Management Information Systems 7th Edition Kenneth J Sousa Effy Oz- Test Bank
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Sample Test
CH03_Business_Functions_and_Supply_Chains
1.
2. Productivity
tools are software applications that help workers produce more in less time.
1. True
2. False
ANSWER: True
3. Serving
customers better and faster, as well as learning more about their experiences
and preferences, is facilitatedby decision support systems (DSSs).
1. True
2. False
ANSWER: False
4. The
purpose of marketing is to track every financial transaction within a
company—from a few cents expenditure toa multimillion-dollar purchase, from
salaries and benefits to the sale of every item.
1. True
2. False
ANSWER: False
5. Human
Resources ISs are used extensively for managerial purposes, assisting in organizing
quarterly and annualbudgets for departments, divisions, and entire
corporations.
1. True
2. False
ANSWER: False
6. When
investing in securities, such as stocks and bonds, it is important to know the
prices of securities in real time.
1. True
2. False
ANSWER: True
7. Material
requirements planning (MRP) programs use long-range forecasts to put long-lead
material on order.
1. True
2. False
ANSWER: True
8. Ideally,
the ISs of manufacturing organizations and their suppliers would be linked in a
way that makes themsubsystems of one large system.
1. True
2. False
ANSWER: True
9. Shipping
is the next link in the supply chain after the completion of the process of
marketing products.
1. True
2. False
ANSWER: False
10.
The most important development in hardware to support supply
chain management has been a technology calledradio frequency identification
(RFID).
1. True
2. False
ANSWER: True
11.
Modern customer relationship management (CRM) systems can help
capture the entire customer experience with anorganization, from response to an
online advertisement to automatic replenishment of products to proactive
service.
1. True
2. False
ANSWER: True
12.
Market researchers collect information on what consumers like
and dislike about products through interviews withconsumers and retailers.
1. True
2. False
ANSWER: True
13.
Small businesses cannot use targeted marketing due to their low
budget.
1. True
2. False
ANSWER: False
14.
Automating the personnel selection process does not require that
a current database be maintained.
1. True
2. False
ANSWER: False
15.
Intranets help HR managers post position vacancy announcements
for employees to peruse and consider from theirown PCs.
1. True
2. False
ANSWER: True
16.
Enterprise resource planning systems cannot be used for managing
daily operations.
1. True
2. False
ANSWER: False
17.
Enterprise resource planning applications are expensive.
1. True
2. False
ANSWER: True
18.
defines the degree to which a goal is achieved.
1. Differentiation
Productivity
2. Enhancement
d. Effectiveness
ANSWER: d
19.
is determined by the relationship between resources expended and
the benefits gained in achieving a goal.
1. Efficiency
Displacement
2. Productivity
d. Enhancement
ANSWER: a
20.
specifically refers to the efficiency of human resources.
1. Competence
Productivity
2. Enhancement
d. Compatibility
ANSWER: b
21.
The combination of customer relationship management (CRM) and
supply chain management (SCM) systems isreferred to as _____.
1. decision
support systems (DSSs)
2. enterprise
resource planning (ERP) systems
3. business
intelligence (BI) systems
4. geographic
information systems (GISs)
ANSWER: b
22.
The purpose of is to track every financial
transaction within a company, from a few cents to multimilliondollar purchases,
from salaries and benefits to the sale of every item.
1. human
resources management marketing
2. accounting
d. project management
ANSWER: c
23.
Typically, ISs receive records of routine business
transactions—such as the purchase of raw materials orservices, or the sale of
manufactured goods—from transaction processing systems (TPSs).
1. sales
human resources
2. marketing
d. accounting
ANSWER: d
24.
, which are used to accumulate data about expenditures involved
in producing specific products, makeexcellent use of IT to compile pricing
data.
1. Enterprise
resource planning systems Cost-accounting systems
2. Human
resources systems d. Supply chain management systems
ANSWER: b
25.
