Living In the Environment Principles Connections and Solutions 16th Edition By G. Tyler Miller – Test Bank
To Purchase
this Complete Test Bank with Answers Click the link Below
If face any problem or
Further information contact us At tbzuiqe@gmail.com
Sample
Questions
CHAPTER 4–BIODIVERSITY AND EVOLUTION
Student: ___________________________________________________________________________
1. Biodiversity
includes all of the following components except
A. functional diversity
B. genetic diversity
C. intellectual diversity
D. ecosystem diversity
E. species diversity
2. The
diversity that enables life on earth to adapt and survive environmental changes
is called
A. functional diversity
B. genetic diversity
C. intellectual diversity
D. ecosystem diversity
E. species diversity
3. The
variety of processes, including matter cycling and energy flow within
ecosystems, that result from species interacting with one another in food webs
is called
A. functional diversity
B. genetic diversity
C. intellectual diversity
D. ecosystem diversity
E. species diversity
4. A
change in the genetic characteristics of a population from one generation to
another is called
A. emigration
B. mutation
C. natural selection
D. evolution
E. genetic drift
5. Some
individuals in a population have genetic traits that enhance their ability to
survive and produce offspring, a process called
A. natural selection
B. adaptability
C. genetic drift
D. mutation
E. scientific theory
6. Mutations
are
A. always helpful
B. always found in patterns
C. very common events
D. a source of new genetic material
E. always harmful
7. Mutations
are not caused
by which of the following?
A. ultraviolet light
B. a physical accident to a parent
C. radioactivity
D. certain chemicals
E. X rays
8. For
natural selection to occur, an adaptive trait
A. must be to a physical trait
B. must be to a physiological trait
C. must be to a psychological trait
D. must be to a heritable trait
E. must not be to a heritable trait
9. Biological
evolution by natural selection is when genes ____, individuals ____, and
populations ____.
A. evolve; mutate; are selected
B. are selected; mutate; evolve
C. mutate; evolve; are selected
D. evolve; are selected; mutate
E. mutate; are selected; evolve
10. Which
of the following is not an
adaptation that has made humans so successful?
A. strong opposable thumbs
B. physical strength
C. upright walking
D. complex brain
E. All of these have made us successful.
11. From
a scientific point of view, which of the following is true?
A. Evolution leads to survival of the strongest.
B. Evolution leads to survival of the most valuable.
C. Organisms develop traits because they need them.
D. Fitness is a matter of reproductive success.
E. Evolution follows a plan of nature.
12. The
movement of the continents influences evolution in which of the following ways?
A. increases the level of carbon dioxide
B. changes the earth’s climate
C. changes the spin of the earth
D. decreases soil nutrient richness
E. changes magnetic fields and disrupts migration patterns
13. Geographic
isolation may result from which of the following?
A. volcanic eruption
B. earthquake
C. mountain range
D. road
E. all of these
14. Mass
extinctions, with 25-70% of species going extinct, have occurred how many times
in the history of the earth?
A. 1
B. 3
C. 5
D. 7
E. 23
15. Biodiversity
is believed to be the result of the interaction between
A. geographic isolation and reproductive isolation
B. speciation and extinction
C. mass extinction and background extinction
D. speciation and genetic engineering
E. reproductive isolation and extinction
16. The
number of different species an ecosystem contains is its
A. speciation
B. species evenness
C. species niche
D. species richness
E. habitat
17. Which
of the following is true?
A. The higher the species richness, the lower productivity.
B. The high the species richness, the lower the sustainability.
C. The lower the species richness, the more the productivity.
D. The lower the species richness, the more the sustainability.
E. The higher the species richness, the more the sustainability.
18. A
species’ way of life in a community is its
A. role
B. habitat
C. ecological niche
D. geographical location
E. ecological job
19. Which
of the following is true of
species richness on islands?
A. Larger islands closer to a mainland have the lowest number of species.
B. Smaller islands closer to a mainland have the highest number of
species.
