Introduction to Mechatronics And Measurement Systems 5Th Edition By David Alciatore – Test Bank
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Introduction to Mechatronics and Measurement Systems, 5e(Alciatore)
Chapter 3 Semiconductor Electronics
1) If two diodes are connected in series in opposite directions,
ideally the result will behave like
1. A) a
short (closed) circuit
2. B) an
open circuit
3. C)
ground
4. D) a
voltage source
5. E) a
current source
Answer: B
2) If you apply 5V directly across an LED so that it is forward
biased, and its specified forward bias voltage is 2V, it will
1. A)
shine dimly.
2. B)
not shine at all since no current will flow.
3. C)
become cold in temperature due to the semiconductor properties.
4. D)
fail due to excessive current.
5. E)
store the excess energy in a magnetic field, like an inductor.
Answer: D
3) You purchase an LED with a forward bias voltage of 2V. The
manufacturer claims the most efficient current for good brightness and low
power loss is 30mA. If using a 5V power supply, what resistance value should
you put in series with the diode to achieve the recommended current?
1. A)
5/30 Ω
2. B)
50/3 Ω
3. C)
500/3 Ω
4. D)
150 Ω
5. E)
100 Ω
Answer: E
The subsequent problems deal with the circuit shown below.
Assume that the diode is ideal (i.e., has a 0V forward bias voltage).
4) Using a KVL equation in loop A, which expression below is
valid?
1. A)
V1= I1R1+ I2R2
2. B)
V1= −I1R1− I2R2
3. C)
V1= I1R1+ (I1 − I2)R2
4. D)
V1= −I1R1− (I1 − I2)R2
5. E)
V1= I1R1+ (I1 + I2)R2
Answer: E
5) Using a KVL equation in loop B, which expression below is
valid?
1. A)
Vd= V2− (I1+ I2)R2
2. B)
Vd= −V2− (I1− I2)R2
3. C)
Vd= V2+ I2R2
4. D)
Vd= V2− I2R2
5. E)
Vd= −V2+ I2R2
Answer: A
6) What condition is required for the diode to be forward
biased?
1. A)
V2< 0
2. B)
V1> 0
3. C)
V1+ V2> 0
4. D)
V1− V2> 0
5. E)
V2− V1> 0
Answer: D
7) If V1 = 0V (short), V2> 0, and R1 = R2 = R,
what is I1?
1. A) 0
2. B)
V2/ R
3. C)
−V2/ R
4. D)
−V2/ 2R
5. E)
V2/ 2R
Answer: A
8) If V1 = 0V (short), V2> 0, and R1 = R2 = R,
what is Vd?
1. A) 0
2. B) V2
3. C)
−V2
4. D)
V2/ 2
5. E)
−V2/ 2
Answer: B
9) If V1 = 0V (short), V2< 0, and R1 = R2 = R,
what is Vd?
1. A) 0
2. B) V2
3. C)
−V2
4. D)
V2/ 2
5. E)
−V2/ 2
Answer: A
The subsequent problems deal with the circuit shown below.
Assume that the diode is ideal (i.e., has a 0V forward bias voltage) and the
capacitor has no charge initially. Assume R1 = R2 = R.
10) Immediately after the power is applied (i.e., the circuit is
not in steady state yet), what is the voltage across the capacitor if Vdc>
0?
1. A) 0
V
2. B)
Vdc/ 2
3. C)
Vdc/ 3
4. D)
Vdc
5. E)
2Vdc
Answer: A
11) Immediately after the power is applied (i.e., the circuit is
not in steady state yet), what is the voltage across R1 if Vdc> 0?
1. A) 0
V
2. B)
Vdc/ 2
3. C)
Vdc/ 3
4. D)
Vdc
5. E)
2Vdc
Answer: D
12) Immediately after the power is applied (i.e., the circuit is
not in steady state yet), what is the magnitude of the voltage across
R1 if Vdc< 0?