The goal of is to manage an organization’s money as
efficiently as possible.
1. financial
managers auditors
2. project
managers d. supervisors
ANSWER: a
26.
are used to execute transactions in which financial institutions
transfer huge amounts of money usingelectronic funds transfer (EFT).
1. Decision
support systems (DSSs) Business intelligence (BI) systems
2. Cash
management systems (CMSs) d. Expert systems (ESs)
ANSWER: c
27.
The time between generating an idea for a product and completing
a prototype that can be mass-manufactured isknown as engineering lead time, or .
1. time
to sell time to distribute
2. time
to produce d. time to market
ANSWER: d
28.
The process of a group of colleagues meeting and working
collaboratively to generate creative solutions and newideas is known as .
1. teleconferencing
brainstorming
2. groupthink
d. think tank
ANSWER: b
29.
The first phase in the supply chain is .
1. procuring
raw materials delivering goods to customers
2. processing
of raw materials into goods d. reducing costs of manufacturing processes
ANSWER: a
30.
participate in physical activities such as cutting and welding
in the manufacturing process.
1. Computer-aided
design systems Expert systems
2. Computer-aided
manufacturing systems d. Just-in-time manufacturing systems
ANSWER: c
31.
Material requirements planning (MRP) programs use to
put long-lead material on order.
1. short-range
forecasts long-range demands
2. just-in-time
accounting d. long-range forecasts
ANSWER: d
32.
The is an important input to material requirements
planning (MRP) applications that includes a list of all rawmaterials and
subcomponent demands.
1. targeted
market list (TML) bill of materials (BOM)
2. economic
order quantity (EOQ) d. convenient order quantity (COQ)
ANSWER: b
33.
The of a specific raw material is the optimal
quantity that allows a business to minimize overstocking andsave cost, without
risking understocking and missing production deadlines.
1. targeted
market list (TML) bill of materials (BOM)
2. economic
order quantity (EOQ) d. convenient order quantity (COQ)
ANSWER: c
34.
In manufacturing, suppliers ship parts directly to
assembly lines, saving the cost of warehousing rawmaterials, parts, and
subassemblies.
1. targeted
ahead-of-time
2. just-in-time
d. total
ANSWER: c
35.
tags contain circuitry that allows recording of information
about a product.
1. Digital
intermediate Open source
2. Radio
frequency identification d. Reengineering
ANSWER: c
36.
When a radio frequency identification tag is attached to a
product, it contains a(n) .
1. universal
product code source code
2. electronic
product code d. object code
ANSWER: c
37.
Mostly, customer relationship management (CRM) systems support
three areas: , sales, and customer service.
1. marketing
human resources
2. manufacturing
d. processing
ANSWER: a
38.
When a pattern of defects is discovered in a product, helps
pinpoint the plant at which it was produced andthe particular lot from which it
came.
1. universal
product code (UPC) electronic product code (EPC)
2. electronic
product code (EPC) d. radio frequency identification (RFID)
ANSWER: d
39.
help to find the populations and regions that are most likely to
purchase a new product or service.
1. Geographic
information systems Market research systems
2. Database
management systems d. Expert systems
ANSWER: b
40.
Computer telephony integration (CTI) is a technique enabling a
computer to use the digital signal coming through atelephone line as in
a computer system.
1. output
input
2. identification
d. feedback
ANSWER: b
41.
The frequently asked questions (FAQs) pages of many companies
have been replaced with options for .
1. questionnaires
open-ended questions
2. graphical
data d. statistical survey
ANSWER: b
42.
are software applications that help workers produce more in less
time.
ANSWER: Productivity tools
43.
receive records of routine business transactions—such as the
purchase of raw materials or services, or the
sale of manufactured goods.
ANSWER: Accounting ISs
44.
One common use for a cash management system is to execute cash
transactions in which financial institutionstransfer huge amounts of money
using .