C. Smaller islands farthest from a mainland have the highest number of
species.
D. Larger islands farthest from a mainland have the highest number of
species.
E. Larger islands closer to a mainland have the highest number of species.
20. An
ecological niche includes all of the following except
A. the place where the species lives
B. how much water the species needs
C. how much sunlight the species needs
D. how much space the species needs
E. temperatures the species can tolerate
21. A
species with a broad niche is considered a(n)
A. endemic species
B. endangered species
C. specialist species
D. native species
E. generalist species
22. Which
of the following would not be
considered a generalist species?
A. humans
B. cockroaches
C. pandas
D. raccoons
E. white-tailed deer
23. Which
of the following is not a
specific role found in a niche?
A. native species
B. indicator species
C. keystone species
D. specialist species
E. foundation species
24. Which
of the following is not an
example of an indicator species?
A. trout in water with a specific temperature requirement
B. birds that need a large forested area
C. butterflies that use a specific plant as food
D. frogs that take in water and air through their skin
E. All are examples of indicator species.
25. Which
of the following is not an
example of a cause for the decline of amphibians?
A. habitat loss
B. prolonged rainy periods
C. pollution
D. increases in UV radiation
E. parasites
26. A
species in an ecosystem that plays a central role in the health of that
ecosystem, and whose removal may cause the collapse of the ecosystem, is called
a(n)
A. foundation species
B. indicator species
C. native species
D. keystone species
E. specialist species
27. A
species in an ecosystem that shapes communities by creating and enhancing
habitats in ways that benefit other species is called
A. foundation species
B. indicator species
C. native species
D. keystone species
E. specialist species
28. More
plant species have been identified than any other group of organisms.
True False
29. Biodiversity
is a vital part of the natural capital that sustains all life.
True False
30. Most
of what we know about the earth’s history comes from fossils.
True False
31. The
fossils found so far probably represent about 50% of the species that have ever
lived.
True False
32. No
one had thought of the idea that organisms change over time and are descended
from a common ancestor until Charles Darwin came up with the idea.
True False
33. Individuals
evolve.
True False
34. Mutations
are the source of natural selection.
True False
35. Adaptations
that make a species successful during one time period may not make the same
species successful at another time.
True False
36. Survival
of the fittest refers to those individuals that leave the most offspring.
True False
37. Houseflies
would probably adapt to an environmental change much more quickly than a human.
True False
38. According
to the theory of evolution, a giraffe evolved a long neck because it needs it.
True False
39. Long-term
climate changes determine where plant and animal species can survive.
True False
40. The
earth has often times been struck by large asteroids, but they have seldom done
much to alter evolution.
True False
41. If
the percentage of atmospheric oxygen increased only by about 4% the atmosphere
would likely become a giant fireball.
True False
42. The
earth’s spinning on its axis prevents one side from being too hot and the other
side too cold for water-based life to exist.
True False
43. Pandemic
species are species found only in one area.
True False
44. In
speciation, two species interbreed to form one new species.
True False
45. Endemic
species are particularly vulnerable to extinction.
True False
46. Humans
are playing a decreasing role in the process of extinction.
True False
47. Estimates
indicate the average annual background extinction rate is one to five species
for each million species on earth.
True False
48. The
golden toad of Costa Rica is now extinct, perhaps one of the first victims of
global warming.
True False
49. Genetic
engineering allows scientists to transfer genes between different species that
would not interbreed in nature.
True False
50. Genetic
engineering has resulted in antibiotic resistant bacteria.
True False
51. A
tropical rain forest is likely to have high species evenness and low species
richness.
True False
52. Scientists
learn about species richness by studying species on mountains.
True False
53. Under
rapidly changing environmental conditions it is better to be a specialist
species.
True False
54. A
single Asian cockroach and its offspring can add about 10 million new
cockroaches in a year.
True False
55. All
nonnative species are villains.
True False
56. Amphibians
are sensitive to changes in the environment and their decline suggests a
decline in the environmental health of the earth.
