Labour Relations 3rd Edition by Larry Suffield -Test Bank

 

 

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Sample Test

CHAPTER 3

 

UNIONS: OBJECTIVES, PROCESSES, STRUCTURE, AND HISTORY

 

True/False

 

1.    Union membership has been declining in Canada 1984.

 

Answer:  False

 

2.    Union density has been declining in Canada since 1984.

 

Answer:  True

 

3.    Union density in education, public administration, and health-care exceeds 50%.

 

Answer:  True

 

4.    All union locals are affiliated with a national or international union.

 

Answer:  False

 

5.    Right to work legislation in some Canadian jurisdictions prohibits the compulsory deduction of union dues from an employee’s pay.

 

Answer: False

 

6.    Union density for part-time employees is approximately 23%.

 

Answer: True

 

7.    More than 70% of union members have a university degree.

 

Answer: False

 

8.    Industrial unions organize different types of workers, including skilled and unskilled employees in a firm.

 

Answer: True

 

9.    Union methods or processes include contract negotiation, grievances and arbitration, and court action.

 

Answer: True

 

 

10.  All locals consist of a group of employees who work for the same employer.

 

Answer:  False

 

11.  A key function of a local union is the negotiation of collective agreements.

 

Answer:  True

 

12.  The Canadian Auto Workers and the British Columbia Nurses Association are both national unions.

 

Answer:  True

 

13.  Independent local unions dominate the Canadian labour movement.

 

Answer: False

 

14.  National unions engage in political activity; however, the Canadian branches of international unions do not engage in political activity.

 

Answer:  False

 

15.  The legal environment in all provinces allows unions to enforce the collection of fines imposed on union members through the court system.

 

Answer:  False

 

16.  Trusteeship refers to the situation where the members of a local vote to have the national or international union take over the local’s affairs.

 

Answer:  False

 

17.  A national union and the local union are separate entities; the national union is not responsible for the wrongful acts committed by local union members.

 

Answer:  True

 

18.  All unions in Canada belong to the Canadian Labour Congress.

 

Answer:  False

 

19.  A key function of a national union is dealing with raiding by locals in the union.

 

Answer: False

 

20.  The Canadian Labour Congress frequently becomes involved in contract negotiations with employers.

 

Answer:  False

 

21.  Provincial labour federations engage in activities aimed exclusively at benefiting unionized members of the federation.

 

Answer:  False

 

22.  A Labour Council is a provincial organization composed of all unions affiliated with the Canadian Labour Congress in the province.

 

Answer:  False

 

23.  Labour Councils are involved in charity work in their communities.

 

Answer:  True

 

24.  By international standards there are a large number of small unions in Canada.

 

Answer:  True

 

25.  Union density has declined in the United States more than in Canada in part because the legal environment is less favourable to unions in the United States.

 

Answer:  True

 

26.  Union density has declined in the United States more than in Canada because of a different economic environment in the United States.

 

Answer:  False

 

27.  Union density in the public sector is four times greater than it is in the private sector in Canada.

 

Answer:  True

 

28.  The first unions formed in Canada were local organizations of craft workers.

 

Answer:  True

 

29.  Employees in Canada did not have the legal right to join a union until the Wagner Act of

 

Answer:  False

 

30.  A yellow dog contract was a practice in the 1800s used by employers who opposed the unionization of their employees.

 

Answer: True

 

31.  Social unionism was the dominant philosophy of U.S. labour organizations that influenced the development of unions in Canada.

