Kozier And Erbs Fundamentals of Nursing 10th Edition by Berman Snyder – Test bank
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Sample
Test
Kozier
& Erb’s Fundamentals
of Nursing, 10/E
Chapter 03
Question 1
Type: MCSA
Nursing students have been assigned to develop their own theory
of nursing. What should they include in their theory, often referred to as the
metaparadigm for nursing?
1. Society,
medicine, nursing, and biology
2. Patient,
facility, health, and nursing
3. Organization,
discipline, nursing, and client
4. Client,
environment, health, and nursing
Correct Answer: 4
Rationale 1: These options do not
include the “pattern” associated with the four concepts that comprise a
metaparadigm.
Rationale 2: These options do not
include the “pattern” associated with the four concepts that comprise a
metaparadigm.
Rationale 3: These options do not
include the “pattern” associated with the four concepts that comprise a
metaparadigm.
Rationale 4: Four major concepts—person
(or client), environment, health, and nursing—can be superimposed on almost any
theoretical work in nursing. They are collectively referred to as a
metaparadigm for nursing.
Cognitive Level: Applying
Client Need: Health Promotion and Maintenance
Client Need Sub:
QSEN Competencies: III.A. 4. Read original research and evidence
reports related to area of practice
AACN Essentials Competencies: III. 2. Demonstrate an
understanding of the basic elements of the research process and models for
applying evidence to clinical practice
NLN Competencies: Knowledge and Science; Practice; Translate
research into practice in order to promote quality and improve practices
Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Nursing Process: Implementation
Learning Outcome: 1. Differentiate the terms theory,
concept, conceptual framework, paradigm, and metaparadigm for nursing.
MNL Learning Outcome: 1.1.1. Explain the history of nursing
theory and role of nursing theory in the provision of nursing care.
Page Number: 38
Question 2
Type: MCSA
Nursing students are researching how cultural practices affect the
dying process of terminal cancer clients. For their research, which theory will
the students most likely explore?
1. Critical
theory
2. Midlevel
theories
3. Grand
theories
4. Stability
models
Correct Answer: 1
Rationale 1: Critical theory research
used in nursing helps explain how structures such as race, gender, sexual
orientation, and economic class affect patient experiences and health outcomes.
In this scenario (the influences of culture on the dying process), research on
critical theory would help in understanding how these structures affect the
human experience of death.
Rationale 2: Midlevel theories focus on
exploring concepts such as pain, self-esteem, and learning.
Rationale 3: Grand theories are only
occasionally used in nursing research. The stability model describes the
dominant view of nursing theories.
Rationale 4: The stability model
describes the dominant view of nursing theories.
Cognitive Level: Applying
Client Need: Health Promotion and Maintenance
Client Need Sub:
QSEN Competencies: III.A. 4. Read original research and evidence
reports related to area of practice
AACN Essentials Competencies: III. 2. Demonstrate an
understanding of the basic elements of the research process and models for
applying evidence to clinical practice
NLN Competencies: Knowledge and Science; Practice; Translate
research into practice in order to promote quality and improve practices
Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Nursing Process: Implementation
Learning Outcome: 4. Identify the role of nursing theory
in nursing education, research, and clinical practice.
MNL Learning Outcome: 1.1.1. Explain the history of nursing
theory and role of nursing theory in the provision of nursing care.
Page Number: 39
Question 3
Type: MCSA
A nurse is caring for a client with a severe head trauma. Each
shift, the nurse pays attention to the lighting, atmosphere, and surroundings
the client is exposed to. The nurse is functioning according to the assumptions
of which nursing theorist?
1. Dorothea
Orem
2. Martha
Rogers
3. Florence
Nightingale
4. Jean
Watson
Correct Answer: 3
Rationale 1: Dorothea Orem’s theory
focused on self-care and doesn’t apply here.
Rationale 2: Rogers’s theory is the
science of unitary human beings and doesn’t apply here.
Rationale 3: Florence Nightingale
defined nursing more than 100 years ago as “the act of utilizing the
environment of the patient to assist him in his recovery.” Attending to the
client’s surroundings, including the lighting and atmosphere, is being
attentive to the client’s environment. Deficiencies in environmental factors
(especially air, water, drainage, cleanliness, and light) have produced lack of
health or illness.
Rationale 4: Jean Watson defined nursing
in relationship to caring and doesn’t apply here.
Cognitive Level: Applying
Client Need: Physiological Integrity
Client Need Sub: Reduction of Risk Potential
QSEN Competencies: III.A. 4. Read original research and evidence
reports related to area of practice
AACN Essentials Competencies: III. 2. Demonstrate an understanding
of the basic elements of the research process and models for applying evidence
to clinical practice
NLN Competencies: Knowledge and Science; Practice; Translate
research into practice in order to promote quality and improve practices
Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Nursing Process: Implementation
Learning Outcome: 2. Describe the major purpose of theory
in the sciences and practice disciplines.
