Manual Of Structural Kinesiology 19th Edition Test Bank
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Sample
Test
Chapter 03
Basic Biomechanical Factors and Concepts
True / False Questions
1. Biomechanics
is the study of mechanics related to the functional and anatomical analysis of
biological systems.
TRUE
2. Statics
is the study of systems that are in a constant state of motion.
TRUE
3. A
constant state of motion accurately describes a system when no motion is
occurring.
TRUE
4. Dynamics
is the study of systems in motion that are subjected to acceleration.
TRUE
5. Levers
rotate about an axis of rotation as a result of a force being applied to cause
movement in the same direction as the resistance.
FALSE
6. In a
first class lever arrangement the agonist and antagonist muscle groups may
contract simultaneously on either side of a joint axis.
TRUE
7. In
order for rotation to occur in objects with a fixed axis an eccentric force
must be applied.
TRUE
8. The
resistance arm is the distance between the axis and the point of lever application.
FALSE
9. Minor
variations in the point of force application have no effect in determining the
effective force of the muscle.
FALSE
10. Overall
the human leverage system is built for speed and range of movement at the
expense of force generation.
TRUE
11. Short
force arms and long resistance arms require greater muscular force to produce
movement as compared to longer force arms with a long resistance arm.
TRUE
12. In a
wheel axle mechanical arrangement only the radius of the wheel corresponds to
the force arm.
FALSE
13. Linear
displacement is the distance that a system moves along a straight line.
TRUE
14. Angular
displacement is the change in location of a linearly moving body.
FALSE
15. Mass
is the effect of gravity on the amount of matter in the body.
FALSE
16. The
mass of an object affects the speed and acceleration of the object during
movement.
TRUE
17. Friction
is the force that results from the resistance between the surfaces of two
objects from moving one moving upon another.
TRUE
18. Muscles
are the main source of force that produce or change movement of a body segment
or the entire body.
TRUE
19. During
rapid running movement where inertia is high the center of gravity of the body
must be raised in order to maintain balance when stopping or changing
direction.
FALSE
20. Some
circumstances exist where movement is improved when the body tends to be
unbalanced.
TRUE
21. Velocity
is how fast an object is moving, or the distance an object travels in a
specific amount of time.
FALSE
22. A
person riding a bicycle in straight line at 7.5 miles an hour would be more
balanced than the same person riding the bicycle 4.8 miles an hour in a
straight line.
TRUE
23. A
football player in a four-point stance has more balance than the same football
player in a three-point stance.
TRUE
24. Assuming
that the bat speed and pitched ball velocity were the same, the ball hit with
the middle of the bat would travel further than the ball hit with the larger
end of the bat.
FALSE
Multiple Choice Questions
25. Which
of the types of muscle contraction is usually utilized in causing an object’s
deceleration?
A.Concentric
B. Eccentric
C. Isokinetic
D. Isometric
26. Kinematics
is the description of motion and includes consideration of each of the
following except?
A.Time
B. Displacement
C. Velocity
D. Forces
27. Which
of the following does not describe a way in which machines function?
A.Balance of multiple forces
B. Enhances
force in an attempt to increase total force needed to overcome a resistance
C. Enhance range of motion & speed of movement so that resistance may
be moved further or faster than applied force
D. Alter resulting direction of the applied force
28. Which
of the following types of machine is most common in the musculoskeletal system
arrangements of the human body?
A.Pulleys
B. Wheel-axles
C. Levers
D. None of the above choices is correct
29. Elbow
extension where the triceps applies force to olecranon process in extending the
non-supported forearm at the elbow is an example of which type of lever
arrangement?
A.First
class
B. Second class
C. Third class
D. None of the above choices is correct
30. Which
of the following is not true regarding the force arm of a lever?
A.Is
determined by multiplying the distance from the axis by the force
B. Also known as the moment arm or torque arm
C. Is the shortest distance from the axis of rotation to the line of
action of the force
D. The greater the distance of the force arm then the more torque produced
by the force
31. Which
of the following pairs of variables exhibits an inverse relationship?