 

Answer:  False

 

32.  In the late 1800s and early 1900s international unions dominated the Canadian labour movement.

 

Answer: True

 

33.  The Snyder case is the basis for the divided jurisdiction in Canadian labour relations.

 

Answer:  True

 

34.  PC 1003 is the foundation for present day labour relations in Canada.

 

Answer:  True

 

35.  All unions have supported the NDP.

 

Answer:  False

 

36.  Recent economic and legal developments would most likely be viewed as being unfavourable to unions.

 

Answer:  True

 

37.  Federally regulated public sector employees did not have the right to unionize until 1965.

 

Answer: True

 

38.  Surveys of unions have found that the majority of unions do not engage in political action.

 

Answer: False

 

 

 

Multiple Choice

 

1.    As of 2009 how many employees in Canada were union members?

c.     8 million

d.    4 million

e.    4 million

f.      6 million

g.    8 million

 

Answer:  d

 

2.    Union density indicates the percentage of:

3.    employees who are union members

4.    employees who are covered by collective agreements

5.    employees who wish to become union members

6.    union members who have voluntarily joined a union

7.    union members who have agreed to have union dues deducted from their pay

 

Answer:  a

 

3.    The following statements regarding union density are referred to in alternatives below:

o    Union density has dramatically declined in Canada since 1984.

o    Union density has declined slightly in Canada since 1984.

o    Union density has remained constant in Canada since 1960.

o    Union density has declined dramatically in United States since 1960.

o    Union density has declined slightly in United States since 1960.

 

Which of the above statements is correct?

1.    1 and 4

2.    1 and 5

3.    2 and 4

4.    2 and 5

5.    3 and 5

 

Answer:  c

 

4.    Union density has declined more dramatically in the United States than in Canada because:

5.    the economic environment is less favourable in the United States.

6.    S. employees do not seek unionization as much as Canadian employees do.

7.    right to work legislation in the U.S. requires the compulsory deduction of union dues.

8.    labour relations legislation is enforced more quickly in the United States.

9.    the political environment is less favourable for unions in the United States.

 

Answer:  e

 

5.    Which of the following are the primary methods that could be used by a union to improve employee’s terms and conditions of work?

6.    court action

7.    contract negotiation

8.    political activity

9.    public relations

10.  grievances and arbitration

 

Answer:  b

 

6.    Which of the following objectives of a union would be most closely associated with the philosophy of business unionism?

7.    protecting employees against arbitrary management action.

8.    providing a process for conflict resolution and employee input.

9.    pursuing economic and social change.

10.  improving terms and conditions of work.

11.  a and b

 

Answer:  d

 

7.    The chair of the local school board has made a public statement claiming that mould found in schools does not pose a health risk to students or teachers. Which of the following methods is the union representing teachers most likely to use to effectively respond?

8.    pursue the issue in contract negotiation.

9.     

10.  advertise in local media criticizing the statements and calling for action to be taken.

11.  pursue the issue in a union-management committee.

12.  file a grievance.

 

Answer:  c

 

8.    The Canadian Union of Public Employees (CUPE) is an example of:

9.    a craft union

10.  a Labour Congress

11.  an international union

12.  an industrial union

13.  a Labour Council

 

Answer:  d

 

9.    Which of the following statements regarding a local union is not correct:

10.  It may be affiliated with a national union.

11.  It may be affiliated with an international union.

12.  It may not be affiliated with either a national or international union.

13.  It may be established by an employer.

14.  It may be directly chartered by a Labour Congress.

 

Answer:  d

 

10.  A local union must:

11.  be affiliated with a national or international union

12.  be part of a Labour Congress

13.  have a business agent

14.  have officers who are responsible for the administration of the local’s affairs

15.  a and d

 

Answer:  d

 

11.  Union dues are:

12.  a flat fee in most unions

13.  usually one to two percent of an employee’s earnings

14.  usually three to four percent of an employee’s earnings

15.  paid by the employer

16.  paid to the Labour Council

 

Answer:  b

 

12.  Which of the following is/are the primary functions of a local union?

13.  pursuing changes in employment and labour relations legislation

14.  negotiation of collective agreements

15.  administration of the collective agreement

16.  b and c

17.  a, b, and c

 

Answer:  d

 

13.  The British Columbia Nurses Association is an example of:

14.  a Labour Congress

15.  a Labour Council

16.  an international union

17.  an industrial union

18.  a national union

 

Answer:  e

 

14.  Which of the following statements regarding the organization and governance of national and international unions is correct?

