Managerial Statistics, International Edition 8th Edition By Gerald Keller – Test Bank
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Sample Test
CHAPTER 2 SECTION 3: GRAPHICAL AND TABULAR DESCRIPTIVE
TECHNIQUES
MULTIPLE CHOICE
65.
Which of the following represents a graphical presentation of
interval data?
|
a. |
A bar chart. |
|
b. |
A histogram. |
|
c. |
A pie chart. |
|
d. |
All of these choices are true. |
ANS:
B
PTS:
1
REF: SECTION 2.3
66.
Which of the following statements about histograms is false?
|
a. |
A histogram is a summary of interval
data. |
|
b. |
A histogram is made of a series of
intervals, called classes. |
|
c. |
The classes in a histogram cover the
complete range of observations. |
|
d. |
All of these choices are true. |
ANS: D
PTS:
1
REF: SECTION 2.3
67.
Which of the following statements about histograms is false?
|
a. |
The intervals of a histogram do not
overlap. |
|
b. |
Every observation is assigned to one
and only one class in a histogram. |
|
c. |
The intervals of a histogram are
equally wide. |
|
d. |
None of these choices. |
ANS:
D
PTS:
1
REF: SECTION 2.3
68.
Which of the following describes the shape of the histogram
below?
|
a. |
Positively skewed |
|
b. |
Negatively skewed |
|
c. |
Symmetric |
|
d. |
None of these choices |
ANS:
C
PTS:
1
REF: SECTION 2.3
69.
The relative frequency of a class in a histogram is computed by
|
a. |
dividing the frequency of the class by
the number of classes. |
|
b. |
dividing the frequency of the class by
the class width. |
|
c. |
dividing the frequency of the class by
the total of all frequencies. |
|
d. |
None of these choices. |
ANS:
C
PTS: 1
REF: SECTION 2.3
70.
Compare the two histograms below. Which statement is true?
|
a. |
The center of histogram A is lower than
the center of histogram B. |
|
b. |
The center of histogram A is higher
than the center of histogram B. |
|
c. |
The center of histogram A is the same
as the center of histogram B. |
|
d. |
You cannot compare the centers of these
two histograms without the original data. |
ANS:
A
PTS:
1
REF: SECTION 2.3
71.
Compare the two histograms below. Which statement is true?
|
a. |
The spread of histogram A is smaller
than the spread of histogram B. |
|
b. |
The spread of histogram A is larger
than the spread of histogram B. |
|
c. |
The spread of histogram A is the same
as the spread of histogram B. |
|
d. |
You cannot compare the spreads of these
two histograms without the original data. |
ANS:
C
PTS:
1
REF: SECTION 2.3
72.
Compare the two histograms below. Which statement is true?
|
a. |
The shape of histogram A is the same as
the shape of histogram B. |
|
b. |
The shape of histogram A is positively
skewed compared to histogram B. |
|
c. |
The shape of histogram A is negatively
skewed compared to histogram B. |
|
d. |
You cannot compare the shapes of these
two histograms without the original data. |
ANS:
A
PTS:
1
REF: SECTION 2.3
73.
A modal class in a histogram is the class that includes
|
a. |
the largest number of observations. |
|
b. |
the smallest number of observations. |
|
c. |
the largest observation in the data
set. |
|
d. |
the smallest observation in the data
set. |
ANS:
A
PTS:
1
REF: SECTION 2.3
74.
The sum of the relative frequencies for all classes in a
histogram always equals
|
a. |
the number of classes. |
|
b. |
the class width. |
|
c. |
the total of all the frequencies. |
|
d. |
one. |
ANS:
D
PTS:
1
REF: SECTION 2.3
75.
Which of the following statements about shapes of histograms is
true?
|
a. |
A histogram is said to be symmetric if,
when we draw a vertical line down the center of the histogram, the two sides
are identical in shape and size. |
|
b. |
A negatively skewed histogram is one
with a long tail extending to the left. |
|
c. |
A positively skewed histogram is one
with a long tail extending to the right. |
|
d. |
All of these choices are true. |
ANS:
D
PTS:
1
REF: SECTION 2.3
76.
Compare the spread of the two histograms below. Which of the
following is true?
|
a. |
Data Set A has a larger spread than
Data Set B. |
|
b. |
Data Set A has a smaller spread than
Data Set B. |
|
c. |
Data Set A has the same spread as Data
Set B. |
|
d. |
You cannot compare the spreads of these
histograms without the original data. |
ANS:
B
PTS:
1
REF: SECTION 2.3
77.
