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Test File
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Life: The Science of Biology, Ninth Edition
Sadava • Hillis • Heller • Berenbaum
Chapter 5: Cells: The Working Units of Life
TEST FILE QUESTIONS
(By Catherine Ueckert)
Multiple Choice
1. Most
plant and animal cells are
2. smaller
than a chloroplast.
3. smaller
than most bacteria.
4. large
enough to be seen with a light microscope.
5. smaller
than small molecules.
6. large
enough to be seen with the unaided eye.
Answer: c
Textbook Reference: 5.1 What Features Make Cells the Fundamental
Units of Life?
Page: 78
Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding
2. The
surface area-to-volume ratio of an object can be decreased by
3. cutting
it into smaller pieces.
4. flattening
it.
5. stretching
it.
6. making
it spherical.
7. All
of the above
Answer: d
Textbook Reference: 5.1 What Features Make Cells the Fundamental
Units of Life?
Page: 78
Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding
3. What
must cells do in order to survive?
4. Obtain
and process energy
5. Convert
genetic information into proteins
6. Keep
certain biochemical reactions separate from one another
7. Both
a and b
8. All
of the above
Answer: e
Textbook Reference: 5.1 What Features Make Cells the Fundamental
Units of Life?
Page: 78
Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding
4. How
does the surface area-to-volume ratio of a 1-mm cube compare to the surface
area-to-volume ratio of a 3-mm cube?
5. The
3-mm cube has a higher ratio.
6. The
ratio increases as the cube becomes larger.
7. Increasing
the volume increases the ratio.
8. The
ratio decreases as the cube becomes larger.
9. The
ratio does not change.
Answer: d
Textbook Reference: 5.1 What Features Make Cells the Fundamental
Units of Life?
Page: 78
Bloom’s Category: 3. Applying
5. The
surface area-to-volume ratio of a cell
6. can
be increased by increasing the volume of the cell.
7. can
be decreased by decreasing the surface area.
8. explains
why cells are small.
9. is of
little significance to maintaining cell homeostasis.
10. None
of the above
Answer: c
Textbook Reference: 5.1 What Features Make Cells the Fundamental
Units of Life?
Page: 78–79
Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding
6. A
general function of all cellular membranes is to
7. regulate
which materials can cross the membrane.
8. support
the cell and determine its shape.
9. produce
energy for the cell.
10. produce
proteins for the cell.
11. move
the cell.
Answer: a
Textbook Reference: 5.1 What Features Make Cells the Fundamental
Units of Life?
Page: 79
Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding
7. What
is the major distinction between a prokaryotic and a eukaryotic cell?
8. A
prokaryotic cell does not have a nucleus, whereas a eukaryotic cell does.
9. A
prokaryotic cell does not have DNA, whereas a eukaryotic cell does.
10. A
prokaryotic cell is smaller than a eukaryotic cell.
11. Prokaryotic
cells have not prospered, whereas eukaryotic cells are evolutionary
“successes.”
12. A
prokaryotic cell cannot obtain energy from its environment.
Answer: a
Textbook Reference: 5.1 What Features Make Cells the Fundamental
Units of Life?
Page: 80
Bloom’s Category: 4. Analyzing
8. Members
of the domains Bacteria and Archaea
9. have
nuclei.
10. have
chloroplasts.
11. are
multicellular.
12. are
prokaryotes.
13. have
flagella.
Answer: d
Textbook Reference: 5.1 What Features Make Cells the Fundamental
Units of Life?
Page: 80
Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding
9. A
prokaryotic cell does not have a _______ or _______.
10. nucleus;
membrane-bound organelles
11. nucleus;
DNA
12. nucleus;
ribosomes
13. nucleus;
membranes
14. cell
wall; membranes
Answer: a
Textbook Reference: 5.1 What Features Make Cells the Fundamental
Units of Life?
Page: 80–81
Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering
10. Ribosomes
are not visible under a light microscope, but they can be seen with an electron
microscope because
11. electron
beams have more energy than light beams.
12. electron
microscopes focus light with magnets.
13. electron
microscopes have more resolving power than light microscopes.
14. electrons
have such high energy that they pass through biological samples.
15. living
cells can be observed under the electron microscope.
Answer: c
Textbook Reference: 5.1 What Features Make Cells the Fundamental
Units of Life?