15.  Operational matters are dealt with at the union convention.

16.  The union must have officers as provided in the constitution of the Canadian

Labour Congress.

1.    The supreme governing party of the union is the convention, which is held at the call of the union executive.

2.    The union executive, which varies between unions, is provided for in the union constitution.

3.    Officers of the union are elected for one a one-year term.

 

Answer:  d

 

15.  Which of the following is not a function of a national or international union:

16.  dealing with jurisdictional disputes

17.  organizing workers

18.  assisting locals with contract negotiation

19.  assisting locals with grievances

20.  providing education and training

 

Answer:  a

 

16.  A local union has encountered a problem with an employer. The employer wants to impose drug testing.  If the local requires assistance with a grievance relating to this matter it would most likely contact:

17.  the Canadian Labour Congress

18.  the Labour Council that the local is affiliated with

19.  the national union that the local is affiliated with

20.  the provincial Federation of Labour the local is affiliated with

21.  an independent local union

 

Answer:  c

 

17.  A local union is negotiating a contract with an employer. The employer has referred to information relating to wages paid by other firms in the industry.  If the local union needs assistance to find additional information regarding comparable wages it     would most likely contact:

18.  the Labour Council that the local is affiliated with

19.  the international union that the local is affiliated with

20.  the Canadian Labour Congress

21.  the provincial Federation of Labour that that the local is affiliated with

22.  an independent local union

 

Answer:  b

 

18.  Unions use which of the following methods to achieve their objectives:

19.  legal proceedings

20.  newspaper advertisements

21.  political activity

22.  a and b

23.  a, b, and c

 

Answer:  e

 

19.  Which of the following statements relating to the relationship between a national or international union and a union local is not correct?

20.  The parent union approves the slate of officers submitted by a local.

21.  The parent union may place the local in trusteeship.

22.  The parent union may have the authority to approve contract demands made by the local.

23.  The parent union may have the authority to approve a strike by the local.

 

Answer:  a

 

20.  A Labour Congress could best described as:

21.  a union of unions

22.  an association of national unions

23.  an association of international unions

24.  a body controlling unions

25.  an organization for non-union employees

 

Answer:  a

 

21.  Which of the following are functions of the Canadian Labour Congress:

22.  organizing employees

23.  administration of the collective agreement

24.  negotiation of collective agreements

25.  pursuing changes in employment legislation in the federal jurisdiction

26.  community service

 

Answer:  d

 

22.  The executive of a local affiliated with a national union has misappropriated funds. In response to this the national union is most likely to do which of the following?

23.  impose a trusteeship over the local.

24.  abolish the local.

25.  deal with the issue at the next union convention.

26.  report the local executive to the Labour Relations Board.

27.  refer the matter to the Canadian Labour Congress

 

Answer:  a

 

23.  National unions:

24.  have affiliated locals in all provinces

25.  must belong to the Canadian Labour Congress

26.  are affiliated with an international union

27.  have affiliated locals in Canada

28.  are organizations composed of provincial unions

 

Answer:  d

 

24.  International unions have locals in:

25.  Canada and Europe

26.  Canada and United States

27.  Canada and Mexico

28.  a and b

29.  a, b, c

 

Answer:  b

 

25.  A provincial Federation of Labour has the following functions:

26.  supporting unions in the province that are on strike

27.  negotiating contracts for provincial government employees

28.  providing education and training for members

29.  providing assistance relating to grievances

30.  a and c

 

Answer:  e

 

26.  A Labour Council is:

27.  a provincial social association of union locals that are affiliated with the same national or international union

28.  an association of unions in a municipality or region

29.  an association composed of unions in a province that belong to the Canadian Labour Congress

30.  an association of unions at the national level that promote union interests

31.  a union whose membership is situated entirely in Canada.