1. A) 0
V
2. B)
|Vdc| / 2
3. C)
|Vdc| / 3
4. D)
|Vdc|
5. E)
2|Vdc|
Answer: A
13) Immediately after the power is applied (i.e., the circuit is
not in steady state yet), what is the voltage across R2 if Vdc> 0?
1. A) 0
V
2. B)
Vdc/ 2
3. C)
Vdc/ 3
4. D)
Vdc
5. E)
2Vdc
Answer: D
14) Immediately after the power is applied (i.e., the circuit is
not in steady state yet), what is the magnitude of the voltage across
R2 if Vdc< 0?
1. A) 0
V
2. B)
Vdc/ 2
3. C)
Vdc/ 3
4. D)
Vdc
5. E)
2Vdc
Answer: A
15) What is the steady state voltage across the capacitor if
Vdc> 0?
1. A) 0
V
2. B)
Vdc/ 2
3. C)
Vdc/ 3
4. D)
Vdc
5. E)
2Vdc
Answer: D
16) What is the steady state voltage across the capacitor if
Vdc< 0?
1. A) 0
V
2. B)
Vdc/ 2
3. C)
Vdc/ 3
4. D)
Vdc
5. E)
2Vdc
Answer: A
17) What is the steady state voltage across R2 if Vdc>
0?
1. A) 0
V
2. B)
Vdc/ 2
3. C)
Vdc/ 3
4. D)
Vdc
5. E)
2Vdc
Answer: A
The subsequent problems deal with the circuit shown below.
Assume that the diode is ideal (i.e., has a 0V forward bias voltage).
18) If VA=5V and VB=2V, what is the steady state value for
current I?
1. A) 0
2. B)
1/3 mA
3. C)
1/3000 A
4. D) 3
mA
5. E)
3000 A
Answer: D
19) If VA=5V and VB=2V, and there is a switch that turns on both
voltage sources at the same time, and there is no charge on the capacitor
initially, what is current I immediately
after the switch is closed (i.e., the circuit is not in steady state yet)?
1. A) 0
2. B)
1/3 mA
3. C) 3
mA
4. D)
1/5 mA
5. E) 5
mA
Answer: E
20) If VA=2V and VB=5V, what is the steady state value for
current I?
1. A) 0
2. B)
−1/3 mA
3. C)
−1/3000 A
4. D) −3
mA
5. E)
−3000 A
Answer: A
21) If VA=5V and VB=2V, what is the steady state value for
voltage VC?
1. A) 0
2. B) 2
V
3. C) 3
V
4. D) 5
V
5. E) 7
V
Answer: B
22) If VA=2V and VB=5V, what is the steady state value for
voltage VC?
1. A) 0
2. B) 2
V
3. C) 3
V
4. D) 5
V
5. E) 7
V
Answer: B
23) If VA=5V and VB=2V, what is the steady state value for
voltage VD?
1. A) 0
2. B) 2
V
3. C) 3
V
4. D) 5
V
5. E) 7
V
Answer: A
24) If VA=5V and VB=2V, and there is a switch that turns on both
voltage sources at the same time, and there is no charge on the capacitor
initially, what is voltage VD immediately after the switch is closed
(i.e., the circuit is not in steady state yet)?
1. A) 0
2. B) −2
V
3. C) 2
V
4. D) −3
V
5. E) 3
V
Answer: B
25) If VA=2V and VB=5V, what is the steady state value for
voltage VD?