ANSWER: electronic funds transfer
EFT
electronic funds transfer (EFT)
45.
refers to creating one-of-a-kind products to test design in
three dimensions.
ANSWER: Rapid prototyping
46.
In retail, the manufacturing phase does not exist, so the term refers
only to purchasing of finished goods andthe delivery to customers of those
goods.
ANSWER: supply chain
47.
The considers several factors such as the item’s
cost, the discount schedule for large quantities, the cost ofwarehousing
ordered parts, the cost of alternative uses of the money, and other factors
affecting the cost of orderingthe item.
ANSWER: economic order quantity
EOQ
economic order quantity (EOQ)
48.
When the process of manufacturing products is complete, the next
link in the supply chain is .
ANSWER: shipping
49.
When a(n) _____ tag is attached to a product, it contains a
electronic product code.
ANSWER: radio frequency
identificationRFID
radio frequency identification (RFID)
50.
systems are designed to support any and all relationships with
customers.
ANSWER: Customer relationship
managementCRM
Customer relationship management (CRM)
51.
is marketing over the telephone and it makes extensive use of
IT.
ANSWER: Telemarketing
52.
equips traveling salespeople with information technology to
facilitate their productivity.
ANSWER: Salesforce automation
53.
areintraorganizational networks that support web applications
and help HR managers post position vacancyannouncements for employees to peruse
and consider from their own PCs.
ANSWER: Intranets
54.
emulates situations in which an employee must act and includes
tests and modules to evaluate a trainee’sperformance.
ANSWER: Training software
55.
To optimize employee benefits, some companies use special
software, incorporating a(n) that determines theoptimal health and retirement
plans for each employee based on factors such as marital status, age,
occupation, andother data.
ANSWER: expert system
56.
Enterprise resource planning systems can also serve as
ANSWER: supply chain management
SCM
supply chain management (SCM)
57.
Companies can reduce their inventory by communicating with their
suppliers through a shared system andletting them know the exact
number of units of each item they need and the exact time they need them.
ANSWER: supply chain management
SCM
supply chain management (SCM)
58.
What is the purpose of accounting?
ANSWER: The purpose of accounting is
to track every financial transaction within a company—from a few
centsexpenditure to a multimillion dollar purchase, from salaries and benefits
to the sale of every item.Without tracking the costs of labor, materials, and
purchased services using a cost-accounting system, acompany might discover too
late that it sells products below what it costs to make them. Without asystem
of accounts receivable, managers might not know who owes the company how much
money andwhen it is due. Without an accounts payable system, they cannot know
how much money the companyowes suppliers and when payments are due. Without a system
that records and helps plan cash flow,managers cannot keep enough cash in the
bank to make payments on schedule. At the year’s end, thecompany cannot present
a picture of its financial situation—called a balance sheet—and a profit-andloss
report, unless it maintains a general ledger to record every transaction with a
financial impact.Accounting systems are required by law and for proper
management. General ledger, accountsreceivable, accounts payable, and cash-flow
books conveniently lend themselves to computerization andcan easily generate
balance sheets and profit-and-loss statements from records.
59.
What are the phases of a supply chain?
ANSWER: In its fundamental form, a
supply chain consists of three phases: procurement of raw materials,processing
the materials into intermediate and finished goods, and delivery of the goods
to customers.Processing raw materials into goods is manufacturing.In retail,
the manufacturing phase does not exist, so the term “supply chain” refers only
to the purchasingof finished goods and the delivery to customers of those
goods.In the service industries the term “manufacturing” is practically
meaningless because no raw materialsare purchased and processed.
60.
Discuss the main characteristics of radio frequency
identification (RFID).