Which of the following is true about a stem-and-leaf display?
|
a. |
You can recreate the original data set
from it. |
|
b. |
Its shape resembles a histogram turned
on its side. |
|
c. |
It provides an organized way to depict
interval data. |
|
d. |
All of these choices are true. |
ANS:
D
PTS:
1
REF: SECTION 2.3
78.
What does the length of each line of a stem-and-leaf display
represent?
|
a. |
The percentage of observations in the
interval represented by that stem. |
|
b. |
The number of observations in the
interval represented by that stem. |
|
c. |
The total frequency of observations
within or below that stem. |
|
d. |
The number of digits to the left of the
decimal point. |
ANS:
B
PTS:
1
REF: SECTION 2.3
79.
What values are displayed on a cumulative relative frequency
distribution?
|
a. |
The number of observations that fall
into each class interval. |
|
b. |
The proportion of observations that
fall into each class interval. |
|
c. |
The number of observations that fall
below each class interval. |
|
d. |
The proportion of observations that
fall below each class interval. |
ANS: D
PTS:
1
REF: SECTION 2.3
80.
Which of the following describes an ogive?
|
a. |
A graphical representation of
frequencies. |
|
b. |
A graphical representation of relative
frequencies. |
|
c. |
A graphical representation of
cumulative frequencies. |
|
d. |
A graphical representation of
cumulative relative frequencies. |
ANS:
D
PTS:
1
REF: SECTION 2.3
TRUE/FALSE
81.
The intervals (classes) in a histogram do not overlap.
ANS:
T
PTS:
1
REF: SECTION 2.3
82.
The intervals (classes) in a histogram are equally wide.
ANS:
T
PTS:
1
REF: SECTION 2.3
83.
In a histogram, each observation is assigned to one or more
classes.
ANS:
F
PTS:
1
REF: SECTION 2.3
84.
The number of class intervals in a histogram depends on the
number of observations in the data set.
ANS: T
PTS:
1
REF: SECTION 2.3
85.
A relative frequency distribution describes the proportion of
data values that fall within each category.
ANS:
T
PTS:
1
REF: SECTION 2.3
86.
A stem-and-leaf display reveals more information about the
original data than does a histogram.
ANS:
T
PTS:
1
REF: SECTION 2.3
87.
The number of observations within each class may be found in a
frequency distribution.
ANS:
T
PTS:
1
REF: SECTION 2.3
88.
The advantage of a stem-and-leaf display over a histogram is
that we can see the actual observations.
ANS:
T
PTS: 1
REF: SECTION 2.3
89.
According to the stem-and-leaf plot below, the median quiz score
for this data set is 8.
|
Stem-and-leaf of Quiz Score; N = 75 |
||
|
Leaf Unit = 1 |
||
|
9 |
0 |
000112333 |
|
14 |
0 |
56899 |
|
21 |
1 |
0000123 |
|
26 |
1 |
66699 |
|
33 |
2 |
3334445 |
|
(8) |
2 |
66677888 |
|
34 |
3 |
0023344 |
|
27 |
3 |
56669999 |
|
19 |
4 |
000122233 |
|
10 |
4 |
5556667799 |
ANS:
F
PTS:
1
REF: SECTION 2.3
90.
A cumulative relative frequency distribution lists the number of
observations that lie below each of the class limits.
ANS:
F
PTS:
1
REF: SECTION 2.3
91.
According to the stem-and-leaf plot below, this data set has a
negative median.
|
Stem-and-leaf of P/E ratio; N = 75 |
|
||
|
Leaf Unit = 0.01 |
|
||
|
1 |
-2 |
6 |
|
|
2 |
-2 |
0 |
|
|
5 |
-1 |
555 |
|
|
8 |
-1 |
420 |
|
|
22 |
-0 |
99999887777665 |
|
|
36 |
-0 |
44322111111000 |
|
|
(14) |
0 |
01122233333344 |
|
|
25 |
0 |
66678889999 |
|
|
14 |
1 |
0022222334 |
|
|
4 |
1 |
56 |
|
|
2 |
2 |
03 |
|
ANS:
F
PTS:
1
REF: SECTION 2.3
92.
A histogram represents interval data.
ANS:
T
PTS:
1
REF: SECTION 2.3
93.
A stem-and-leaf display represents nominal data.
ANS:
F
PTS:
1
REF: SECTION 2.3
94.
According to the stem-and-leaf plot below, this data set is
symmetric.
|
Stem-and-leaf of P/E ratio; N = 10 |
||
|
Leaf Unit = 0.10 |
||
|
2 |
-1 |
53 |
|
4 |
-0 |
97 |
|
(2) |
-0 |
65 |
|
4 |
0 |
3 |
|
3 |
0 |
6 |
|
2 |
1 |
3 |
|
1 |
1 |
8 |
ANS:
F
PTS:
1
REF: SECTION 2.3
95.