A.The force and the force arm
B. The resistance and the resistance arm
C. Both
of the above statements exhibit an inverse relationship
D. None of the above choices is correct
32. Which
of the following statements is false regarding the proportional relationship
between force components and resistance components?
A.The
closer the force application is to the axis of rotation the greater the amount
of resistance that can be moved
B. If either of the resistance components increase, there must be an
increase in one or both of force components
C. The greater resistance or resistance arm requires greater force or
longer force arm
D. The greater the force or force arm allows a greater amount of
resistance to be moved or a longer resistance arm to be used
33. Which
of the following is a possible advantage of a wheel axle mechanical
arrangement?
A.Increased force
B. Increased
range of motion
C. Decreased speed of movement
D. Decreased range of motion
34. Which
of the following is not considered to be a law of motion and physical activity?
A.Body motion is produced or started by some action of muscular system
B. Motion cannot occur without a force
C. The muscular system is source of force in humans
D. There
are three types of motion
35. Which
of the following is a type of linear motion?
A.Angular motion
B. Curvilinear
motion
C. Angulolinear motion
D. Curviangular motion
36. Which
of the following statements accurately describes the relationship between
linear and angular motion?
A.Angular
motion of the joints produces linear motion.
B. linear Motion of the joints produces angular motion.
C. Both of the above choices are correct.
D. None of the above choices is correct.
37. Which
of the following is Newton’s Law of Inertia?
A.For every action there is an opposite and equal reaction.
B. A
body in motion tends to remain in motion at the same speed in a straight line
unless acted on by a force.
C. A change in the acceleration of a body occurs in the same direction as
the force that caused it.
D. None of the choices is correct.
38. Which
of the following is the Law of Acceleration?
A.For every action there is an opposite and equal reaction.
B. A body in motion tends to remain in motion at the same speed in a
straight line unless acted on by a force.
C. A
change in the acceleration of a body occurs in the same direction as the force
that caused it.
D. None of the above choices is correct.
39. Which
of the following is the Law of Reaction?
A.For
every action there is an opposite and equal reaction.
B. A body in motion tends to remain in motion at the same speed in a
straight line unless acted on by a force.
C. A change in the acceleration of a body occurs in the same direction as
the force that caused it.
D. None of the above choices is correct.
40. Which
of the following is an example of a type of friction?
A.Static
B. Kinetic
C. Both
of the above choices are correct
D. None of the above choices is correct
41. Which
of the following is not among the general factors that positively affect the
achievement of balance?
A.The
center of gravity falls outside the base of support
B. A larger base of support
C. A greater weight of an object
D. A lower center of gravity
42. Which
of the following statements is false regarding forces?
A.May either push or pull on an object
B. Product of mass and acceleration
C. Without forces acting on an object there would be no motion
D. Relative
to the mass of an object
43. Which
of the following is not an example that results from excessive tissue deformation
due to mechanical loading?
A.Compression
B. Straightening
C. Shear
D. Bending
44. Which
of the following factors may enhance stability?
A.Lowering the body’s center of gravity within the base of support
B. Moving the body’s center of gravity closer to the center of the base of
support
C. Both
of the above choices are correct
D. None of the above choices is correct
45. Which
of the following definitions is correct?
A.Rolling friction is always less than static or kinetic friction.
B. Static equilibrium is when the body is at rest or completely
motionless.
C. Both
of the above choices are correct.
D. None of the above choices is correct.
46. For
two objects in contact with each other which of the following would result in
the greatest amount of friction?
A.One object sliding across the other
B. One
object sitting stationary on the other
C. One object rolling across the other
D. The amount of friction would be the same in all of the above examples
47. Which
of the following could be done to reduce the amount of force needed to move a
lever?
A.Move the resistance closer to the axis
B. Apply the force further from the axis
C. Decrease the amount of resistance
D. All
of the above
48. Which
of the following levers would be best to use to move a specific object if your only
objective was slight movement of the object?