ANSWER: The most important
development in hardware to support supply chain management (SCM) has been
atechnology called radio frequency identification (RFID). RFID tags contain
circuitry that allowsrecording of information about a product.When attached to
a product, it contains an electronic product code (EPC), which replaces the
universalproduct code (UPC) with much more information. The tag can include the
date of manufacturing, theplant in which the product was made, lot number,
expiration date, destination, and many other details thathelp track its
movement and sale. The information can be read and also revised by special
RFIDtransceivers (transmitter-receiver devices). Items with rewritable tags can
contain the maintenancehistory of products, which helps optimize maintenance of
the items.
61.
In the context of information, what is privacy?
ANSWER: In the context of
information, privacy is your right to control information about yourself. For
example, you maintain your privacy if you keep to yourself your college grades,
medical history, or the name of theorganization with which you interviewed for
a position. Someone who receives such information withoutyour permission is
violating your privacy.
62.
What difficulties do organizations face for implementing an
enterprise resource planning (ERP) system?
ANSWER: Enterprise resource planning
(ERP) packages are quite complex. Because they are not tailored to theneeds of
specific clients, they often require adjustment and fine-tuning for specific
organizations.Therefore, their installation and testing involve experts who are
usually employees of the softwarevendor or professionals who are certified for
such work by the vendor.
Even with adjustments—often called “tweaking”—potential adopters
must remember that the systemwas designed for an entire industry, not for the
way an individual organization does business. If theorganization has a
competitive advantage thanks to a unique set of business processes, this
advantagemay diminish or disappear when the system is installed, because to a
large degree the system dictateshow business processes should be conducted. The
system requirements are quite rigid, and thereforecustomization of ERP systems
is limited.
ERP applications are expensive; modules cost millions of
dollars. Buyers usually must allocate severalmore million dollars to pay for
installation and modifications. Installation often takes many months
tocomplete, and budget and time overruns are common.
Implementation of ERP systems can fail because of formidable
challenges: the gap between systemcapabilities and business needs, lack of
expertise on the consultant’s part, and mismanagement of theimplementation
project. The business research firm Standish Group found that only 10 percent
of ERPimplementation projects are completed as planned, on time, and within
budget. Fifty-five percent arecompleted late or over budget (which usually
means loss of business and revenue), and the other 35percent of such projects
are canceled because of difficulties. At HewlettPackard, one of the
world’slargest computer and IT equipment makers, a $400 million loss in the
third quarter of 2004 was blamedon poorly managed migration to a new ERP
system.
Ch05_Business_Software
1. The
two major categories of software are application software and operation
software.
1. True
2. False
ANSWER: False
2. The
only language that computer hardware understands is a series of electrical
signals that represent bits and bytes.
1. True
2. False
ANSWER: True
3. 3GLs
are significantly less procedural than 4GLs.
1. True
2. False
ANSWER: False
4. In
traditional programming, data and the operations to manipulate the data are
kept separate from each other.
1. True
2. False
ANSWER: True
5. A
compiler checks one statement at a time.
1. True
2. False
ANSWER: False
6. If
the first statement that an interpreter checks is free of syntactic errors, it
inteprets the statement into object codeand makes the computer execute it.
1. True
2. False
ANSWER: True
7. When you
purchase an application, whether a computer game or a business program, you
purchase a compiledversion of the code, that is, the object code.
1. True
2. False
ANSWER: True
8. Project
management tools enable the creation and manipulation of local or shared databases.
1. True
2. False
ANSWER: False
9. Hypermedia
enables linking text, pictures, sounds, animations, and video.
1. True
2. False
ANSWER: True
10.
Web page development packages expedite development of webpages.
1. True
2. False
ANSWER: True
11.
Compilers and interpreters are types of programming language
translators.
1. True
2. False
ANSWER: True
12.
In the absence of an operating system, applications run slowly
on a computer.
1. True
2. False
ANSWER: False
13.
The great majority of business and individual software is open
source, that is, software that is developed and sold forprofit.
1. True
2. False
ANSWER: False
14.
The developers of proprietary software make the source code of
their software public.
1. True
2. False
ANSWER: False
15.
While many versions of Linux can be downloaded free of charge
from the web, most firms prefer to purchase apackaged version.