True False
57. Keystone
species have a large effect on the types and abundances of other species in an
ecosystem.
True False
58. For
every shark that injures a person, humans kill at least 1 million sharks.
True False
59. ____________________
diversity is the most obvious component of biodiversity.
________________________________________
60. The
world’s cumulative body of discovered fossils is called the
____________________.
________________________________________
61. Charles
Darwin and ____________________ both came up with the concept of natural selection
as the mechanism for biological evolution.
________________________________________
62. Genetic
variation in a population is the result of ____________________.
________________________________________
63. Any
heritable trait that enables an organism to survive through natural selection
and produce more offspring under prevailing environmental conditions is a(n)
____________________.
________________________________________
64. Even
if a beneficial heritable trait is present in a population, the population’s
ability to adapt may be limited by its ____________________.
________________________________________
65. Two-hundred-twenty-five
million years ago, one super continent, called ____________________, was home
to all terrestrial organisms.
________________________________________
66. The
number of species on the planet at any time is a result of the interaction
between the processes of ____________________ and ____________________.
________________________________________
67. A(n)
____________________ is a significant increase in extinction rates above the
background level.
________________________________________
68. ____________________
is the alteration of an organism’s genetic material, through adding, deleting,
or changing segments of its DNA.
________________________________________
69. The
species diversity of communities varies with their ____________________.
________________________________________
70. Species
that migrate into, or that are deliberately or accidentally introduced into, an
ecosystem are called ____________________.
________________________________________
71. A
2005 study found an apparent correlation between ____________________ and the
extinction of about two-thirds of 110 known species of harlequin frog in
Central and South America.
________________________________________
72. If a
species of frog becomes threatened by a change in environmental conditions, the
species would be considered a(n) ____________________.
________________________________________
73. The
loss of a(n) ____________________ species can lead to population crashes and
extinctions of other species in a community that depend on it.
________________________________________
74. ____________________
keystone species feed on and help regulate the populations of other species in
an ecosystem.
________________________________________
75. Butterflies,
hummingbirds, and bats play a keystone role in some ecosystems by
____________________ plant species.
________________________________________
76.
Use the Figure above to answer the following question(s).
Which letter indicates the movement from most ancient to most
recent in terms of time?
77.
Use the Figure above to answer the following question(s).
What is the name of the era (time frame) of the earliest humans?
78.
Use the Figure above to answer the following question(s).
Approximately how many years before the present (ybp) did plants
colonize the land?
79.
Use the Figure above to answer the following question(s).
The intersection between two branches of the figure (as
indicated by the letter C) indicates the two branches share what at that point?
80.
Use the Figure above to answer the following question(s).
Which letter, D or E (D over prokaryotes and E over eukaryotes,
names removed) are eukaryotic organisms?
81.
Use the Figure above, which represents the niche of the Panda
and the raccoon, to answer the following question(s).
Which of the two animals, the panda or the raccoon, is
considered a generalist?
82.
Use the Figure above, which represents the niche of the Panda
and the raccoon, to answer the following question(s).
Which graph (A or B) is representative of a generalist species?
83.
Use the Figure above, which represents the niche of the Panda and
the raccoon, to answer the following question(s).
What does the height of the graph represent?
84.
Use the Figure above, which represents the niche of the Panda
and the raccoon, to answer the following question(s).
Notice the region lettered C. What does that region represent?
85.
Use the Figure above, which represents the niche of the Panda
and the raccoon, to answer the following question(s).
What is the interaction of the two species as a result of the
area lettered C?
86.
Use the Figure above, which represents the niche of the Panda
and the raccoon, to answer the following question(s).
Notice the letter D. It is pointing at a characteristic of this
niche. What is this characteristic?
87.
Use the Figure above, which represents the niche of the Panda
and the raccoon, to answer the following question(s).
What advantage does the characteristic indicated by letter D
bestow upon the animal who occupies this niche as opposed to the animal
occupying the other niche?