When a distribution has more values to the left and tails off to
the right, it is skewed negatively.
ANS:
F
PTS:
1
REF: SECTION 2.3
96.
A histogram is said to be symmetric if, when we draw a vertical
line down the center of the histogram the two sides are nearly identical.
ANS:
T
PTS:
1
REF: SECTION 2.3
97.
A skewed histogram is one with a long tail extending either to
the right or left.
ANS:
F
PTS: 1
REF: SECTION 2.3
98.
When a distribution has more values to the right and tails to
the left, we say it is skewed negatively.
ANS:
T
PTS:
1
REF: SECTION 2.3
99.
The sum of relative frequencies in a distribution always equals
1.
ANS:
T
PTS:
1
REF: SECTION 2.3
100.
The sum of cumulative relative frequencies always equals 1.
ANS:
F
PTS:
1
REF: SECTION 2.3
101.
The original observations cannot be determined once they are
grouped into a frequency distribution.
ANS:
T
PTS:
1
REF: SECTION 2.3
102.
A modal class is the class with the largest number of observations.
ANS:
T
PTS:
1
REF: SECTION 2.3
103.
Experience shows that few students hand in their statistics
exams early; most prefer to hand them in near the end of the test period. This
means the time taken by students to write exams is positively skewed.
ANS:
F
PTS:
1
REF: SECTION 2.3
104.
The graph below is an example of a histogram.
ANS:
F
PTS:
1
REF: SECTION 2.3
COMPLETION
105.
We create a frequency distribution for interval data by counting
the number of observations that fall into each of a series of intervals, called
____________________.
ANS: classes
PTS:
1
REF: SECTION 2.3
106.
The more observations we have, the ____________________ the
number of class intervals we need to use to draw a useful histogram.
ANS:
larger
higher
greater
PTS:
1
REF: SECTION 2.3
107.
A graph of the frequency distribution for interval data is
called a(n) ____________________.
ANS: histogram
PTS:
1
REF: SECTION 2.3
108.
We determine the approximate width of the classes of a histogram
by subtracting the smallest observation from the largest and dividing the
answer by the number of ____________________.
ANS:
classes
intervals
PTS:
1
REF: SECTION 2.3
109.
A histogram is said to be ____________________ if, when we draw
a vertical line down the center of the histogram, the two sides are identical
in shape and size.
ANS:
symmetric
symmetrical
PTS:
1
REF: SECTION 2.3
110.
A(n) ____________________ histogram is one with a long tail
extending to either the right or the left.
ANS: skewed
PTS: 1
REF: SECTION 2.3
111.
The histogram below has a shape that is ____________________.
ANS:
symmetric
symmetrical
bell shaped
bell-shaped
PTS:
1
REF: SECTION 2.3
112.
It is typical that when taking an exam, few students hand in
their exams early; most prefer to reread their papers and hand them in near the
end of the scheduled exam period. Under this scenario, a histogram of exam
taking times is ____________________ skewed.
ANS: negatively
PTS: 1
REF: SECTION 2.3
113.
In a histogram a(n) ____________________ class is the one with
the largest number of observations.
ANS: modal
PTS:
1
REF: SECTION 2.3
114.
A(n) ____________________ histogram has two peaks, not
necessarily equal in height.
ANS: bimodal
PTS:
1
REF: SECTION 2.3
115.
The length of each line in a step-and-leaf display represents
the ____________________ of that class interval defined by the stems.
ANS:
frequency
count
PTS:
1
REF: SECTION 2.3
116.
A(n) ____________________ is a graphical representation of the
cumulative relative frequencies.
ANS: ogive
PTS:
1
REF: SECTION 2.3
117.
The largest value of a cumulative relative frequency is
____________________.
ANS:
one
1
PTS:
1
REF: SECTION 2.3
118.
A(n) ____________________ display shows the actual observations
as well as the number of observations in each class.
ANS:
stem-and-leaf
stem and leaf
PTS:
1
REF: SECTION 2.3
119.
A(n) ____________________ is a table that sorts data into class
intervals (categories) and gives the number of observations in each interval
(category).
ANS: frequency distribution
PTS:
1
REF: SECTION 2.3
SHORT ANSWER
120.
For what type of data is a histogram appropriate?
ANS:
Interval, numerical, or quantitative data.
PTS:
1
REF: SECTION 2.3
121.
