Management of Occupational Health And Safety Canadian 7th Edition By Kelloway – Test Bank

 

 

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Sample Questions

 

 

Chapter 4 Hazard Recognition Risk Assessment and Control
MULTICHOICE
1. What is the prerequisite step before engaging in risk assessment?
(A) choosing a qualitative approach
(B) the identification of hazards
(C) choosing a quantitative approach
(D) conducting the risk assessment
Answer : (B)

2. Which of the following is an engineering control?
(A) recognizing the source of the hazard (i.e., the potential energy source)
(B) segregating the hazard in time and space
(C) protecting workers from exposure through personal protective equipment
(D) contacting the Ministry of Labour after an incident
Answer : (B)

3. Many of the colloquial (everyday) names for repetitive strain injuries listed in the textbook refer
to what part of the body?
(A) wrist
(B) back
(C) shoulder
(D) elbow
Answer : (D)

4. Which of the following is an example of a repetitive strain injury?
(A) sprain
(B) tinnitus
(C) Raynaud’s syndrome
(D) dermatitis

Answer : (C)

5. Which of the following most closely reflects the definition of a hazard, as given in the textbook?
(A) any condition or changing set of circumstances that has the potential to cause an injury
(B) the probability of harm actually occurring
(C) the first unsafe act or undesired event that can start the accident sequence
(D) any work activities that can cause injury or harm
Answer : (A)

6. Which of the following is one of the four specific conditions that have been linked to repetitive
strain injuries?
(A) force application to hinge joints
(B) overexertion
(C) high dBA ratings
(D) pinch points
Answer : (A)

7. Careless stacking of boxes such that the boxes later fall on a coworker would be classified as what
type of hazard?
(A) human factor-commission
(B) human factor-omission
(C) human factor-poor judgment
(D) human factor-substandard practice
Answer : (B)

8. Which of the following is an example of an unsafe act?
(A) improper illumination
(B) poor design
(C) inadequate hand washing
(D) defective equipment
Answer : (C)

9. Which of the following is an example of an unsafe condition?
(A) use of defective equipment
(B) poor indoor air quality
(C) failure to wear personal protective equipment
(D) alcohol and drug abuse
Answer : (B)

10. Who is most likely to carry out safety sampling?
(A) in-house safety personnel
(B) a third-party safety professional
(C) the Ministry of Labour
(D) the WSIB/WCB
Answer : (A)

11. What numerical measure is typically used to communicate risk, regardless of how it is assessed?
(A) cost
(B) frequency
(C) severity
(D) probability
Answer : (D)

12. What is another term for a direct unsafe act?
(A) substandard practice
(B) act of omission
(C) poor judgment
(D) human factor
Answer : (A)

13. The consequences of a hazard are assessed through what measure?
(A) probability

(B) likelihood
(C) severity
(D) frequency
Answer : (C)

14. Where does personal protective equipment (PPE) rank in terms of the recommended approach to
hazard control?
(A) the first line of defence
(B) the second line of defence
(C) the third line of defence
(D) the fourth line of defence
Answer : (C)

15. CIUB injuries would fall within what larger category of injuries?
(A) injuries resulting from overuse
(B) overt traumatic injuries
(C) overexertion injuries
(D) awkward working position injuries
Answer : (B)

16. The Centre for Occupational Health and Safety (CCOHS) uses which of the following indicators
of severity of consequences?
(A) very likely harmful, likely harmful, unlikely harmful, very unlikely harmful
(B) minor harmful, moderately harmful, majorly harmful
(C) slightly harmful, moderately harmful, extremely harmful
(D) very likely, likely, unlikely, very unlikely
Answer : (C)

17. Which of the following is an example of a process modification that would be supported by the
Hawthorne studies?
(A) machine guarding

(B) illumination
(C) heat stress testing
(D) job rotation
Answer : (D)

18. In the context of occupational health and safety, what groups of individuals are most likely to
receive kickbacks?
(A) workers
(B) supervisors
(C) managers
(D) ministry inspectors
Answer : (A)

19. Shutting off power to protect emergency responders is an action taken as part of what stage of
hazard control?
(A) precontact control
(B) point of contact control
(C) postcontract control
(D) administrative control
Answer : (B)

20. Which of the following is an example of a lockout?
(A) turning off a stove and placing a sign on it that says “Do not use”
(B) placing a restricted-access sign on a piece of equipment
(C) turning off equipment and securing the fuse box so no one has access to it
(D) isolating the electrical controls on one piece of equipment
Answer : (C)

21. Which of the following is NOT a general lifting guideline?
(A) keep lower body straight
(B) tuck chin into chest

(C) initiate the lift with body weight
(D) avoid twisting and side bending while lifting
Answer : (A)

22. Scenario 4-1
The performing arts (theatre, dance, music) do not always come to mind when hazardous workplaces
are being discussed. However, performers at Canada’s famed Shaw and Stratford festivals
encounter many hazards and OH&S incidents can occur. Imagine a theatre with suspended
overhead lights, trapdoors in the stage, on-stage sets that look real but are built of flimsy materials,
narrow hallways and stairs, and actors engaged in fight scenes using realistic weapons. The same
process of hazard recognition, risk assessment, and control must take place.
Refer to Scenario 4-1: What type of hazard would be represented by an unevenly repaired patch on a
stage that could cause an actor to slip and fall when engaged in a fight scene?
(A) equipment hazard
(B) environment hazard
(C) materials hazard
(D) process hazard
Answer : (B)