 

Answer:  b

 

27.  Which of the following is correct?

28.  In most jurisdictions a union may enforce a fine imposed upon a union member through the court system.

29.  A national union has responsibility for the wrongful acts committed by local union officers.

30.  The Canadian Labour Congress is an organization comprised of only unions that have their headquarters located in Canada.

31.  The Canadian Labour Congress encourages unions to recruit members from the ranks of employees who are already represented by a union.

32.  Surveys of unions have established that the majority of unions engage in political action.

 

Answer:  e

 

28.  The administration of a hospital was criticized for failing to properly manage the facility. The outstanding issues included allegations that money was improperly spent to redecorate the CEO’s office while staff was being laid off.  If a public rally is organized to protest this matter which of the following is more likely to play a key role in the organization of the rally?

29.  the Canadian Labour Congress.

30.  the Labour Council.

31.  a local of a national union in the community.

32.  a local of an international union in the community.

33.  the provincial Federation of Labour

 

Answer:  b

 

29.  The structure of unions in Canada can best be described as:

30.  fragmented

31.  unitary

32.  centralized

33.  controlled by the Canadian Labour Congress

34.  determined by international unions

 

Answer:  a

 

30.  Union density is highest in the:

31.  Canadian public sector

32.  S. public sector

33.  Canadian private sector

34.  S. private sector

 

Answer:  a

 

31.  Which of the following correctly shows union density from the highest to the lowest:

32.  Canadian private sector, Canadian public sector, U.S. public sector, U.S. private sector

33.  Canadian public sector, Canadian private sector, U.S. public sector, U.S. private sector

34.  Canadian public sector, Canadian private sector, U.S. private sector, U.S. public sector

35.  S. public sector, Canadian public sector, Canadian private sector, U.S. private sector

36.  Canadian public sector, U.S. public sector, Canadian private sector, U.S. private sector

 

Answer:  e

 

32.  In Canada union density is as follows:

33.  public sector: 16 percent; private sector: 71 percent

34.  public sector: 35 percent; private sector: 8 percent

35.  public sector: 30 percent; private sector: 10 percent

36.  public sector: 71 percent; private sector: 16 percent

37.  public sector: 71 percent; private sector: 30 percent

 

Answer:  d

 

33.  Which of the following has not been cited as a reason for the difference in union density between Canada and United States?

34.  the legal environment

35.  the political environment

36.  NAFTA

37.  Canadian unions have allocated more time and energy to organizing workers

38.  employer opposition to unions has been greater in the United States

 

Answer:  c

 

34.  Which of the following is a reason why the legal environment in Canada is viewed as being more favourable to unions than the U.S. legal environment?

35.  Some Canadian jurisdictions require a vote for a union to obtain the right to

represent employees.

1.    Some Canadian jurisdictions provide for the deduction of union dues from the pay of union members in a bargaining unit.

2.    Some Canadian jurisdictions have right to work legislation.

3.    Some Canadian jurisdictions provide for the deduction of union dues from the pay of all employees in a bargaining unit.

4.    Most Canadian jurisdictions require employees in a bargaining unit to become union members.

 

Answer:  d

 

35.  Which of the following is correct regarding Canadian union membership?

36.  75% of union members are female

37.  union density for full-time employees is double the rate of part-time employees

38.  union density for full-time employees and part-time employees is the same

39.  a majority of union members are employed in the public sector

40.  a majority of union members are employed in the private sector

 

Answer:  d

 

36.  Which of the following are trends in Canadian union membership:

37.  an increase in the percentage of union members who belong to international unions

38.  an increase in the percentage of union members who belong to national unions

39.  a decrease in the percentage of union members who are female

40.  a decrease in the percentage of union members who are employed in the public sector

41.  b and d

 

Answer:  b

 

37.  Which of the following is correct regarding Canadian membership in national unions and international unions?

38.  National unions are part of international unions.

39.  Some Canadian branches of international unions have separated from the international because of policy differences with the international union.