MNL Learning Outcome: 1.1.1. Explain the history of nursing
theory and role of nursing theory in the provision of nursing care.
Page Number: 40
Question 4
Type: MCSA
Nursing staff members from an acute psychiatric unit have been
asked to establish a nurse theorist they can easily identify with in their
practice. Understanding the importance of developing a therapeutic relationship
between themselves and their clients, especially in this unit, to which
theorist would they most likely be drawn?
1. Florence
Nightingale
2. Hildegard
Peplau
3. Jean
Watson
4. Dorothea
Orem
Correct Answer: 2
Rationale 1: Florence Nightingale’s
theory focused on environmental controls.
Rationale 2: Hildegard Peplau, a
psychiatric nurse, introduced a theory in which a therapeutic relationship
between the nurse and client is central.
Rationale 3: Jean Watson’s theory has
caring as its central theme.
Rationale 4: Dorothea Orem’s theory
focused on self-care deficit.
Cognitive Level: Applying
Client Need: Psychosocial Integrity
Client Need Sub:
QSEN Competencies: III.A. 4. Read original research and evidence
reports related to area of practice
AACN Essentials Competencies: III. 2. Demonstrate an
understanding of the basic elements of the research process and models for
applying evidence to clinical practice
NLN Competencies: Knowledge and Science; Practice; Translate
research into practice in order to promote quality and improve practices
Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Nursing Process: Implementation
Learning Outcome: 2. Describe the major purpose of theory
in the sciences and practice disciplines.
MNL Learning Outcome: 1.1.1. Explain the history of nursing
theory and role of nursing theory in the provision of nursing care.
Page Number: 40
Question 5
Type: MCSA
During a hospital stay, the client has taken control of her
recovery and rehabilitation and is utilizing available resources for her needs.
In which level of Peplau’s model should the nurse determine that this patient
is functioning?
1. Orientation
2. Identification
3. Exploitation
4. Resolution
Correct Answer: 3
Rationale 1: Orientation is the first
phase, in which the client seeks help and the nurse provides the client with
understanding and assistance.
Rationale 2: Identification is the
second phase, in which the client assumes dependence, interdependence, or
independence in relation to the nurse.
Rationale 3: The nurse–client
relationship is described in four phases, according to Peplau’s interpersonal
relations model. The exploitation phase occurs when the client derives full
value from what the nurse offers through the relationship, using available
services based on self-interest and needs. Power shifts from the nurse to the
client.
Rationale 4: The last phase is
resolution, in which old needs and goals are put aside and new ones adopted.
Cognitive Level: Analyzing
Client Need: Psychosocial Integrity
Client Need Sub:
QSEN Competencies: III.A. 4. Read original research and evidence
reports related to area of practice
AACN Essentials Competencies: III. 2. Demonstrate an
understanding of the basic elements of the research process and models for
applying evidence to clinical practice
NLN Competencies: Knowledge and Science; Practice; Translate
research into practice in order to promote quality and improve practices
Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Nursing Process: Implementation
Learning Outcome: 2. Describe the major purpose of theory
in the sciences and practice disciplines.
MNL Learning Outcome: 1.1.1. Explain the history of nursing
theory and role of nursing theory in the provision of nursing care.
Page Number: 40
Question 6
Type: MCSA
A Department of Nursing within a medical center is adopting the
theory that is founded on 14 fundamental needs of individuals. Which nurse
theorist is this department using to guide client care?
1. Dorothea
Orem
2. Florence
Nightingale
3. Martha
Rogers
4. Virginia
Henderson
Correct Answer: 4
Rationale 1: Dorothea Orem’s theory on
self-care deficit does not contain 14 fundamental needs.
Rationale 2: Florence Nightingale’s
theory centered around the client’s environment does not contain 14 fundamental
needs.
Rationale 3: Martha Rogers related her
theory to multiple scientific disciplines, and it does not contain 14
fundamental needs.
Rationale 4: Henderson conceptualized
the nurse’s role as assisting sick or healthy individuals to gain independence
in meeting 14 fundamental needs, from breathing normally to discovering the
curiosity that leads to normal development and health.
Cognitive Level: Applying
Client Need: Physiological Integrity
Client Need Sub: Reduction of Risk Potential
QSEN Competencies: III.A. 4. Read original research and evidence
reports related to area of practice
AACN Essentials Competencies: III. 2. Demonstrate an
understanding of the basic elements of the research process and models for
applying evidence to clinical practice
NLN Competencies: Knowledge and Science; Practice; Translate
research into practice in order to promote quality and improve practices
Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Nursing Process: Implementation
Learning Outcome: 2. Describe the major purpose of theory
in the sciences and practice disciplines.
MNL Learning Outcome: 1.1.1. Explain the history of nursing
theory and role of nursing theory in the provision of nursing care.
Page Number: 40
Question 7
Type: MCSA
A nurse has implemented the use of noncontact therapeutic touch.