1. True
2. False
ANSWER: True
16.
The permissive model of software licensing permits anyone to
use, modify, and make applications with the code, butnot to use it in
proprietary products for sale or licensing.
1. True
2. False
ANSWER: False
17.
Microsoft, SAP, Oracle, and all other for-profit organizations
that develop software own their software and licenseit.
1. True
2. False
ANSWER: True
18.
When an application is developed especially for an organization,
specific program goals and custom requirements areconsidered during the
development process.
1. True
2. False
ANSWER: True
19.
When executives talk about productivity tools, they really mean computer
programs, commonly known as software_____.
1. devices
applications
2. utilities
d. sites
ANSWER: b
20.
made programming somewhat easier because they aggregated common
commands into “words,” althoughmany of those “words” are not Englishlike.
1. Programming
languages Utility languages
2. Assembly
languages d. Procedural languages
ANSWER: c
21.
Higher-level enable the use of English-like
statements to accomplish a goal, and these statements aretranslated by special
software into the machine language.
1. utility
languages assembly languages
2. procedural
languages d. programming languages
ANSWER: d
22.
Locating and fixing programming errors is called .
1. compiling
coding
2. assembling
d. debugging
ANSWER: d
23.
use a modular approach, which offers ease of maintenance and
efficiency in applications development.
1. Application
languages
2. Utility
languages
3. Object-oriented
programming languages
4. Graphic
languages
ANSWER: c
24.
Which of the following is true of objective-oriented programming
languages?
1. Operations
are linked to the data thatthey run on.
2. They
require more code than otherlanguages.
3. Data
and the operations to manipulate the data are keptseparate from each other.
4. Their
primary emphasis is on the procedure for performing atask.
ANSWER: a
25.
primarily involves modifying programs to meet new business
needs, but also debugging of errors that werenot detected when testing the
developed code.
1. Recoding
Reassembling
2. Displacement
d. Maintenance
ANSWER: d
26.
The most popular OOP languages are Java, Visual Basic, and .
1. XML
HTTP
2. C++/C#
d. HTML
ANSWER: c
27.
A(n) scans the entire source code, looking for
errors in the form of the code.
1. compiler
assembler
2. coder
d. interpreter
ANSWER: a
28.
Programs designed to perform specific jobs, such as calculating
and executing a company’s payroll, are collectivelycalled .
1. application-specific
software general-purpose application software
2. packaged
software d. utility software
ANSWER: a
29.
Spreadsheets and word processors are .
1. application-specific
applications general-purpose applications
2. software-testing
applications d. program-coding applications
ANSWER: b
30.
Word, Excel, PowerPoint, and Outlook are productivity tools in
the Microsoft Office .
1. prototype
suite
2. driver
d. compilation
ANSWER: b
31.
is a feature that enables a user to access additional
information by clicking on selected text or graphics.
1. Groupware
Graphical user interface
2. Hypermedia
d. Graphics accelerator
ANSWER: c
32.
Programs that can handle many different types of data are called .
1. supermedia
software utility software
2. packaged
software d. multimedia software
ANSWER: d
33.
Which of the following is true of multimedia software?
1. Multimedia
limits the method ofcommunication.
2. Multimedia
integrates all types and forms ofinformation.
3. Multimedia
is not associated with hypermedia.
4. Multimedia
does not use embedded links.
ANSWER: b
34.
Applications that can be integrated with other software to
create new useful applications are called .
1. mashups
compilers
2. utilities
d. coders
ANSWER: a
35.
applications are programs that enable workers to collaborate in
real time over the web.
1. Hypermedia
Multimedia
2. Groupware
d. Open source
ANSWER: c
36.
The purpose of is to manage computer resources and
perform routine tasks that are not specific to anyapplication.
1. multimedia
software production software
2. packaged
software d. system software
ANSWER: d
37.
The mediates applications and the computer, and
controls peripheral devices.