Page: 81
Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding
11. Which
of the following is not a
characteristic of a prokaryotic cell?
12. A
plasma membrane
13. A
nuclear envelope
14. A
nucleoid
15. Ribosomes
16. Enzymes
Answer: b
Textbook Reference: 5.2 What Features Characterize Prokaryotic
Cells?
Page: 82
Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding
12. Which
of the following is (are) found in prokaryotic cells?
13. Mitochondria
14. Chloroplasts
15. Nuclear
membrane
16. Ribosomes
17. Endoplasmic
reticulum
Answer: d
Textbook Reference: 5.2 What Features Characterize Prokaryotic
Cells?
Page: 82
Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering
13. The
DNA of prokaryotic cells is found in the
14. plasma
membrane.
15. nucleus.
16. ribosome.
17. nucleoid
region.
18. mitochondria.
Answer: d
Textbook Reference: 5.2 What Features Characterize Prokaryotic
Cells?
Page: 82
Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering
14. Ribosomes
are made up of
15. DNA
and RNA.
16. DNA
and proteins.
17. RNA
and proteins.
18. proteins.
19. DNA.
Answer: c
Textbook Reference: 5.2 What Features Characterize Prokaryotic
Cells?
Page: 82
Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering
15. The
cytosol
16. is a
static region of the cell.
17. contains
DNA.
18. is
composed largely of water.
19. supports
the cell and determines its shape.
20. chemically
modifies proteins and other molecules.
Answer: c
Textbook Reference: 5.2 What Features Characterize Prokaryotic
Cells?
Page: 82
Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering
16. A
specialized structure found in some prokaryotes is the
17. cell
wall.
18. ribosome.
19. cytosol.
20. mitochondrion.
21. chloroplast.
Answer: a
Textbook Reference: 5.2 What Features Characterize Prokaryotic
Cells?
Page: 83
Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering
17. Specialized
cellular appendages of prokaryotes that help bacteria adhere to one another
when they exchange genetic material are called
18. the
Golgi apparatus.
19. cilia.
20. flagella.
21. pili.
22. b, c,
and d
Answer: d
Textbook Reference: 5.2 What Features Characterize Prokaryotic
Cells?
Page: 83
Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering
18. In
some prokaryotic organisms, the plasma membrane folds to form an internal
membrane system that is able to
19. carry
on photosynthesis.
20. engulf
and phagocytize bacteria.
21. synthesize
proteins.
22. propel
the cell.
23. hydrolyze
carbohydrates to ATP.
Answer: a
Textbook Reference: 5.2 What Features Characterize Prokaryotic
Cells?
Page: 83
Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering
19. Some
bacteria are able to propel themselves through liquid by means of a structure
called the
20. flagellum.
21. pilus.
22. cytoplasm.
23. cell
wall.
24. peptidoglycan
molecule.
Answer: a
Textbook Reference: 5.2 What Features Characterize Prokaryotic
Cells?
Page: 83
Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering
20. If
you removed the pili from a bacterial cell, the bacterium would
21. no
longer be able to swim.
22. lose
some of its ability to adhere to other cells.
23. no
longer be able to regulate the movement of molecules into and out of the cell.
24. dry
out.
25. change
its shape.
Answer: b
Textbook Reference: 5.2 What Features Characterize Prokaryotic
Cells?
Page: 83
Bloom’s Category: 4. Analyzing
21. Prokaryotic
cells generally are smaller than eukaryotic cells because
22. prokaryotes
have more diverse energy sources.
23. prokaryotes
have a capsule that limits cell growth.
24. the
rigid cell wall of prokaryotes limits cell size.
25. prokaryotes
lack the genetic material needed for protein synthesis.
26. only eukaryotes
have compartmentalization, which allows for specialization.
Answer: e
Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic
Cells?
Page: 84
Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding
22. Biological
membranes in a eukaryotic cell
23. separate
the cell from its environment.
24. regulate
what goes into and out of the cell.
25. help
maintain a constant internal environment.
26. communicate
with adjacent cells.
27. All
of the above
Answer: e
Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic
Cells?
Page: 84
Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding
23. The
membrane surrounding each organelle
24. is
composed of hydrophobic proteins.
25. regulates
traffic into and out of the cell.