Which theorist is the nurse using as a basis for this intervention?
1. Florence
Nightingale
2. Martha
Rogers
3. Virginia
Henderson
4. Rosemarie
Parse
Correct Answer: 2
Rationale 1: Rogers states that humans
are dynamic energy fields. Nurses applying Rogers’s theory seek to promote
interaction between the two energy fields. The use of noncontact therapeutic
touch is based on the concept of human energy fields. Nightingale’s theory
centered on the client’s environment. Henderson conceptualized the nurse’s role
as assisting individuals to gain independence in meeting 14 fundamental needs.
Rosemarie Parse’s theory revolves around human becoming.
Rationale 2: Rogers states that humans
are dynamic energy fields. Nurses applying Rogers’s theory seek to promote
interaction between the two energy fields. The use of noncontact therapeutic
touch is based on the concept of human energy fields. Nightingale’s theory
centered on the client’s environment. Henderson conceptualized the nurse’s role
as assisting individuals to gain independence in meeting 14 fundamental needs.
Rosemarie Parse’s theory revolves around human becoming.
Rationale 3: Rogers states that humans
are dynamic energy fields. Nurses applying Rogers’s theory seek to promote
interaction between the two energy fields. The use of noncontact therapeutic
touch is based on the concept of human energy fields. Nightingale’s theory
centered on the client’s environment. Henderson conceptualized the nurse’s role
as assisting individuals to gain independence in meeting 14 fundamental needs.
Rosemarie Parse’s theory revolves around human becoming.
Rationale 4: Rogers states that humans
are dynamic energy fields. Nurses applying Rogers’s theory seek to promote
interaction between the two energy fields. The use of noncontact therapeutic
touch is based on the concept of human energy fields. Nightingale’s theory
centered on the client’s environment. Henderson conceptualized the nurse’s role
as assisting individuals to gain independence in meeting 14 fundamental needs.
Rosemarie Parse’s theory revolves around human becoming.
Cognitive Level: Applying
Client Need: Physiological Integrity
Client Need Sub: Reduction of Risk Potential
QSEN Competencies: III.A. 4. Read original research and evidence
reports related to area of practice
AACN Essentials Competencies: III. 2. Demonstrate an understanding
of the basic elements of the research process and models for applying evidence
to clinical practice
NLN Competencies: Knowledge and Science; Practice; Translate
research into practice in order to promote quality and improve practices
Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Nursing Process: Implementation
Learning Outcome: 2. Describe the major purpose of theory
in the sciences and practice disciplines.
MNL Learning Outcome: 1.1.1. Explain the history of nursing
theory and role of nursing theory in the provision of nursing care.
Page Number: 41
Question 8
Type: MCSA
The nurse is teaching health and wellness principles to junior
high students. According to Orem’s theory, which category of self-care
requisite is the nurse using to guide this teaching?
1. Universal
2. Developmental
3. Health
deviation
4. Deficit
Correct Answer: 2
Rationale 1: Universal requisites are
common to all people and include nutrition, hydration, elimination, and rest.
Rationale 2: Developmental requisites
result from maturation or are associated with conditions or events, such as
adjusting to a change in body image (adolescent maturation, in this case) or to
the loss of a spouse.
Rationale 3: Health deviation requisites
result from illness, injury, or disease or its treatment. They include actions
such as seeking health care assistance, carrying out prescribed therapies, and
learning to live with the effects of illness or treatment.
Rationale 4: Self-care deficit is not a
self-care requisite, but it results when self-care agency is not adequate to
meet the known self-care demand.
Cognitive Level: Applying
Client Need: Health Promotion and Maintenance
Client Need Sub:
QSEN Competencies: III.A. 4. Read original research and evidence
reports related to area of practice
AACN Essentials Competencies: III. 2. Demonstrate an
understanding of the basic elements of the research process and models for
applying evidence to clinical practice
NLN Competencies: Knowledge and Science; Practice; Translate
research into practice in order to promote quality and improve practices
Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Nursing Process: Implementation
Learning Outcome: 4. Identify the role of nursing theory
in nursing education, research, and clinical practice.
MNL Learning Outcome: 1.1.1. Explain the history of nursing theory
and role of nursing theory in the provision of nursing care.
Page Number: 41
Question 9
Type: MCSA
The nurse is caring for clients in Stage II/III Alzheimer’s
disease. If Orem’s theory is applied, which type of nursing system should the
nurse use when providing client care?
1. Supportive
2. Educative
3. Partly
compensatory
4. Wholly
compensatory
Correct Answer: 4
Rationale 1: Supportive systems
(developmental) are designed for persons who need to learn to perform self-care
measures and need assistance to do so. This would not be attainable for this
group of clients.
Rationale 2: Educative systems
(developmental) are designed for persons who need to learn to perform self-care
measures and need assistance to do so. This would not be attainable for this
group of clients.