Twenty-five voters participating in a recent election exit poll
in Minnesota were asked to state their political party affiliation. Coding the
data 1 for Republican, 2 for Democrat, and 3 for Independent, the data
collected were as follows: 3, 1, 2, 3, 1, 3, 3, 2, 1, 3, 3, 2, 1, 1, 3, 2, 3,
1, 3, 2, 3, 2, 1, 1, and 3. Develop a frequency distribution and a relative
frequency distribution for this data. What does the data suggest about the
strength of the political parties in Minnesota?
ANS:
|
Party |
Frequency |
Proportion |
|
Republican |
8 |
0.32 |
|
Democrat |
6 |
0.24 |
|
Independent |
11 |
0.44 |
According to the frequency distribution above, the Independents
in Minnesota outnumber the Republicans and Democrats.
PTS:
1
REF: SECTION 2.3
Salesperson Ages
The ages (in years) of a sample of 25 salespersons are as
follows:
|
47 |
21 |
37 |
53 |
28 |
|
40 |
30 |
32 |
34 |
26 |
|
34 |
24 |
24 |
35 |
45 |
|
38 |
35 |
28 |
43 |
45 |
|
30 |
45 |
31 |
41 |
56 |
122.
{Salesperson Ages Narrative} Draw a frequency histogram of this
data which contains four classes. What is the shape of the histogram?
ANS:
This histogram of ages of salespersons is positively skewed.
PTS:
1
REF: SECTION 2.3
123.
{Salesperson Ages Narrative} Draw a frequency histogram of this
data which contains six classes. What is the shape of the histogram?
ANS:
*
This histogram of ages of salespersons is positively skewed.
PTS:
1
REF: SECTION 2.3
124.
{Salespersons’ Ages Narrative} Draw a stem-and-leaf display of
this data. What is the minimum and maximum age of the salespersons in this data
set?
ANS:
|
Stem |
Leaf |
|
2 |
144688 |
|
3 |
0012445578 |
|
4 |
0135557 |
|
5 |
36 |
The minimum age is 21 and the maximum age is 56.
PTS:
1
REF: SECTION 2.3
125.
{Salesperson’s Ages Narrative} Construct an ogive for this data.
Estimate the proportion of salespersons that are: 1) under 30 years of age; 2)
40 years of age or over; and 3) between 40 and 50 years of age.
ANS:
According to the ogive below, the proportions are 0.24; 1 – 0.64
= 0.36; and 0.92 – 0.64 = 0.28, respectively.
PTS:
1
REF: SECTION 2.3
Exam scores
The scores on a calculus exam for a random sample of 40 students
are as follows:
|
63 |
74 |
42 |
65 |
51 |
54 |
36 |
56 |
68 |
57 |
|
62 |
64 |
76 |
67 |
79 |
61 |
81 |
77 |
59 |
38 |
|
84 |
68 |
71 |
94 |
71 |
86 |
69 |
75 |
91 |
55 |
|
48 |
82 |
83 |
54 |
79 |
62 |
68 |
58 |
41 |
47 |
126.
{Exam Grades Narrative} Construct a stem-and-leaf display for
this data set. Describe the shape of the data.
ANS:
|
Stem |
Leaf |
|
3 |
68 |
|
4 |
1278 |
|
5 |
14456789 |
|
6 |
12234578889 |
|
7 |
11456799 |
|
8 |
12346 |
|
9 |
14 |
The data is relatively symmetric and bell shaped.
PTS:
1
REF: SECTION 2.3
127.
{Exam Grades Narrative} Construct frequency and relative
frequency distributions for this data set using seven class intervals. Describe
the shape of the data set.
ANS:
|
Class Limits |
Frequency |
Relative Frequency |
|
30 to 39 |
2 |
0.050 |
|
40 to 49 |
4 |
0.100 |
|
50 to 59 |
8 |
0.200 |
|
60 to 69 |
11 |
0.275 |
|
70 to 79 |
8 |
0.200 |
|
80 to 89 |
5 |
0.125 |
|
90 to 99 |
2 |
0.050 |
|
Total |
40 |
1.00 |
The data is relatively symmetric and bell shaped.
PTS:
1
REF: SECTION 2.3
128.
{Exam Grade Narrative} Construct a relative frequency histogram
for this data set and discuss its shape.
ANS:
The distribution of the data is relatively symmetric and bell
shaped.
PTS:
1
REF: SECTION 2.3
129.
{Exam Grades Narrative} Describe the distribution of exam
scores.
ANS:
The distribution of the data is symmetrical and bell-shaped,
with 67.5% of the observations between 50 and 80. The center looks to be around
65.
PTS:
1
REF: SECTION 2.3
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