26. is
studded with ribosomes.
27. allows
for interactions among molecules.
28. is
perforated with pores.
Answer: b
Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic
Cells?
Page: 84
Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering
24. The
role of organelles is to
25. provide
structural support for the cell.
26. decrease
the flow of materials into and out of the cell.
27. increase
the efficiency of cellular activities.
28. provide
a means of cellular reproduction.
29. regulate
the flow of traffic inside the cell.
Answer: c
Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic
Cells?
Page: 84
Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding
25. Which
of the following statements about the nuclear envelope is true?
26. It
contains pores for the passage of large molecules.
27. It is
composed of two membranes.
28. It
contains ribosomes on the inner surface.
29. Both
a and b
30. All
of the above
Answer: d
Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic
Cells?
Page: 85
Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding
26. A
large organelle found in eukaryotic cells that genetically controls the cell’s
activities is the
27. chloroplast.
28. nucleus.
29. flagellum.
30. vacuole.
31. centriole.
Answer: b
Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic
Cells?
Page: 85
Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering
27. You
would not expect
to find RNA in which of the following structures?
28. Nucleus
29. Mitochondrion
30. Vacuole
31. Ribosome
32. Prokaryotic
cell
Answer: c
Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic
Cells?
Page: 85
Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding
28. Of
the following structures of an animal cell, the one with the largest volume is
the
29. cilium.
30. mitochondrion.
31. lysosome.
32. nucleus.
33. ribosome.
Answer: d
Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic
Cells?
Page: 85
Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding
29. Ribosomes
are the structures in which
30. chemical
energy is stored in the form of ATP.
31. cell
division is controlled.
32. genetic
information is used to make proteins.
33. sunlight
energy is converted into chemical energy.
34. new
organelles are made.
Answer: c
Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic
Cells?
Page: 85
Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding
30. Ribosomes
are not found
in
31. mitochondria.
32. chloroplasts.
33. the
rough endoplasmic reticulum.
34. prokaryotic
cells.
35. the
Golgi apparatus.
Answer: e
Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic
Cells?
Page: 85
Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding
31. What
is the difference between “free” and “attached” ribosomes?
32. Free
ribosomes are in the cytoplasm, whereas attached ribosomes are anchored to the
endoplasmic reticulum.
33. Free
ribosomes produce proteins in the cytosol, whereas attached ribosomes produce proteins
that are inserted into the ER.
34. Free
ribosomes produce proteins that are exported from the cell, whereas attached
ribosomes make proteins for mitochondria and chloroplasts.
35. Both
a and b
36. Both
a and c
Answer: d
Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic
Cells?
Page: 85, 89
Bloom’s Category: 4. Analyzing
32. One
difference between plant and animal cells is that
33. only
animal cells have mitochondria.
34. only
animal cells contain centrioles.
35. plant
cells have a cell wall, whereas animal cells have a plasma membrane.
36. plant
cells lack a cytoskeleton.
37. only
plant cells have peroxisomes.
Answer: b
Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic
Cells?
Page: 86–87
Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding
33. Chromatin
is a series of entangled threads composed of
34. microtubules.
35. DNA
and protein.
36. fibrous
proteins.
37. cytoskeleton.
38. membranes.
Answer: b
Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic
Cells?
Page: 88
Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering
34. The
function of the nuclear pores is to
35. synthesize
and repair DNA, the unit of genetic information.
36. assemble
ribosomes from raw materials that are synthesized in the nucleus.
37. communicate
with components of the endomembrane system.
38. regulate
movement of materials across the nuclear membrane.
39. support
the nuclear envelope.
Answer: d
Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic
Cells?
Page: 88
Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding
35. A
component of the nucleus that may be involved in the aging process is the
36. nuclear
lamina.
37. nuclear
pore.
38. nuclear
matrix.
39. nucleoplasm.
40. nuclear
envelope.
Answer: a
Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic
Cells?
Page: 88
Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering
36. The
membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum are continuous with the membranes of the
37. nucleus.
38. Golgi
apparatus.
39. nucleolus.
40. plasma
membrane.
41. mitochondria.
Answer: a
Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic
Cells?
Page: 88–89
Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering
37. Which
of the following is not a
component of the endomembrane system?