A.1st class with resistance arm of 10 and force arm of 10
B. 2nd class
with resistance arm of 10 and force arm of 20
C. 3rd class with resistance arm of 20 and force arm of 10
D. Each would be just as effective as the others
49. Which
of the following levers would be best to use to move a specific object if your
only objective was speed of the object’s movement?
A.1st class with resistance arm of 10 and force arm of 10
B. 2nd class with resistance arm of 10 and force arm of 20
C. 3rd class
with resistance arm of 20 and force arm of 10
D. Each would be just as effective as the others
50. The
point at which all of the body’s mass and weight is equally balanced or equally
distributed in all directions is the _____.
A.balance point
B. point of equilibrium
C. axis
D. center
of gravity
Chapter 04
The Shoulder Girdle
True / False Questions
1. The
actions of serratus anterior include abduction and upward rotation.
TRUE
2. The
insertion of the serratus anterior muscle is the anterior aspect of the whole
length of the medial border of the scapula.
TRUE
3. The
origin of serratus anterior is the surfaces of the upper seven ribs at the side
of the chest.
FALSE
4. The
nerve that innervates the serratus anterior muscle is the long thoracic nerve
(C5-7).
TRUE
5. The
innervation of the trapezius muscle is the accessory nerve (cranial nerve XI)
and branches of (C3-4).
TRUE
6. The
origin of the levator scapulae muscle is the spinous processes of the upper
four cervical vertebrae (C1-4).
FALSE
7. The
medial border of the scapula above the scapular spine is the insertion point of
the levator scapulae.
TRUE
8. The
origin of the pectoralis major muscle includes the anterior surface of the
costal cartilages of the first six ribs.
FALSE
9. The
levator scapulae muscle is responsible for upward rotation of the inferior
angle of the scapula.
FALSE
10. The
levator scapulae muscle is innervated by the dorsal scapular nerve C5 and
branches of C6.
FALSE
11. The sternoclavicular
joint is supported anteriorly by the costoclavicular ligament.
FALSE
12. The
origin of the rhomboid muscles is the spinous processes of the last cervical
(C7) and the first seven thoracic vertebrae (T1-7).
FALSE
13. The
location of the pectoralis minor muscle is such that the muscle may be palpated
with little difficulty.
FALSE
14. The
pectoralis minor can perform adduction, downward rotation, or depression when
activated.
FALSE
15. The
coracoclavicular ligament is particularly important in providing stability to
the acromioclavicular joint.
TRUE
16. The
dorsal scapular nerve (C5) branch of the brachial plexus serves as the
innervation for the rhomboids.
TRUE
17. The
serratus anterior performs abduction in the transverse plane.
TRUE
18. The insertion
of the levator scapulae is the transverse processes of the upper 4 cervical
vertebrae.
TRUE
19. The
trapezius can perform adduction in the transverse plane when activated.
TRUE
20. The
insertion of the pectoralis minor is the coranoid process of the scapula.
FALSE
21. The
origin of the subclavius is the superior aspect of the first rib at its
junction with its costal cartilage.
TRUE
22. The
most palpable shoulder girdle muscle is the trapezius.
TRUE
23. The
acromioclavicular joint has more total range of possible than the
sternoclavicular joint.
FALSE
24. The
scapulothoracic joint consists of the bony articulation of the anterior
scapular moving directly against the posterolateral ribs.
FALSE
Multiple Choice Questions
25. The
muscles that are included in the shoulder girdle group include all of the
following except?
A.Pectoralis
major
B. Trapezius
C. Serratus Anterior
D. Rhomboid major and minor
26. The
actions of the lower portion of the trapezius muscle include all of the
following except?
A.Upward rotation
B. Depression
C. Adduction
D. Elevation
27. Which
of the following is true with respect to the rhomboid muscles?
A.The origin is the spinous processes of the last cervical (C7) and first four
(T1-4) vertebrae
B. The
actions include adduction and downward rotation from an upwardly rotated
position
C. The insertion is the lateral border of the scapula below the spine
D. It is innervated by the anterior scapular nerve (C5)
28. Which
of the following are actions associated with the shoulder girdle?