88. Most
people do not understand why it is important for humans to be concerned about
biodiversity when there are so many, seemingly more pressing issues. List three
reasons why people should be interested in maintaining biodiversity and explain
why each reason is important.
89. Briefly
explain how natural selection has worked, and is working to change populations
over time.
90. Briefly
explain the interaction between mutations, reproductive success, and adaptation
or adaptive traits.
91.
After looking at the figure above, explain how the movement of
the continents can help explain why some species have the geographic
distribution that is observed today.
92. New
species arise as the result of two processes, geographic and reproductive
isolation. Explain how these processes work together to produce new species.
93. If
you were talking to a fisherman on the west coast of the United States, how
would you explain to him/her why it is important to release the unharmed sharks
he catches in his nets?
CHAPTER 7–CLIMATE AND TERRESTRIAL BIODIVERSITY
Student:
___________________________________________________________________________
1. Which
of the following statements about the earth’s winds is not true?
A. Wind circulates moisture.
B. Wind circulates plant nutrients.
C. Wind increases global warming gases.
D. Wind stimulates algal blooms in the Pacific.
E. Wind carries banned pesticides into the U.S.
2. Which
of the following is a local area’s short-term temperature, precipitation, and
humidity?
A. climate
B. weather
C. biomes
D. ecosystems
E. currents
3. Where
does the largest input of solar energy occur?
A. North pole
B. South pole
C. 30° N
D. 30° S
E. equator
4. Prevailing
winds are the result of what?
A. temperature
B. direction the sun strikes the earth
C. rotation of the earth on its axis
D. ocean currents
E. sun storms
5. Which
of the following statements about oceans is not true?
A. Ocean currents redistribute heat from the sun.
B. Most of the heat absorbed by the ocean air is absorbed in tropical
waters.
C. Irregularly shaped continents cause currents to flow in circular
patterns.
D. Differences in density of warm and cold seawater set up warm and cold
currents.
E. Oceans currents flow counter-clockwise in the northern hemisphere.
6. Which
of the following is not a
greenhouse gas?
A. carbon monoxide
B. water vapor
C. carbon dioxide
D. methane
E. nitrous oxide
7. The
term greenhouse
effect describes
A. occupational diseases of florists
B. the trapping of heat energy by molecules in the atmosphere
C. the effect climate change has on the economy
D. the efforts of the White House to support environmental legislation
E. mutations in DNA from UV radiation
8. Scientists
expect human-enhanced global warming to do all of the following except
A. alter precipitation patterns
B. shift areas where we can grow crops
C. raise average sea levels
D. lower sea levels
E. shift areas where plants and animals can be found
9. The
rain shadow effect refers to
A. more light on the windward side of mountain ranges
B. more moisture on the leeward side of mountain ranges
C. moister conditions on the windward side of mountain ranges
D. drier conditions on the windward side of mountain ranges
E. less light available on the leeward side of mountain ranges
10. The most important
factor in determining which biome is found in a particular area is
A. soil type
B. topography
C. magnetic fields
D. climate
E. tidal activity
11. The two most important
factors determining the climate of an area are
A. temperature and wind
B. temperature and precipitation
C. precipitation and light
D. light and temperature
E. wind and light
12. Large
terrestrial regions with similar characteristics are
A. ecosystems
B. communities
C. populations
D. habitats
E. biomes
13. Which
of the following is the primary limiting factor that controls the vegetative
character of a biome?
A. light
B. precipitation
C. nutrients
D. soil type
E. predation
14. Dust
storms in tropical deserts have increased tenfold since 1950, for all of the following
reasons except
A. SUVs breaking the surface crust
B. overgrazing
C. increasing number of cities in the desert
D. climate change caused drought
E. human population growth
15. Which
of the following is not an
adaptation of desert plants for their environment?
A. toxins in their stems to discourage being eaten
B. spines to discourage animals from taking their water
C. opening their pores only at night to prevent evaporation
D. store water in expandable tissues
E. reduced or no leaves
16. Which
type of desert would have high daytime temperatures in summer, low temperatures
in winter, and moderate precipitation?