38. Rough
endoplasmic reticulum
39. Smooth
endoplasmic reticulum
40. Golgi
apparatus
41. Lysosomes
42. Plastids
Answer: e
Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic
Cells?
Page: 89
Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding
38. The
rough ER is the portion of the ER that
39. lacks
ribosomes.
40. is
the oldest and was once the smooth ER.
41. has
ribosomes attached to it.
42. is
connected to the Golgi apparatus.
43. is
the site of steroid synthesis.
Answer: c
Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic
Cells?
Page: 89
Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering
39. Cholesterol
is synthesized by
40. chloroplasts.
41. lysosomes.
42. the
SER.
43. the
Golgi.
44. mitochondria.
Answer: c
Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic
Cells?
Page: 89
Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding
40. Proteins
that are transported in vesicles are made by
41. the
Golgi apparatus.
42. ribosomes
within the mitochondrion.
43. the
smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
44. ribosomes
on the rough endoplasmic reticulum.
45. ribosomes
within chloroplasts.
Answer: d
Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic
Cells?
Page: 89
Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering
41. Proteins
from the Golgi are transported to the correct location by means of
42. glycoproteins
found on the packaged proteins.
43. the
general flow of vesicles within the cell.
44. the
control provided by the nucleus.
45. motor
proteins.
46. microtubules.
Answer: a
Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic
Cells?
Page: 89
Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering
42. An
organelle consisting of a series of flattened sacks stacked somewhat like
pancakes is the
43. mitochondrion.
44. chloroplast.
45. Golgi
apparatus.
46. rough
endoplasmic reticulum.
47. flagellum.
Answer: c
Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic
Cells?
Page: 90
Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding
43. Cells
that synthesize a large amount of protein, such as _______ cells, are packed
with rough endoplasmic reticulum.
44. liver
45. glandular
46. red
blood
47. skin
48. brain
Answer: b
Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic
Cells?
Page: 90
Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding
44. Cells
that perform little protein synthesis but are involved with protein
modification typically have large numbers or amounts of
45. RER.
46. mitochondria.
47. ribosomes.
48. SER.
49. lysosomes.
Answer: d
Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic
Cells?
Page: 90
Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding
45. A
secondary lysosome is a lysosome that
46. provides
a backup to the primary lysosomes.
47. is
smaller than a primary lysosome.
48. will
become a primary lysosome when it fuses with a phagosome.
49. is a
primary lysosome that has fused with a phagosome.
50. has
exocytosed.
Answer: d
Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic
Cells?
Page: 91
Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering
46. Lysosomes
are important to eukaryotic cells because they contain
47. photosynthetic
pigments.
48. starch
molecules for energy storage.
49. their
own DNA molecules.
50. the
cells’ waste materials.
51. digestive
enzymes.
Answer: e
Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic
Cells?
Page: 91
Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding
47. Which
of the following statements about lysosomes is true?
48. They
are the sites where autophagy occurs.
49. They
provide turgor in plant cells.
50. They
may contain anthocyanins that aid in pollination.
51. They
are found only in plants.
52. They
may have arisen through endosymbiosis.
Answer: a
Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic
Cells?
Page: 92
Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding
48. The
folds of the inner mitochondrial membrane
49. increase
the volume of the mitochondrial matrix.
50. create
membrane-enclosed compartments within the mitochondrion.
51. increase
the surface area for the exchange of substances across the membrane.
52. anchor
the mitochondrial DNA.
53. have
no known purpose.
Answer: c
Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic
Cells?
Page: 92
Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding
49. In
the mitochondria, “food” molecules are converted to ATP by a process known as
50. cellular
respiration.
51. metabolism.
52. diffusion.
53. metabolic
processing.
54. catabolism.
Answer: a
Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic
Cells?
Page: 92
Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering
50. The
DNA of mitochondria
51. is
needed to hydrolyze monomers.
52. is
used to make proteins needed for cellular respiration.
53. directs
photosynthesis.
54. controls
the cell’s activities.
55. synthesizes
polysaccharides for the plant cell wall.
Answer: b
Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic
Cells?
Page: 93
Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding
51. The
DNA of a chloroplast is located in the
52. intermembrane
space.
53. matrix.
54. cristae.
55. stroma.
56. granum.
Answer: d
Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic
Cells?