1. A) 0
2. B) −2
V
3. C) 2
V
4. D) −3
V
5. E) 3
V
Answer: D
The subsequent problems deal with the circuit below:
26) When Vin is positive (e.g., 2V) and the diodes are
assumed to be ideal (no drop), Vout (assuming the polarity shown) is equal
to
1. A)
−Vin(e.g., −2 V)
2. B) 0
3. C)
Vin(e.g., 2 V)
4. D)
Vin/2 (e.g., 1 V)
5. E)
−Vin/2 (e.g., −1 V)
Answer: D
27) When Vin is negative (e.g., −2V) and the diodes are
assumed to be ideal (no drop), Vout (assuming the polarity shown) is equal
to
1. A)
−Vin(e.g., 2 V)
2. B) 0
3. C)
Vin(e.g., −2 V)
4. D)
Vin/2 (e.g., −1 V)
5. E)
−Vin/2 (e.g., 1 V)
Answer: C
28) If Vin is 5 V and the diodes are assumed to be ideal (no
drop), the voltage across the top diode is
1. A) 0
2. B)
2.5 V
3. C) 5
V
4. D) 10
V
5. E)
infinite
Answer: A
29) If Vin is 5 V and the diodes are assumed to be ideal
(no drop), the voltage across the bottom diode is
1. A) 0
2. B)
2.5 V
3. C) 5
V
4. D) 10
V
5. E)
infinite
Answer: B
30) When Vin is zero and the diodes are assumed to be real
(0.7 V drop when forward biased), Vout is equal to
1. A)
−0.7
2. B) 0
3. C)
0.7
4. D)
1.4
5. E)
−1.4
Answer: B
31) If Vin is a sine wave and the diodes are assumed to be
ideal (no drop), which of the following describes the output Vout?
1. A)
half-rectified sine wave (bottom half chopped off at 0V)
2. B)
full-rectified sine wave (bottom half inverted)
3. C) a
full sine wave with the top halves having the same amplitude as the bottom
halves
4. D) a full
sine wave with the top halves having different amplitude from the bottom halves
Answer: D
32) What happens to the current through the motor coil in the
diagram below when the switch is first opened?
1. A) it
is zero to begin with (with the switch in the closed position) and it remains
at zero (when the switch is opened).
2. B)
the current stops immediately (as soon as the switch is opened).
3. C)
the current continues to flow in the same direction, increasing immediately
after the switch is opened, and then decreasing until it diminishes to zero.
4. D)
the current reverses direction and starts to decrease immediately until it
diminishes to zero.
5. E)
the current continues to flow in the same direction and starts to decrease
immediately until it diminishes to zero.
Answer: E
33) Which circuit below has the diode in the proper place to
provide flyback protection for switching the inductive load on and off?
A)
B)
C)
D)
1. E)
None of the circuits above is properly set up for flyback protection.
Answer: D
34) When an npn bipolar transistor is in saturation, the voltage
across the BE junction is approximately
1. A) 0
V
2. B)
0.2 V
3. C)
0.7 V
4. D)
0.9 V
5. E)
1.4 V
Answer: C
35) If the voltage at the emitter of an npn bipolar transistor
is 5 V and the transistor is in saturation, the voltage at the collector is
approximately
5. A)
5.0 V
6. B)
5.2 V
7. C)
5.7 V
8. D)
4.8 V
9. E)
4.3 V
Answer: B
36) If the voltage at the base of an npn bipolar transistor is 5
V and the transistor is in saturation, the voltage at the emitter is
approximately
5. A)
5.0 V
6. B)
5.2 V
7. C)
5.7 V
8. D)
4.8 V
9. E)
4.3 V
Answer: E
37) Which of the following current relationships is true for an
npn BJT transistor?
1. A)
IB= IC+ IE
2. B)
IB= −IC− IE
3. C)
IB= −IC+ IE
4. D)
IB= IC− IE
5. E)
IB= IE
Answer: C
The subsequent problems deal with the circuit below. Assume that
when the transistor is in saturation, the collector-to-emitter drop is 0.2 V
and the base-to-emitter forward bias voltage is 0.7 V.