A.Abduction, horizontal adduction, and flexion
B. Internal rotation, extension, and adduction
C. Horizontal adduction, depression, and abduction
D. Upward
rotation, abduction, and elevation
29. Which
of the following anatomical landmarks is located on the anterior surface of the
scapula?
A.Glenoid fossa
B. Infraspinatus fossa
C. Supraspinatus fossa
D. Subscapular
fossa
30. Which
of the following anatomical landmarks is located on the posterior surface of
the scapula?
A.Glenoid fossa
B. Posterior fossa
C. Infraspinatus
fossa
D. Subscapular fossa
31. Which
of the following actions is not performed by the trapezius?
A.Downward
rotation
B. Upward rotation
C. Elevation
D. Depression
32. Which
of the following actions is performed by the levator scapulae?
A.Downward rotation
B. Upward rotation
C. Elevation
D. Depression
33. Which
of the following muscles is innervated by the branches of C3 and C4 of the
brachial plexus?
A.Rhomboid
B. Trapezius
C. Serratus anterior
D. Pectoralis minor
34. Which
of the following muscles is innervated by the branches of C5, C6 and C7 of the
brachial plexus?
A.Rhomboid
B. Trapezius
C. Serratus
anterior
D. Pectoralis minor
35. Which
of the following is an action performed by the serratus anterior?
A.Upward
rotation
B. Downward rotation
C. Flexion
D. Extension
36. Which
of the following muscles is located most anteriorly on the human body?
A.Rhomboids
B. Levator scapulae
C. Trapezius
D. Serratus
anterior
37. Which
of the following muscles is located most posteriorly on the human body?
A.Pectoralis minor
B. Serratus anterior
C. Trapezius
D. Subclavius
38. Which
of the following muscles perform both elevation and depression?
A.Pectoralis minor
B. Serratus anterior
C. Rhomboids
D. Trapezius
39. Which
of the following muscles perform stabilization and protection of the
sternoclavicular joint?
A.Subclavius
B. Serratus anterior
C. Trapezius
D. Pectoralis minor
40. Which
of the following muscles is not innervated by the spinal accessory nerve and/or
the branches of C5?
A.Rhomboids
B. Trapezius
C. Pectoralis
minor
D. Levator scapulae
41. Which
of the following muscles has a portion of its origin located on the ribs?
A.Trapezius
B. Rhomboids
C. Serratus
anterior
D. Levator scapulae
42. Which
of the following muscles has a portion of its insertion located on the spine of
the scapula?
A.Trapezius
B. Rhomboids
C. Serratus anterior
D. Levator scapulae
43. Which
of the following muscles performs an action in the sagittal plane of motion?
A.Trapezius
B. Rhomboids
C. Serratus anterior
D. Levator scapulae
44. The
most laterally located bony landmark of the scapula is the _____.
A.acromion
process
B. coracoid process
C. glenoid fossa
D. lateral border
45. Which
of the following positions would be best to stretch the pectoralis minor?
A.Protraction
B. Retraction
C. Elevation
D. Depression
46. Which
of the following muscles would best be strengthened by the bench press
exercise?
A.Trapezius
B. Rhomboids
C. Serratus
anterior
D. Levator scapulae
47. Which
of the following muscles would most likely be substantially weakened in an
individual with a winging scapula?
A.Trapezius
B. Rhomboids
C. Serratus
anterior
D. Levator scapulae
48. The
most superiorly located bony landmark of the scapula is the _____.
A.acromion
process
B. coracoid process
C. spine
D. superior angle
49. Raising
the humerus high out to the side to ask a question involves which of the
following scapula motions?
A.Abduction
B. Adduction
C. Elevation
D. Upward
rotation
Essay Questions
50. List
the five (5) anatomical landmarks located on the scapula that can be seen from
a lateral view.
Answer will vary
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