Page: 93
Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering
52. Components
of chloroplasts include
53. grana
and thylakoids.
54. chromatin
and nucleoplasm.
55. cristae
and matrix.
56. a trans region and
a cis region.
57. lysosomes
and phagosomes.
Answer: a
Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic
Cells?
Page: 93
Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering
53. Which
type of organelle is found in plants but not in animals?
54. Ribosomes
55. Mitochondria
56. Nuclei
57. Plastids
58. None
of the above
Answer: d
Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic
Cells?
Page: 93
Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering
54. Chloroplasts
are the structures in which
55. chemical
energy is stored in the form of ATP.
56. cell
division is controlled.
57. genetic
information is used to make proteins.
58. sunlight
energy is converted into chemical energy.
59. new
organelles are made.
Answer: d
Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic
Cells?
Page: 93
Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering
55. Chloroplasts
are a kind of
56. leucoplast.
57. endoplasmic
reticulum.
58. chromoplast.
59. Golgi
apparatus.
60. plastid.
Answer: e
Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic
Cells?
Page: 93
Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding
56. The
carotenoid pigments that give ripe tomatoes their red color are contained in
organelles called
57. chloroplasts.
58. proplastids.
59. protoplasts.
60. leucoplasts.
61. chromoplasts.
Answer: e
Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic
Cells?
Page: 94
Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding
57. Starch
molecules are stored inside
58. chromoplasts.
59. granularplasts.
60. chloroplasts.
61. potatoplasts.
62. leucoplasts.
Answer: e
Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic
Cells?
Page: 94
Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering
58. Which
of the following is a function of a plant cell vacuole?
59. Storage
of toxic by-products and wastes
60. Support
for the cell
61. Containment
of animal-attracting pigments that aid in pollination
62. Hydrolysis
of seed proteins into plant embryo food
63. All
of the above
Answer: e
Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic
Cells?
Page: 95
Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding
59. Which
of the following organelles is found only in plant cells?
60. Cilium
61. Nucleus
62. Mitochondrion
63. Glyoxysome
64. Peroxisome
Answer: d
Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic
Cells?
Page: 95
Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering
60. Of
the following plant cell structures, which is most likely to have the greatest
volume?
61. Glyoxysome
62. Lysosome
63. Chromosome
64. Ribosome
65. Vacuole
Answer: e
Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic
Cells?
Page: 95
Bloom’s Category: 4. Analyzing
61. The
overall shape of a cell is determined by its
62. cell
membrane.
63. cytoskeleton.
64. nucleus.
65. cytosol.
66. endoplasmic
reticulum.
Answer: b
Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic
Cells?
Page: 95
Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding
62. Which
of the following is not a
function of vacuoles?
63. Contributing
to plant survival
64. Helping
plants maintain turgor pressure
65. Containing
pigments that aid in pollination
66. Aiding
in plant embryo development
67. Helping
to anchor the cell in place
Answer: e
Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic
Cells?
Page: 95
Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding
63. Microvilli
are created by projections of
64. microtubules.
65. actin.
66. myosin.
67. intermediate
filaments.
68. None
of the above
Answer: b
Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic
Cells?
Page: 95–96
Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding
64. Microtubules
are composed of monomers of
65. α-
and β-tubulin.
66. δ-
and λ-actin.
67. ρ-
and σ-myosin.
68. κ
tubules.
69. κ
actinomin.
Answer: a
Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic
Cells?
Page: 96
Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering
65. Which
of the following structures is (are) involved with maintaining the position of
the organelles within a cell?
66. Golgi
apparatus
67. Endoplasmic
reticulum
68. Mitochondria
69. Microfilaments
70. Intermediate
filaments
Answer: e
Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic
Cells?
Page: 96
Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding
66. Hair
and intermediate filaments are composed of
67. microtubules.
68. microfilaments.
69. collagen.
70. hydroxyapatite.
71. keratin.
Answer: e
Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic
Cells?
Page: 96
Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering
67. Microtubules
are made of
68. actin,
and they function in locomotion.
69. tubulin,
and they are essential in chromosome distribution during mitosis.
70. tubulin,
and they are found in microvilli.
71. actin,
and they function to change cell shape.
72. polysaccharides,
and they function in locomotion.
Answer: b
Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic
Cells?