Rationale 3: Partly compensatory systems
are designed for individuals who are unable to perform some, but not all,
self-care activities. Because the clients are in the end stage of the disease,
their ability to care for themselves is greatly diminished. Some would not be
able to care for themselves at all.
Rationale 4: Wholly compensatory systems
are required for individuals who are unable to control and monitor their
environment and process information. This would describe clients with Stage
II/III Alzheimer’s—those who need constant supervision and at some point in the
near future, total care with all activities of daily living (ADLs).
Cognitive Level: Applying
Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment
Client Need Sub: Safety and Infection Control
QSEN Competencies: III.A. 4. Read original research and evidence
reports related to area of practice
AACN Essentials Competencies: III. 2. Demonstrate an
understanding of the basic elements of the research process and models for
applying evidence to clinical practice
NLN Competencies: Knowledge and Science; Practice; Translate
research into practice in order to promote quality and improve practices
Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Nursing Process: Implementation
Learning Outcome: 2. Describe the major purpose of theory
in the sciences and practice disciplines.
MNL Learning Outcome: 1.1.1. Explain the history of nursing
theory and role of nursing theory in the provision of nursing care.
Page Number: 41
Question 10
Type: MCSA
A nurse educator incorporates stress, power, authority, and
personal space along with other concepts and considers these concepts essential
knowledge for use by nurses. From which theorist is the educator applying
principles into the curriculum?
1. Dorothea
Orem
2. Imogene
King
3. Jean
Watson
4. Hildegard
Peplau
Correct Answer: 2
Rationale 1: Orem’s theory focuses on
self-care/self-care deficit and is not applicable here.
Rationale 2: Imogene King’s theory of
goal attainment is based on 15 concepts from nursing literature she selected as
essential knowledge for use by nurses: self, role, perception, communication,
interaction, transaction, growth and development, stress, time, personal space,
organization, status, power, authority, and decision making.
Rationale 3: Jean Watson’s theory
centers on caring interaction and is not applicable here.
Rationale 4: Hildegard Peplau’s theory
centers on the use of a therapeutic relationship between the nurse and client
and is not applicable here.
Cognitive Level: Analyzing
Client Need: Health Promotion and Maintenance
Client Need Sub:
QSEN Competencies: III.A. 4. Read original research and evidence
reports related to area of practice
AACN Essentials Competencies: III. 2. Demonstrate an
understanding of the basic elements of the research process and models for
applying evidence to clinical practice
NLN Competencies: Knowledge and Science; Practice; Translate
research into practice in order to promote quality and improve practices
Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Nursing Process: Implementation
Learning Outcome: 2. Describe the major purpose of theory
in the sciences and practice disciplines.
MNL Learning Outcome: 1.1.1. Explain the history of nursing
theory and role of nursing theory in the provision of nursing care.
Page Number: 41
Question 11
Type: MCSA
The nurse is applying Neuman’s systems model during client care.
Which response should the nurse identify as an intrapersonal stressor to a
client?
1. Inadequate
health insurance coverage
2. Family
members who quarrel frequently about the client’s care
3. Adverse
reaction to medication
4. Expectations
regarding rehab
Correct Answer: 3
Rationale 1: Extrapersonal stressors are
those that occur outside the person (e.g., financial/insurance concerns).
Rationale 2: Interpersonal stressors are
those that occur between individuals (e.g., family members who quarrel).
Rationale 3: Neuman categorizes
stressors as intrapersonal when they occur within the individual (e.g., a drug
reaction).
Rationale 4: Neuman categorizes
stressors as interpersonal when they occur between individuals (e.g.,
expectations regarding rehabilitation).
Cognitive Level: Analyzing
Client Need: Psychosocial Integrity
Client Need Sub:
QSEN Competencies: III.A. 4. Read original research and evidence
reports related to area of practice
AACN Essentials Competencies: III. 2. Demonstrate an
understanding of the basic elements of the research process and models for
applying evidence to clinical practice
NLN Competencies: Knowledge and Science; Practice; Translate
research into practice in order to promote quality and improve practices
Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Nursing Process: Assessment
Learning Outcome: 2. Describe the major purpose of theory
in the sciences and practice disciplines.
MNL Learning Outcome: 1.1.1. Explain the history of nursing
theory and role of nursing theory in the provision of nursing care.
Page Number: 42
Question 12
Type: MCSA
A client is being seen in the clinic for the final follow-up
appointment after an extensive course of rehabilitation. According to Neuman’s
model, which level of intervention should the nurse realize this patient is
experiencing?
1. Primary
prevention
2. Secondary
prevention
3. Resistant
prevention
4. Tertiary
prevention
Correct Answer: 4
Rationale 1: Primary prevention focuses
on protecting the normal line of defense and strengthening the flexible line of
defense.
Rationale 2: Secondary prevention
focuses on strengthening internal lines of resistance, reducing the reaction,
and increasing resistance factors.
Rationale 3: Secondary prevention focuses
on strengthening internal lines of resistance, reducing the reaction, and
increasing resistance factors.