40.  There has been a shift from membership in national unions to international unions to deal with the consequences of NAFTA.

41.  There has been a shift from membership in national unions to international unions because of the growth of unionization in the public sector.

42.  A majority of Canadian union members belong to international unions.

 

Answer:  b

 

38.  The first unions in Canada were:

39.  international craft unions

40.  national craft unions

41.  local organizations of skilled workers

42.  established in the early 1900s

43.  established by the Knights of Labour

 

Answer:  c

 

39.  The legal environment in which unions were first established could best be described as being:

40.  neutral

41.  favourable

42.  encouraging

43.  irrelevant

44.  hostile

 

Answer:  e

 

40.  Some employers reacted to the establishment of the first unions in Canada by:

41.  having employees sign agreements which prohibited them from joining a union

42.  refusing to deal with a union

43.  blacklisting union supporters

44.  a and b

45.  a, b, and c

 

Answer:  e

 

41.  At the start of the 1900s what percentage of Canadian union members belonged to U.S.-based international unions?

42.  80 percent

43.  85 percent

44.  90 percent

45.  95 percent

46.  100 percent

 

Answer:  d

 

42.  Which of the following are reasons why U.S.-based international unions dominated the Canadian labour movement at one time?

43.  Membership in international unions facilitated finding employment in the United States.

44.  Other unions did not exist in Canada.

45.  The international unions took the initiative in organizing Canadian workers.

46.  The social unionism philosophy of the international unions was attractive to Canadian employees.

47.  a and c

 

Answer:  e

 

43.  The philosophy providing that unions should focus on economic and social change in addition to improving the terms of collective agreements is known as:

44.  social unionism

45.  business unionism

46.  conservative unionism

47.  radical unionism

48.  international unionism

 

Answer:  a

 

44.  The American Federation of Labour, which influenced the development of unions in Canada in the late 1800s and early 1900s had a philosophy of:

45.  industrial unionism

46.  business unionism

47.  political involvement

48.  radical unionism

49.  social unionism

 

Answer:  b

 

45.  Which of the following describes the development of unions in Canada prior to the 1930s?

46.  The political and legal environment encouraged union organization.

47.  Canadian unions developed independently of the labour movement in the United States.

48.  Canadian unions attempted to facilitate unionization by establishing the CCF.

49.  Unions concentrated on organizing craft workers.

50.  Canadian unions adopted a philosophy of social unionism.

 

Answer:  d

 

46.  What is the significance of the Toronto Electric Power Commission v. Snyder case?

47.  It established collective bargaining rights for provincially regulated employees.

48.  It is the basis for a division of authority in labour relations between the federal and provincial governments.

49.  It established that labour relations are a matter of exclusive federal jurisdiction.

50.  It established that labour relations are a matter of exclusive provincial jurisdiction.

51.  It established compulsory conciliation in contract disputes.

 

Answer:  b

 

47.  Which of the following is correct regarding the Winnipeg general strike:

48.  It failed to establish a foundation for more radical union action in Canada.

49.  It led to the establishment of collective bargaining rights in Canada.

50.  It involved only workers in the metal trades seeking union recognition and wage

51.  It was an illustration of a peaceful work stoppage that was successful.

52.  It established the general strike as a weapon for unions.

 

Answer:  a

 

48.  The Wagner Act provided for which of the following?

49.  compulsory conciliation of contract disputes

50.  the establishment of the Canadian Labour Relations Board

51.  a certification process for unions

52.  the mandatory arbitration of disputes relating to the interpretation of the collective agreement

53.  a and c

 

Answer:  c

 

49.  Which of the following established collective bargaining rights in Canada?

50.  Conciliation Act

51.  Industrial Disputes Investigation Act

52.  PC 1003

53.  Wagner Act

54.  Toronto Electric Commissioners v. Snyder

 