23. Scenario 4-1
The performing arts (theatre, dance, music) do not always come to mind when hazardous workplaces
are being discussed. However, performers at Canada’s famed Shaw and Stratford festivals
encounter many hazards and OH&S incidents can occur. Imagine a theatre with suspended
overhead lights, trapdoors in the stage, on-stage sets that look real but are built of flimsy materials,
narrow hallways and stairs, and actors engaged in fight scenes using realistic weapons. The same
process of hazard recognition, risk assessment, and control must take place.
Refer to Scenario 4-1: What analytic technique is available to show why the defective repair
occurred and contributed to the incident?
(A) safety sampling
(B) audit program
(C) positive tree
(D) fault tree
Answer : (D)

24. Scenario 4-1
The performing arts (theatre, dance, music) do not always come to mind when hazardous workplaces

are being discussed. However, performers at Canada’s famed Shaw and Stratford festivals
encounter many hazards and OH&S incidents can occur. Imagine a theatre with suspended
overhead lights, trapdoors in the stage, on-stage sets that look real but are built of flimsy materials,
narrow hallways and stairs, and actors engaged in fight scenes using realistic weapons. The same
process of hazard recognition, risk assessment, and control must take place.
Refer to Scenario 4-1: Under what legislation could the theatre be liable for failing to maintain the
stage in a better condition?
(A) Canada Labour Code
(B) Occupational Health and Safety Act
(C) Workers’ Compensation Act
(D) CSA Standard Z432-94
Answer : (A)

25. Refer to Scenario 4-1: Preventive work plans are often completed according to which of the
following?
(A) legislation
(B) supervisor’s motivation
(C) time available
(D) specific schedule
Answer : (D)

TRUEFALSE
26. A hazard is any activity that may occur on a day-to-day basis as a direct or indirect result of
some human or human-related undertaking.
(A) True
(B) False
Answer : (B)

27. Nico fell asleep for a minute while driving his company vehicle and narrowly missed hitting a car
in the next lane. This would be classified as an OH&S incident.
(A) True
(B) False

Answer : (A)

28. The positive tree provides a graphical representation of how a job should not be done.
(A) True
(B) False
Answer : (B)

29. Working in an awkward position is an example of an overexertion injury.
(A) True
(B) False
Answer : (A)

30. Kim Sung is a member of the Joint Health and Safety Committee at her workplace and she has
been asked to work with an outside safety expert to identify hazards from poor housekeeping
throughout the hospital. A walk-through survey would be an effective way for them to collect this
data.
(A) True
(B) False
Answer : (A)

31. In order to accurately describe the risks involved in using various types of lasers by surgeons at
the clinic, Oleg must consider both likelihood and severity of both overt traumatic and overexertion
injuries.
(A) True
(B) False
Answer : (A)

32. The risk levels set by the Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety (CCOHS) are
expressed in terms of the percentage chance a worker has of encountering that event in their
lifetime.
(A) True
(B) False
Answer : (B)

33. Rina should ignore her coworkers in the woodworking area when they tell her that she should
use compressed air to clean up her work area at the end of the day.
(A) True
(B) False
Answer : (A)

34. Jeremy works in a large shipping area of a courier company. A guard placed around the
perimeter of a conveyor is an example of an engineering control.
(A) True
(B) False
Answer : (A)

35. At the winery, part of Alain’s job involves being lowered through a narrow opening into a giant
tank to clean it out in between batches. The first step in the plan should be to vent the container and
test the air quality to ensure all vapours have been removed.
(A) True
(B) False
Answer : (B)

ESSAY
36. Differentiate between engineering controls and administrative controls, giving an example of
how each could be applied in a situation where workers have to work outside in the summer (e.g.
road crew or roofing crew).

Graders Info :
Engineering controls involve the modification of work processes, equipment, and material in order to
reduce exposure to hazards. Examples would include changing schedules to avoid peak
temperatures taking frequent breaks, providing water at the job site, and adding canopies to heavy
equipment to protect operators from the sun. Engineering controls do not include personal
protective equipment such as sunscreen and sunglasses.
Administrative control is the use of management involvement, employee training, employee rotation,
environmental sampling, and medical surveillance to protect individuals. Examples would include
monitoring workers for signs of heat stroke or dehydration, training employees to recognize signs of
heat exhaustion and dehydration in themselves and coworkers, and rotating workers from heavier
jobs to lighter jobs.

37. Define and give examples of two of the four types of overt traumatic injuries discussed in the
textbook. What are some prevention strategies that an HRM can implement to prevent overt
traumatic injuries?