Rationale 4: According to Neuman’s
model, nursing interventions focus on retaining or maintaining system stability
and are carried out on three preventive levels: primary, secondary, and
tertiary. Tertiary prevention focuses on readaptation and stability and
protects reconstitution or return to wellness following treatment. A final
follow-up appointment following extensive rehabilitation would be an example of
tertiary prevention.
.
Cognitive Level: Analyzing
Client Need: Health Promotion and Maintenance
Client Need Sub:
QSEN Competencies: III.A. 4. Read original research and evidence
reports related to area of practice
AACN Essentials Competencies: III. 2. Demonstrate an
understanding of the basic elements of the research process and models for
applying evidence to clinical practice
NLN Competencies: Knowledge and Science; Practice; Translate
research into practice in order to promote quality and improve practices
Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Nursing Process: Assessment
Learning Outcome: 2. Describe the major purpose of theory
in the sciences and practice disciplines.
MNL Learning Outcome: 1.1.1. Explain the history of nursing
theory and role of nursing theory in the provision of nursing care.
Page Number: 42
Question 13
Type: MCSA
A client with a postoperative infection is afebrile but still
receiving IV antibiotics. The nurse should realize that this client is
receiving which level of prevention?
1. Primary
2. Secondary
3. Tertiary
4. Critical
Correct Answer: 2
Rationale 1: Primary prevention focuses
on protecting the normal line of defense and strengthening the flexible line of
defense.
Rationale 2: Secondary prevention
focuses on strengthening internal lines of resistance (fighting the infection
with IV antibiotics), reducing the reaction, and increasing resistance factors.
The fact that the client is now afebrile shows that the treatment is working to
improve the client’s condition.
Rationale 3: Tertiary prevention focuses
on readaptation and stability and protects reconstitution or return to wellness
following treatment.
Rationale 4: Critical prevention is not
part of Neuman’s model.
Cognitive Level: Analyzing
Client Need: Physiological Integrity
Client Need Sub: Pharmacological and Parenteral Therapies
QSEN Competencies: III.A. 4. Read original research and evidence
reports related to area of practice
AACN Essentials Competencies: III. 2. Demonstrate an
understanding of the basic elements of the research process and models for
applying evidence to clinical practice
NLN Competencies: Knowledge and Science; Practice; Translate
research into practice in order to promote quality and improve practices
Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Nursing Process: Assessment
Learning Outcome: 2. Describe the major purpose of theory
in the sciences and practice disciplines.
MNL Learning Outcome: 1.1.1. Explain the history of nursing
theory and role of nursing theory in the provision of nursing care.
Page Number: 42
Question 14
Type: MCSA
A group of nursing students is helping to set up an immunization
clinic. In which level of prevention are these students functioning?
1. Educational
2. Primary
3. Secondary
4. Tertiary
Correct Answer: 2
Rationale 1: Educational is not one of Neuman’s
levels of prevention.
Rationale 2: Primary prevention focuses
on protecting the normal line of defense. Providing immunizations would be
doing just that—protecting the body’s normal response to disease by helping it
to build antibodies.
Rationale 3: Secondary prevention
focuses on strengthening internal lines of resistance.
Rationale 4: Tertiary prevention focuses
on readaptation and stability.
.
Cognitive Level: Analyzing
Client Need: Health Promotion and Maintenance
Client Need Sub:
QSEN Competencies: III.A. 4. Read original research and evidence
reports related to area of practice
AACN Essentials Competencies: III. 2. Demonstrate an
understanding of the basic elements of the research process and models for
applying evidence to clinical practice
NLN Competencies: Knowledge and Science; Practice; Translate
research into practice in order to promote quality and improve practices
Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Nursing Process: Implementation
Learning Outcome: 2. Describe the major purpose of theory
in the sciences and practice disciplines.
MNL Learning Outcome: 1.1.1. Explain the history of nursing
theory and role of nursing theory in the provision of nursing care.
Page Number: 42
Question 15
Type: MCSA
The nurse is preparing to complete a spiritual assessment with a
client. Which theorist should the nurse review before completing this
assessment?
1. Roy
2. Neuman
3. Nightingale
4. Peplau
Correct Answer: 1
Rationale 1: Sr. Callista Roy’s work
focuses on the increasing complexity of person and environment and the
relationship between and among persons, the universe, and what can be
considered a supreme being or God. She uses characteristics of “creation
spirituality” in her work and philosophy.
Rationale 2: Neuman developed her model
based on the individual’s relationship to stress.
Rationale 3: Nightingale’s theory
focuses on environmental manipulation.
Rationale 4: Peplau’s theory centers on
the therapeutic relationship between nurse and client.