A. tropical deserts
B. cold deserts
C. Gobi desert
D. temperate deserts
E. Sahara desert
17. Desert
soils take hundreds of years to recover from disturbances because of all of the
following except
A. slow plant growth
B. low species diversity
C. high soil bacteria activity
D. slow nutrient cycling
E. lack of water
18. “Widely
scattered clumps of trees, warm temperatures year-round, alternating dry and wet
seasons, with herds of herbivores” are the characteristics of which of the
following?
A. tall-grass prairie
B. tundra
C. short-grass prairie
D. temperate grassland
E. savanna
19. “Treeless,
bitterly cold most of the year, winters are long and dark, low-growing plants,
permafrost” are the characteristics of which of the following?
A. tall-grass prairie
B. tundra
C. short-grass prairie
D. temperate grassland
E. savanna
20. On a
visit to a Natural History museum you are shown a burrow-dwelling small animal
with thick fur. You predict the animal came from the
A. temperate grasslands
B. desert
C. Arctic tundra
D. tropical forest
E. taiga
21. Thick,
spongy mats of low-growing plants are typical of the
A. Arctic tundra
B. coniferous forest
C. tall-grass prairies
D. tropical forests
E. taiga
22. Which
of the following is not true
of prairies?
A. Winds blow almost continuously.
B. Evaporation is rapid.
C. Fires in summer and fall are common.
D. Prairies are typical of coastal regions of continents.
E. Tree growth is hindered by fires and wind.
23. Which
of the following does alpine tundra receive in larger amounts than Arctic
tundra?
A. rain
B. snow
C. sunlight
D. wind
E. ice
24. Which
of the following is the big disadvantage of living in a chaparral region?
A. too much rain
B. fire hazard
C. too little rain
D. too many venomous snakes
E. bothersome rodent populations
25. The
primary limiting factor(s) of the rain forest is (are)
A. rainfall
B. temperature
C. light
D. soil nutrients
E. wind
26. Trees
of the tropical rainforest are characterized by leaves that are
A. needlelike
B. broadleaf and fall seasonally
C. needlelike and fall seasonally
D. needlelike and evergreen
E. broadleaf and evergreen
27. Which
of the following would not be
true of a tropical rain forest?
A. low net primary productivity
B. little ground level vegetation
C. low levels of ground level sunlight
D. high biodiversity
E. high humidity
28. Most
of the nutrients in the tropical rain forests are found in the
A. living organisms
B. large rivers
C. deep, rich soil
D. thick atmosphere
E. shallow soil
29. Which
of the following about temperate deciduous forests is false?
A. Average temperatures change significantly with the seasons.
B. They are predominantly a few broadleaf deciduous tree species.
C. They have been disturbed by humans more than any other land biome.
D. They have nutrient-poor soil.
E. Precipitation often spreads relatively evenly throughout the year.
30. Mature
temperate deciduous forests ____ than tropical rain forests.
A. have more tree species
B. have more animal species
C. have more ground level plant life
D. have less sunlight penetrating to lower levels
E. have less plant life at ground level
31. Which
of the following does
not belong with the others?
A. taiga
B. temperate rain forests
C. boreal forests
D. evergreen coniferous forests
E. tropical rain forests
32. Which
of the following biomes has been most disturbed by human activities?
A. tundra
B. tropical rain forest
C. coniferous forest
D. temperate deciduous forest
E. taiga
33. If
you are walking through a forest dense with oak and hickory trees and thick
with leaf litter underfoot, you would assume you are in a
A. tropical savanna
B. temperate deciduous forest
C. tropical rain forest
D. temperate rain forest
E. coniferous forest
34. Which
of the following is not true
about mountains?
A. They serve as major storehouses for water.
B. They contain habitats for many endemic species.
C. They serve as sanctuaries for species driven from lowland areas.
D. They help regulate the earth’s climate.
E. They contain a minority of the world’s forests.
Comments
Post a Comment