Graders Info :
Overt traumatic injuries result from individuals coming in contact with objects and equipment (an
energy source). Four types of overt traumatic injuries are being struck by a moving object (material
or equipment); being caught in, under, or between (CIUB) machines; falls; and burn/abrasion
injuries from contact with a source of energy. Overt traumatic injury prevention focuses on
recognizing the source of the hazard, eliminating the hazard, and protecting workers from exposure
to the energy source (e.g. through precontact engineering controls, precontact administrative
controls, and personal protective equipment).
38. Give two different examples of overexertion injuries that an exterior window cleaner working on
a multi-story office building might experience. Explain the basic causes of overexertion injuries and
discuss the impact of pre-existing conditions on overexertion injuries.

Graders Info :
Injuries that window cleaners might experience from their work are back strain from working in
awkward positions and stretching beyond their normal reach, as well as repetitive strain injuries
from using the same motion and holding their wrist and elbow in an awkward position. Pre-existing
conditions such as arthritis and circulation disorders would make these injuries worse or could
trigger the overexertion injury much sooner.
39. Describe and differentiate between the two types of analytical trees used in hazard analysis,
explaining which one is more common, but why the other might facilitate precontact control.

Graders Info :
Analytical trees are the most common form of hazard analysis of which there are two types: a
positive tree (shows graphically how a job should be done) and a fault tree (provides an illustration
of things that can go wrong). The fault tree is the more frequently used tree but a positive tree could
be used to ensure that workers are properly trained and that visual reminders of proper procedures
are posted at the task site. Workers may understand the risk but be slightly off in their risk
perception, underestimating the risk, especially for infrequent or unusual types of occurrences.
Knowing the proper methods and having constant reminders can prevent hazards from reaching
workers in the first place, which is the definition of precontact control.
40. List the four levels of probability and the three levels of consequences provided by the Canadian
Centre for Occupational Health and Safety (CCOHS). Apply the following hazards facing chefs
working in a restaurant kitchen, identifying the injury, likelihood, and typical severity: hot oven,
sharp knives, pots with boiling contents, and hard floors.

Graders Info :
The four levels of probability (likelihood) are very likely (at least once every six months), likely (once
every five years), unlikely (once during working lifetime), and very unlikely (less than 1% chance
during working lifetime). The three levels of consequences are slightly harmful (nuisance) moderate
harm (somewhat debilitating), and extremely harmful (death or severely limiting injury).
●
●

●

●

Burn from coming into contact with hot oven-very likely; consequences are moderately harmful
Cut from sharp knife-very likely; consequences are slightly to moderately harmful, however some
cuts can cause amputation (e.g. end of finger) and untended cuts can lead to more serious
conditions (e.g. flesh-eating disease)
Scald from being splashed by pot of boiling water/oil-very likely to likely depending on type of food
being prepared; consequences could be anywhere from slightly harmful to extremely harmful,
possibly death if entire pot is pulled/dumped over body.
Back pain from standing on hard floors-very likely due to long hours, unless rubber cushioning
mats are provided; consequences range from slightly harmful to moderate harm (over time)

41. Jarrett has just taken a transfer from being a retail store manager to a development opportunity
as the manager of the retail chain’s local distribution centre (warehouse); the new position will help
to prepare him for a long-term career in the company. Discuss the pros and cons of three different
ways that he can quickly familiarize himself with the hazards facing workers in his new work
environment in order to meet his legal responsibilities.

Graders Info :
Talk to People at the Warehouse-quick but may be taken the wrong way
Supervisors and workers can, and have a legal responsibility to, notify the manager of any workplace
hazards, so Jarrett can simply ask about typical hazardous situations whether they have caused
injuries or illnesses in the past or if they are an “accident waiting to happen.”
Joint Health and Safety Committees are also responsible for identifying and dealing with hazards, so
Jarrett can talk to management and worker members of those committees and ensure he attends
upcoming meetings.
Read Company Documents-somewhat time-consuming but detailed
He can consult reports from any past inspections conducted by provincial/territorial/federal
inspectors that are not related to an incident investigation but are as a result of the government
agency trying to improve safety in a particular area (e.g. confined spaces, back strain, or RSI)
Incident investigations require full records and reports, so this is another source of carefully
documented information and Jarrett can check whether recommendations in those reports have
been put into place.
Accident, injury, and claims records, along with first aid records from the workplace and the
industry, provide information on what type of injuries and occupational diseases are associated with
the jobs or tasks being assessed. Minutes of past JHSC meetings and any safety audits will also
provide further information on these incidents.
​
Consult External Sources-quick but generic
Information on hazards inherent to warehouse settings can be found on government and industry
websites, such as www.CCOHS.org, as well as in government and industry publications.

Collect New Data-slowest
Walk-through survey-Jarrett can do a walk-through survey himself and/or call in and work with a
safety professional as they walk through a worksite and note hazards.
Safety sampling is a systematic survey procedure undertaken by safety personnel who record their
observations of unsafe practices on a sampling document, usually done by a third party to ensure
objectivity.
Task and job inventory could be used if jobs have not been well-documented in the past or if jobs
have changed due to the introduction of new technologies.
Analysis of the Plant, Tasks, and Jobs
HRMs should always consider whether a specific hazard they have identified or have been alerted to
requires immediate attention to prevent possible injury. This immediate action could involve
stopping work in the area or ensuring the hazard is controlled without delay.