Global Rationale:
Cognitive Level: Applying
Client Need: Psychosocial Integrity
Client Need Sub:
QSEN Competencies: III.A. 4. Read original research and evidence
reports related to area of practice
AACN Essentials Competencies: III. 2. Demonstrate an
understanding of the basic elements of the research process and models for
applying evidence to clinical practice
NLN Competencies: Knowledge and Science; Practice; Translate
research into practice in order to promote quality and improve practices
Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Nursing Process: Implementation
Learning Outcome: 2. Describe the major purpose of theory
in the sciences and practice disciplines.
MNL Learning Outcome: 1.1.1. Explain the history of nursing
theory and role of nursing theory in the provision of nursing care.
Page Number: 42
Question 16
Type: MCSA
The nurse observes a client working to include the spouse in the
treatment and recovery process of an illness. Which of Roy’s modes should the
nurse recognize that this client is demonstrating?
1. Physiologic
2. Self-concept
3. Role
function
4. Interdependence
Correct Answer: 4
Rationale 1: The physiologic mode
involves the body’s basic physiologic needs and ways of adapting with regard to
function of the body’s systems.
Rationale 2: The self-concept mode
includes the physical self and the personal self.
Rationale 3: The role function mode is
determined by the need for social integration and refers to the performance of
duties based on given positions within society.
Rationale 4: The goal of Roy’s model is
to enhance life processes through adaptation in four adaptive modes. The
interdependence mode involves one’s relations with significant others and
support systems that provide help, affection, and attention. Involving a spouse
with the treatment and recovery process would be an example of this mode.
Cognitive Level: Analyzing
Client Need: Health Promotion and Maintenance
Client Need Sub:
QSEN Competencies: III.A. 4. Read original research and evidence
reports related to area of practice
AACN Essentials Competencies: III. 2. Demonstrate an
understanding of the basic elements of the research process and models for
applying evidence to clinical practice
NLN Competencies: Knowledge and Science; Practice; Translate
research into practice in order to promote quality and improve practices
Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Nursing Process: Implementation
Learning Outcome: 2. Describe the major purpose of theory
in the sciences and practice disciplines.
MNL Learning Outcome: 1.1.1. Explain the history of nursing
theory and role of nursing theory in the provision of nursing care.
Page Number: 43
Question 17
Type: MCSA
A client is experiencing metabolic acidosis, a condition that
involves the body’s pH level, carbon dioxide level, and bicarbonate balance.
According to Roy’s model, to which mode should the nurse realize that this
client is responding?
1. Physiologic
2. Self-concept
3. Role
function
4. Interdependence
Correct Answer: 1
Rationale 1: The physiologic mode
involves the body’s basic physiologic needs and ways of adapting with regard to
fluid and electrolytes, activity and rest, circulation and oxygen, nutrition
and elimination, protection, the senses, and neurologic and endocrine function.
The pH level as well as levels of the carbon dioxide and bicarbonate ion would
be physiologic mechanisms at work in the body.
Rationale 2: The self-concept mode
includes the physical self and the personal self.
Rationale 3: The role function mode is
determined by the need for social integration and refers to the performance of
duties based on given positions within society.
Rationale 4: The interdependence mode
involves one’s relations with significant others and support systems that
provide help, affection, and attention.
Cognitive Level: Analyzing
Client Need: Physiological Integrity
Client Need Sub: Physiological Adaptation
QSEN Competencies: III.A. 4. Read original research and evidence
reports related to area of practice
AACN Essentials Competencies: III. 2. Demonstrate an
understanding of the basic elements of the research process and models for
applying evidence to clinical practice
NLN Competencies: Knowledge and Science; Practice; Translate
research into practice in order to promote quality and improve practices
Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Nursing Process: Implementation
Learning Outcome: 2. Describe the major purpose of theory
in the sciences and practice disciplines.
MNL Learning Outcome: 1.1.1. Explain the history of nursing
theory and role of nursing theory in the provision of nursing care.
Page Number: 43
Question 18
Type: MCSA
A nurse has agreed to delay a client’s treatment until the
matriarch of the family can be present. Understanding that this is an important
consideration for this client’s cultural practices, which of Leininger’s
intervention modes is the nurse implementing?
1. Preservation
and maintenance
2. Accommodation,
negotiation
3. Restructuring
4. Repatterning
Correct Answer: 2
Rationale 1: The preservation and
maintenance mode does not involve the scenario described here.
Rationale 2: By allowing flexibility in
scheduling client treatment in order to allow for the client’s family member to
be present—which in this case is an important aspect of the family’s cultural
practices—the nurse accommodates the client’s needs.
Rationale 3: Restructuring does not
involve the scenario described here.
Rationale 4: Repatterning does not
involve the scenario described here.
Cognitive Level: Applying
Client Need: Psychosocial Integrity
Client Need Sub:
QSEN Competencies: III.A. 4. Read original research and evidence
reports related to area of practice
AACN Essentials Competencies: III. 2. Demonstrate an
understanding of the basic elements of the research process and models for
applying evidence to clinical practice
NLN Competencies: Knowledge and Science; Practice; Translate
research into practice in order to promote quality and improve practices
Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Nursing Process: Implementation
Learning Outcome: 2. Describe the major purpose of theory
in the sciences and practice disciplines.