Page: 97
Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering
68. An
organelle with an internal cross-section showing a characteristic “9 + 2”
morphology is the
69. mitochondrion.
70. vacuole.
71. Golgi
apparatus.
72. flagellum.
73. cytoskeleton.
Answer: d
Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic
Cells?
Page: 97
Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering
69. Cilia
70. are
shorter and more numerous than flagella.
71. are
composed of microfilaments.
72. are
composed of intermediate filaments.
73. propel
ribosomes through the cytoplasm.
74. are
needed for plasmodesmata to function.
Answer: a
Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic
Cells?
Page: 97
Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding
70. The
surface area of the small intestine is greatly increased by
71. microtubules.
72. pili.
73. thylakoid
membranes.
74. myosin.
75. microvilli.
Answer: e
Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic
Cells?
Page: 97
Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering
71. Which
of the following organelles is found at the base of every eukaryotic cilium and
flagellum?
72. Centriole
73. Basal
body
74. Nucleolus
75. Flagellum
76. Microvillus
Answer: b
Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic
Cells?
Page: 97
Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering
72. The
cellular structures that are almost identical to centrioles are the
73. basal
bodies.
74. microbodies.
75. chromoplasts.
76. microfilaments.
77. centromeres.
Answer: a
Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic
Cells?
Page: 97
Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering
73. The
semirigid structure that supports the plant cell and determines its shape is
the
74. capsule.
75. flagellum.
76. cell
wall.
77. cytosol.
78. cytoplasm.
Answer: c
Textbook Reference: 5.4 What Are the Roles of Extracellular
Structures?
Page: 100
Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding
74. Uniform
concentrations of cytoplasmic materials in plants are maintained by
75. motor
proteins such as kinesin.
76. membrane-lined
channels called plasmodesmata.
77. the
semirigid cell wall.
78. constantly-beating
cilia.
79. an
internal cytoskeleton.
Answer: b
Textbook Reference: 5.4 What Are the Roles of Extracellular
Structures?
Page: 100
Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering
75. The
type of cell that always lacks a cell wall is the _______ cell.
76. bacterial
77. plant
78. animal
79. fungal
80. prokaryotic
Answer: c
Textbook Reference: 5.4 What Are the Roles of Extracellular
Structures?
Page: 100
Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering
76. The
extracellular matrix of animal cells
77. is
composed of cellulose.
78. contains
plasmodesmata.
79. limits
the cell volume by remaining rigid.
80. helps
orient cell movements during embryonic development.
81. acts
as a barrier to disease-causing fungi.
Answer: d
Textbook Reference: 5.4 What Are the Roles of Extracellular
Structures?
Page: 100
Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding
77. Some
organelles in eukaryotic cells are thought to have
78. originated
from extracellular symbiotic relationships.
79. their
own endoplasmic reticulum.
80. their
own mitochondria.
81. originated
from endosymbiotic relationships.
82. the
ability to live free from the host cell.
Answer: d
Textbook Reference: 5.5 How Did Eukaryotic Cells Originate?
Page: 101
Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering
78. Which
of the following organelles were once independent prokaryote organisms?
79. Mitochondria
and lysosomes
80. Mitochondria
and chloroplasts
81. Chloroplasts
and Golgi apparatus
82. Golgi
apparatus and ribosomes
83. Ribosomes
and lysosomes
Answer: b
Textbook Reference: 5.5 How Did Eukaryotic Cells Originate?
Page: 101
Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding
79. Which
of the following is not an
argument for the endosymbiotic theory?
80. Mitochondria
and chloroplasts are about the same size as prokaryotic cells.
81. Mitochondria
and chloroplasts cannot be grown in culture, free of a host cell.
82. Mitochondria
and chloroplasts have DNA and ribosomes.
83. Mitochondrial
ribosomes synthesize proteins similar to those synthesized by bacterial
ribosomes.
84. All
of the above are arguments for the endosymbiotic theory.
Answer: b
Textbook Reference: 5.5 How Did Eukaryotic Cells Originate?
Page: 101–102
Bloom’s Category: 4. Analyzing
Fill in the Blank
1. The
fundamental unit of life is the _______.
Answer: cell
Textbook Reference: 5.1 What Features Make Cells the Fundamental
Units of Life?