1. operating
system utility system
2. multimedia
software d. application software
ANSWER: a
38.
Operating systems are usually developed with the aid of ,
such as assembly languages or C.
1. 4GL
programming languages low-level programming languages
2. high-level
programming languages d. OOP programming languages
ANSWER: b
39.
Hardware diagnostics, file comparison, and file sorting are performed
by an operating system.
1. procedures
object codes
2. applications
d. utilities
ANSWER: d
40.
A(n) is the software that enables the OS to control
a device.
1. compiler
interpreter
2. server
d. driver
ANSWER: d
41.
is based on UNIX and can be obtained free of charge.
1. Windows
CE Linux
2. Solaris
d. Android
ANSWER: b
42.
Which of the following is true of operating systems?
1. Operating
systems are not expected to function if the usermakes a mistake.
2. Windows
operating systems are considered to be more user-friendly than Mac operating
systems.
3. Operating
systems based on UNIX areknown to be unstable.
4. Stable
operating systems do not causeacomputer to freeze or produce errormessages.
ANSWER: d
43.
The developers of can obtain the source code free of
charge, usually on the web.
1. proprietary
software open source software
2. multimedia
software d. hypermedia software
ANSWER: b
44.
Which of the following is true of open source software?
1. Open
source software can offer more innovativefeatures by incorporating ideas from a
diverse set ofexperts.
2. The
developers of open source software do notmake the source code of their software
public.
3. Open
source software has more bugs becauseindependent programmers are not allowed
toreview the code.
4. The
motive for developing and improving opensourcesoftware is monetary.
ANSWER: a
45.
The motive for developing and improving is not
monetary, but rather the satisfaction of solving programmingproblems and the
recognition of one’s contribution.
1. proprietary
software open source software
2. multimedia
software d. packaged software
ANSWER: b
46.
means the code is owned by someone who has the right to sell or
license the software to others.
1. Source
code Open source
2. Proprietary
d. Groupware
ANSWER: c
47.
In the permissive model of software , anyone can use
modify, and make the software into a product that canbe sold for profit.
1. distributing
dealing
2. licensing
d. programming
ANSWER: c
48.
enables users to complete a particular application or task, such
as word processing, investment analysis, datamanipulation, or project
management.
ANSWER: Application software
49.
enables application software to run on a computer and manages
the interaction between the CPU, memory,storage, input/output devices, and
other computer components.
ANSWER: System software
50.
To accelerate their work, programmers can use one of several ,
such as Microsoft Visual Basic,Embarcadero Delphi, Micro Focus COBOL, ASNA Visual
RPG, and Visual C++.
ANSWER: visual programming languages
51.
In , software developers treat objects as parts, or
standardized modules that work together and can be usedand reused.
ANSWER: OOP
object-oriented programming
object-oriented programming (OOP)
52.
The main advantage of Java and JavaScript is that the code
produced, called , can be executed wellregardless of the operating
system the computer uses.
ANSWER: applets
53.
Code written in interpreted programming languages can run only
on machines whose disks store a(n) .
ANSWER: interpreter
54.
General-purpose applications are available as ; that
is, they come ready to install from an external storagemedium such as a CD or a
file downloaded from a vendor’s website.
ANSWER: packaged software
55.
Linking among documents involves technologies, and
embedding information such as sound and video clips indocuments uses multimedia
technologies.
ANSWER: hypermedia
56.
applications are programs that enable workers to collaborate in
real time over the web.
ANSWER: Groupware
57.
When application developers write code, they use the for
the operating system on which the application willrun.
ANSWER:application program interfaces(APIs)
application program interfaces (APIs)
58.
are often referred to as “platforms,” because they are the
platform on which all other applications “ride”when interacting with the
hardware.
ANSWER: OSs
Operating systemsOperating systems (OSs)
59.
Operating systems perform such as hardware diagnostics,
file comparison, file sorting, and the like.