MNL Learning Outcome: 1.1.1. Explain the history of nursing
theory and role of nursing theory in the provision of nursing care.
Page Number: 43
Question 19
Type: MCSA
The nurse implements being authentically present to clients by
supporting them in their beliefs and helping to instill hopefulness in their recovery.
Which theorist is the nurse using when performing these actions?
1. Florence
Nightingale
2. Hildegard
Peplau
3. Jean
Watson
4. Rosemarie
Parse
Correct Answer: 3
Rationale 1: Nightingale’s theory
involved environmental manipulation.
Rationale 2: Peplau focused on the
therapeutic relationship between nurse and client.
Rationale 3: Jean Watson believes the
practice of caring is central to nursing and has developed nursing
interventions referred to as clinical caritas processes. Of these, “being
authentically present, and enabling and sustaining the deep belief system and
subjective life world of self and one-being cared for” is an example.
Rationale 4: Parse developed the theory
of human becoming.
Cognitive Level: Applying
Client Need: Psychosocial Integrity
Client Need Sub:
QSEN Competencies: III.A. 4. Read original research and evidence
reports related to area of practice
AACN Essentials Competencies: III. 2. Demonstrate an
understanding of the basic elements of the research process and models for
applying evidence to clinical practice
NLN Competencies: Knowledge and Science; Practice; Translate
research into practice in order to promote quality and improve practices
Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Nursing Process: Implementation
Learning Outcome: 4. Identify the role of nursing theory
in nursing education, research, and clinical practice.
MNL Learning Outcome: 1.1.1. Explain the history of nursing
theory and role of nursing theory in the provision of nursing care.
Page Number: 44
Question 20
Type: MCSA
The nurse struggling with a demanding client focuses on
experiencing a sense of true empathy for the client’s situation. Which
assumption of Parse’s human becoming theory is the nurse using?
1. Meaning
2. Rhythmicity
3. Intersubjectivity
4. Cotranscendence
Correct Answer: 4
Rationale 1: Meaning arises from a
person’s interrelationship with the world.
Rationale 2: Rhythmicity is the movement
toward greater diversity.
Rationale 3: Intersubjectivity is not
one of Parse’s assumptions.
Rationale 4: Cotranscendence is the
process of reaching out beyond the self, which would be what the nurse in this
scenario has implemented.
Cognitive Level: Applying
Client Need: Psychosocial Integrity
Client Need Sub:
QSEN Competencies: III.A. 4. Read original research and evidence
reports related to area of practice
AACN Essentials Competencies: III. 2. Demonstrate an
understanding of the basic elements of the research process and models for
applying evidence to clinical practice
NLN Competencies: Knowledge and Science; Practice; Translate
research into practice in order to promote quality and improve practices
Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Nursing Process: Implementation
Learning Outcome: 4. Identify the role of nursing theory
in nursing education, research, and clinical practice.
MNL Learning Outcome: 1.1.1. Explain the history of nursing
theory and role of nursing theory in the provision of nursing care.
Page Number: 44
Question 21
Type: MCSA
When a client who had a stroke gives up all hope of any amount
of recovery, the nurse solicits a visit from a former stroke client who has
physical limitations but has since gone back to work and, through adaptation,
can function independently at home. This nurse has fulfilled which role,
according to Parse?
1. Mobilizing
transcendence
2. Synchronizing
rhythm
3. Illuminating
meaning
4. True
presence
Correct Answer: 3
Rationale 1: Mobilizing transcendence is
dreaming of possibilities and planning to reach them.
Rationale 2: Synchronizing rhythm
involves leading through discussion to recognize harmony.
Rationale 3: According to Parse’s
theory, illuminating meaning refers to uncovering what was and what will be. In
this situation, the stroke is what was, and the client who is now independent
is what could be for the nurse’s current client.
Rationale 4: Nurses must provide a “true
presence” to their clients, but this is not a role in Parse’s theory; it is a
behavior.
Cognitive Level: Analyzing
Client Need: Psychosocial Integrity
Client Need Sub:
QSEN Competencies: III.A. 4. Read original research and evidence
reports related to area of practice
AACN Essentials Competencies: III. 2. Demonstrate an
understanding of the basic elements of the research process and models for
applying evidence to clinical practice
NLN Competencies: Knowledge and Science; Practice; Translate
research into practice in order to promote quality and improve practices
Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Nursing Process: Implementation
Learning Outcome: 4. Identify the role of nursing theory
in nursing education, research, and clinical practice.
MNL Learning Outcome: 1.1.1. Explain the history of nursing
theory and role of nursing theory in the provision of nursing care.
Page Number: 44
Question 22
Type: MCSA
The pediatric nurse implements Watson’s assumption regarding a
caring environment. Which action did the nurse take to implement this
assumption?