Answer:  c

 

50.  Which of the following did PC 1003 establish?

51.  a requirement that employers bargain with certified unions

52.  a provision for strikes to resolve disputes relating to the interpretation of collective agreements

53.  a Labour Court

54.  a and b

55.  a, b, c

 

Answer:  a

 

51.  Which of the following contributed to the establishment of collective bargaining rights in PC 1003?

52.  the establishment of the CCF, a political party supporting unions

53.  labour legislation that provided for collective bargaining rights in the United States

54.  employer demands for the reform of labour relations legislation

55.  a and b

56.  a, b, c

 

Answer:  d

 

 

Essay Questions

 

1.    Explain the meaning and importance of union density.

 

2.    Discuss three objectives of unions, and for each objective referred to elaborate on two methods that could be used to achieve the objective.

 

3.    Discuss the following statement: “The local union is the fundamental unit of union organization.”

 

4.    Explain three possible meanings for the phrase “local union”.

 

5.    Define and describe four functions of a national union.

 

6.    Define and describe four functions of an international union.

 

7.    Define and explain three functions of a local union.

 

8.    Describe the structure, governance and functions, of the following:

a.    a local union

b.    a national union

c.     the Canadian Labour Congress

 

9.    Explain the nature and functions of a provincial labour federation.

 

10.  Explain the nature and functions of a Labour Council.

 

11.  Discuss reasons for the difference in the Canadian and U.S. union density.

 

12.  Identify and contrast two union philosophies.

 

13.  Describe the characteristics of Canadian union membership.

 

14.  Outline the key points in the development of Canadian unions from the formation of the first unions to the present

 

15.  Describe the content and significance of PC 1003.

 

16.  Discuss the following statement: “Recent developments could be viewed as being unfavourable to unions.”

 

17.  Explain the meaning and significance of the phrase “Canadianization of the labour movement”.

 

CHAPTER 4

 

EMPLOYERS: OBJECTIVES, PROCESSES, AND STRATEGY

 

True/False

 

1.    The primary objectives of employers are to maximize profitability and maintain control over the workplace.

 

Answer:  True

 

2.    Recently productivity growth has been the same in Canada and the United States.

 

Answer:  False

 

3.    Employers use public relations efforts as one of the methods to achieve their objectives.

 

Answer:  True

 

4.    The values or personal beliefs of some managers lead them to pursue control of the workplace.

 

Answer:  True

 

5.    Labour relations strategy refers to how a firm competes in the marketplace.

 

Answer:  False

 

6.    Concession bargaining is negotiation over employer demands for reductions in wages and benefits.

 

Answer:  True

 

7.    Cost leadership is a strategy that involves an organization competing on the basis of price.

 

Answer:  True

 

8.    Differentiation is a strategy that involves an organization competing on the basis of price.

 

Answer: False

 

9.    Wal-Mart is an example of a firm using a differentiation strategy.

 

Answer:  False

 

10.  The extent of unionization of the industry in which a firm competes influences a firm’s labour relations strategy.

 

Answer:  True

 

11.  An employer’s experience with unionization influences the employer’s labour relations strategy.

 

Answer:  True

 

12.  Employers in Canada and United States have the same opportunities to oppose unionization of their employees.

 

Answer:  False

 

13.  The legal environment does not affect an employer’s ability to oppose unionization.

 

Answer:  False

 

14.  Employers in Canada have less opportunity to oppose unions than employers in the United States because of the reliance on membership cards in the certification process in all Canadian jurisdictions.

 

Answer:  False

 

15.  The premise of a union avoidance strategy is that employees will not turn to a union if they are treated fairly.

 

Answer:  True

 

16.  A union avoidance strategy involves an employer adopting both legal and illegal means to oppose unionization.

 

Answer:  False

 

17.  A union acceptance strategy refers to an employer voluntarily recognizing the union.

 

Answer:  False