ANSWER: utilities
60.
A(n) is the software that enables the OS to control
a device, either one installed inside the computer or anexternal device such as
a flash memory drive.
ANSWER: driver
61.
The developers of do not make the source code of
their software public.
ANSWER: proprietary software
62.
A(n) program can be developed by a random group of
programmers, rather than by a single company.
ANSWER: open source
63.
Procedural languages need special programs to translate ,
which is the program as originally written, intoobject code, which is the same
program in machine language.
ANSWER: source code
64.
The model provides application software developed
and maintained by a third-party provider and offered toorganizations for a
recurring fee.
ANSWER: software as a service (SaaS)
SaaS
software as a service (SaaS)
65.
Describe the term software.
ANSWER: Software is a series of
instructions to a computer to execute any and all processes, such as
displayingtext, mathematically manipulating numbers, or copying or deleting
documents. Computers onlyunderstand instructions made up of electrical signals
alternating between two states, which eventuallyclose or open tiny electrical
circuits. Different sequences of signals represent different instructions to
thecomputer. In the early days of computers, programming a computer meant
actually changing thecomputer’s wiring by opening and closing switches or
moving plugs from one circuit to another. Becauseprograms today consist of
instructions that require no hardware reconfiguration, the skill of
composingsoftware programs is independent of building or directly manipulating
hardware.
66.
Discuss visual programming languages.
ANSWER: To accelerate their work,
programmers can use one of several visual programming languages, such
asMicrosoft Visual Basic, Embarcadero Delphi, Micro Focus COBOL, ASNA Visual
RPG, and VisualC++. These languages let programmers create field windows,
scroll-down menus, click buttons, andother objects by simply choosing the
proper icon from a palette. They can then use a flexible tool toshape and color
these objects. Seeing exactly and immediately how boxes and menus look
on-screenreduces the chance of bugs and helps programmers finish their jobs
faster than if they had to write code.The appropriate code is written
automatically for them when they click on elements. However, theprogrammer can
always go back to the code and add or change statements for operations that cannoteasily
be accomplished by using the visual aids. Thus, knowledge of the programming
language is stillrequired.
67.
Discuss the advantages of object-oriented programming (OOP) over
procedural languages.
ANSWER: Object-oriented programming
languages require less code than other languages. They also require lesstime
than programming in other languages. In addition, OOP enhances program
modularity andreusability. OOPs make code maintenance easier. Also, OOPs
enhance ability to create user-friendlyinterface. Finally, OOPs are appropriate
for graphic- and sound-enhanced applications.
68.
In what way do project management tools help project managers?
ANSWER: Project management tools,
such as Microsoft Project or the free Open Workbench, help managers ofany type
of project—such as building construction, product development, and software
development—toplan projects and track their progress. Project managers enter
information such as tasks and theirexpected completion dates, milestones, and
resources required for each task: labor hours, materials, andservices. The
software alerts planners when they enter illogical information, such as
scheduling a workerto work 120 hours in one week, and when tasks violate
interdependencies. The latter happens when, forinstance, planners schedule the
start of Phase D before the completion of Phase C, though they hadpreviously
indicated that Phase D depends on the completion of Phase C.
69.
What are the advantages of open source software over proprietary
software?
ANSWER: The advantages of open source
software over proprietary software are clear: the software has fewerbugs
because thousands of independent programmers review the code, and it can offer
more innovativefeatures by incorporating ideas from a diverse set of experts from
different countries and cultures whocollaborate. The motive for developing and
improving open source software is not monetary, but ratherthe satisfaction of
solving programming problems and the recognition of one’s contribution.
Programmerswho improve such software do it for fame and recognition by their
peers the world over. Theycollaborate mainly via the Internet. They post
patches of code that improve current code, or addextensions and plug-ins to
enhance functionality of an application. These extensions are free for all
todownload and use. The major disadvantage is that development and support
depend on the continuedeffort of an army of volunteers.
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