1. Providing
for all needs and cares of the nurse’s clients
2. Ensuring
that a zone of professionalism is present between the nurse and client
3. Allowing
the clients to have choices, as appropriate, in their care
4. Selecting
games and activities that are age appropriate for the clients
Correct Answer: 3
Rationale 1: The nurse may not need to
provide for all of the needs and cares of clients.
Rationale 2: Being conscientious of a
zone of professionalism (i.e., keeping distant) would not be a characteristic
of caring according to Watson.
Rationale 3: A caring environment,
according to Watson’s assumptions of caring, offers the development of
potential while allowing the person to choose the best action for the self at a
given point in time.
Rationale 4: Taking choices away from
clients by making selections for them is not a good example of true caring, as
defined by Watson.
Cognitive Level: Applying
Client Need: Psychosocial Integrity
Client Need Sub:
QSEN Competencies: III.A. 4. Read original research and evidence
reports related to area of practice
AACN Essentials Competencies: III. 2. Demonstrate an
understanding of the basic elements of the research process and models for
applying evidence to clinical practice
NLN Competencies: Knowledge and Science; Practice; Translate
research into practice in order to promote quality and improve practices
Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Nursing Process: Evaluation
Learning Outcome: 4. Identify the role of nursing theory
in nursing education, research, and clinical practice.
MNL Learning Outcome: 1.1.1. Explain the history of nursing
theory and role of nursing theory in the provision of nursing care.
Page Number: 44
Question 23
Type: MCMA
Nursing students have been studying the “stability model” of
nurse theorists. What phrases or terms should the students use to describe this
model?
Standard Text: Select all that apply.
1. Dominant
2. Systems
framework
3. Stress/adaptation
framework
4. Martha
Rogers’s theory
5. Caring/complexity
framework
6. Callista
Roy’s theory
Correct Answer: 1, 2, 3, 6
Rationale 1: The dominant view of
nursing theories is considered the “stability model.”
Rationale 2: The dominant view of
nursing theories is considered the “stability model,” and may include systems
as a framework.
Rationale 3: The dominant view of
nursing theories is considered the “stability model,” and may include
stress/adaptation as a framework.
Rationale 4: The emerging view is
considered the “growth model,” with theories using caring or complexity as
frameworks. This model includes the theory of Martha Rogers.
Rationale 5: The emerging view is
considered the “growth model,” with theories using caring or complexity as
frameworks.
Rationale 6: The dominant view of
nursing theories is considered the “stability model” and may include the theory
of Callista Roy.
Cognitive Level: Applying
Client Need: Health Promotion and Maintenance
Client Need Sub:
QSEN Competencies: III.A. 4. Read original research and evidence
reports related to area of practice
AACN Essentials Competencies: III. 2. Demonstrate an
understanding of the basic elements of the research process and models for
applying evidence to clinical practice
NLN Competencies: Knowledge and Science; Practice; Translate
research into practice in order to promote quality and improve practices
Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Nursing Process: Implementation
Learning Outcome: 2. Describe the major purpose of theory
in the sciences and practice disciplines.
MNL Learning Outcome: 1.1.1. Explain the history of nursing
theory and role of nursing theory in the provision of nursing care.
Page Number: 42
Question 24
Type: MCMA
Grounding nursing research in theories from other disciplines is
argued to be undesirable by some scholars. What should the nurse identify as
reasons why grounding theory is not desired?
Standard Text: Select all that apply.
1. It
detracts from developing nursing as a separate discipline.
2. It
makes nursing less relevant.
3. It
helps bring a broader perspective and insight to nursing.
4. Other
disciplines are not unique to the human condition.
5. Other
disciplines get the benefit of nursing’s research.
Correct Answer: 1, 2, 5
Rationale 1: Some nursing scholars think
that grounding research in theories from other disciplines detracts from the
development of nursing as a separate discipline.
Rationale 2: Some nursing scholars think
that grounding research in theories from other disciplines makes nursing
research less relevant.
Rationale 3: Some scholars believe that bringing
insights and perspectives from other disciplines helps to broaden values of the
profession.
Rationale 4: Other disciplines are
attentive to the human condition.
Rationale 5: Other disciplines regularly
share research findings, and it does not detract from the professional source.
Cognitive Level: Analyzing
Client Need: Health Promotion and Maintenance
Client Need Sub:
QSEN Competencies: III.A. 4. Read original research and evidence
reports related to area of practice
AACN Essentials Competencies: III. 2. Demonstrate an
understanding of the basic elements of the research process and models for
applying evidence to clinical practice
NLN Competencies: Knowledge and Science; Practice; Translate
research into practice in order to promote quality and improve practices
Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Nursing Process: Diagnosis
Learning Outcome: 5. Identify one positive and one
negative effect of using theory to understand clinical practice.
MNL Learning Outcome: 1.1.1. Explain the history of nursing
theory and role of nursing theory in the provision of nursing care.
Page Number: 38
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