Page: 77
Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering
2. The
three principle tenets of biology—that all organisms are composed of cells,
that all cells come from preexisting cells, and that cells are the fundamental
units of life—make up the unifying principle known as the _______.
Answer: cell theory
Textbook Reference: 5.1 What Features Make Cells the Fundamental
Units of Life?
Page: 77
Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering
3. When
you cut an orange in half, you _______ the surface area-to-volume ratio.
Answer: increase
Textbook Reference: 5.1 What Features Make Cells the Fundamental
Units of Life?
Page: 78
Bloom’s Category: 3. Applying
4. The
ability of living organisms to maintain a constant internal environment is
known as _______.
Answer: homeostasis
Textbook Reference: 5.1 What Features Make Cells the Fundamental
Units of Life?
Page: 79
Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering
5. The
light microscope has glass lenses that focus visible light for imaging, whereas
the electron microscope has _______ that focus electrons for imaging.
Answer: electromagnets
Textbook Reference: 5.1 What Features Make Cells the Fundamental
Units of Life?
Page: 80–81
Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding
6. Archaea
and Bacteria do not typically have membrane-enclosed internal compartments;
therefore, they are known as _______.
Answer: prokaryotes
Textbook Reference: 5.2 What Features Characterize Prokaryotic
Cells?
Page: 82
Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding
7. The
DNA in a prokaryotic cell can be found in the _______ region.
Answer: nucleoid
Textbook Reference: 5.2 What Features Characterize Prokaryotic
Cells?
Page: 82
Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering
8. Some
bacteria are not detected by the human immune system because they possess an
outer layer of slime known as a _______.
Answer: capsule
Textbook Reference: 5.2 What Features Characterize Prokaryotic
Cells?
Page: 83
Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering
9. Membrane-bound
compartments with distinctive shapes and functions are termed _______.
Answer: organelles
Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic
Cells?
Page: 84
Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering
10. RNA
is able to carry information for protein synthesis from the DNA in the nucleus
to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm by passing through small perforations in the
nuclear membrane called _______.
Answer: nuclear pores
Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic
Cells?
Page: 86
Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering
11. The
shape of the nucleus is maintained by a protein meshwork called the _______.
Answer: nuclear lamina
Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic
Cells?
Page: 88
Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering
12. A
short sequence of amino acids that determines whether a protein enters the
nucleus is called the _______.
Answer: NLS (or nuclear localization signal)
Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic
Cells?
Page: 88
Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering
13. Steroids,
fatty acids, and phospholipids are synthesized in the _______.
Answer: smooth ER
Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic
Cells?
Page: 89
Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering
14. The
_______ is an organelle that serves as a sort of “post office,” where some of
the proteins synthesized on ribosomes and the rough ER are processed and sent
to their destinations.
Answer: Golgi apparatus
Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic
Cells?
Page: 90
Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering
15. The
side of the Golgi facing the ER is the _______ face.
Answer: cis
Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic
Cells?
Page: 90
Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering
16. The
substances that enter the Golgi come from the _______.
Answer: ER (or endoplasmic reticulum)
Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic
Cells?
Page: 90
Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering
17. The
organelle with many folds, called cristae, is the _______.
Answer: mitochondrion
Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic
Cells?
Page: 92
Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering
18. _______
is the process by which light energy is converted into chemical bonds.
Answer: Photosynthesis
Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic
Cells?
Page: 93
Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering
19. Toxic
peroxides that are formed unavoidably as side products of important cellular
reactions are collected and neutralized in _______.
Answer: peroxisomes
Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic
Cells?
Page: 94
Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering
20. _______
are involved in cytoplasmic streaming, in the “pinching” of a cell that
ultimately divides an animal cell into two daughter cells, and in the formation
of pseudopodia.
Answer: Microfilaments
Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic
Cells?
Page: 95
Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering
21. Tough
ropelike filaments that stabilize cell structure and resist tension are called
_______ filaments.
Answer: intermediate
Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic
Cells?
Page: 96
Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding
Diagram
1. The
very large organelle shown below has genetic control of a cell’s activities.
What is the name of this structure?
1. Mitochondrion
2. Endoplasmic
reticulum
3. Nucleus
4. Vacuole
5. Golgi
apparatus
Answer: c
Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic
Cells?
Page: 88
Bloom’s Category: 4. Analyzing
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