles and ligaments to support
your answer.
Answers will vary.
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49.
List the two muscles of the shoulder joint that are considered
to be extrinsic.
50.
The latissimus dorsi muscle
2. The pectoralis major muscle
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