38) When Vin = 0V, Vout =
1. A) 0
V
2. B)
0.2 V
3. C)
0.9 V
4. D)
4.8 V
5. E) 5
V
Answer: E
39) When Vin = 5V, Vout =
1. A) 0
V
2. B)
0.2 V
3. C)
0.9 V
4. D)
4.8 V
5. E) 5
V
Answer: B
40) When Vin = 0V, the voltage at the base of the
transistor is
1. A) 0
V
2. B)
0.2 V
3. C)
0.7 V
4. D)
4.3 V
5. E) 5
V
Answer: A
41) When Vin = 5V, the voltage at the base of the
transistor is
1. A) 0
V
2. B)
0.2 V
3. C)
0.7 V
4. D)
4.3 V
5. E) 5
V
Answer: C
The subsequent problems deal with the circuit below. Assume that
when the transistor is in saturation, the collector-to-emitter drop is 0.2 V
and the base-to-emitter forward bias voltage is 0.7 V. Assume that the forward
bias voltage for the LED is 2 V.
42) If Vin=5V, what is the voltage at the base of the
transistor?
1. A) 0
V
2. B)
0.2 V
3. C)
0.7 V
4. D)
2.2 V
5. E) 5 V
Answer: C
43) If Vin=0V, what is the voltage at the base of the
transistor?
1. A) 0
V
2. B)
0.2 V
3. C)
0.7 V
4. D)
4.3 V
5. E) 5
V
Answer: A
44) If Vin=5V, what is the voltage at the collector of the
transistor?
1. A) 0
V
2. B)
0.2 V
3. C)
0.7 V
4. D)
2.2 V
5. E) 5
V
Answer: B
45) If Vin=5V, what is the voltage at point “A”?
1. A) 0
V
2. B)
0.2 V
3. C)
0.9 V
4. D)
2.2 V
5. E) 5
V
Answer: D
46) If Vin=0V, what is the voltage at point “A”?
1. A) 0
V
2. B)
0.2 V
3. C)
0.9 V
4. D)
2.2 V
5. E) 5
V
Answer: E
The subsequent problems deal with the circuit below where
R1 = R2 = R.
47) When the transistor is in saturation I2 is
1. A) 0
2. B)
Iin
3. C)
Iout
4. D)
Iin+ Iout
5. E)
Iin− Iout
Answer: D
48) When the transistor is in cutoff I2 is
1. A) 0
2. B)
Iin(nonzero)
3. C)
Iout(nonzero)
4. D)
Iin+ Iout(nonzero)
5. E)
Iin− Iout(nonzero)
Answer: A
49) When the transistor is in saturation the voltage at the base
of the transistor (relative to ground) is
1. A) 0
V
2. B)
0.7 V
3. C)
I2R2
4. D)
I2R2+ 0.7 V
5. E)
I2R2− 0.7 V
Answer: D
50) When the transistor is in cutoff the voltage at the
collector of the transistor (relative to ground) is
1. A) 0
V
2. B)
0.2 V
3. C)
0.7 V
4. D)
Vin
5. E)
Vout
Answer: E
51) When the transistor is in cutoff the voltage at the emitter
of the transistor (relative to ground) is
1. A) 0
V
2. B)
0.2 V
3. C)
0.7 V
4. D)
Vin
5. E)
Vout
Answer: A
52) When the transistor is in saturation, I2 is
1. A)
Vin/ R
2. B)
(Vin− 0.7 V) / R
3. C)
(Vin+ 0.7 V) / R
4. D)
(Vout− 0.2 V) / R
5. E)
(Vout+ 0.2 V) / R
Answer: B
53) When the transistor is in saturation, and assuming
Iin is negligible compared to Iout, Iout (in terms of Vout only)
is
1. A)
Vout/ R
2. B)
(Vout− 0.2 V) / R
3. C)
(Vout+ 0.2 V) / R
4. D)
(Vout− 0.2 V) / 2R
5. E)
(Vout+ 0.2 V) / 2R
Answer: D
Introduction to Mechatronics and Measurement Systems, 5e(Alciatore)
Chapter 5 Analog Signal Processing Using Operational
Amplifiers
1) The current into the inverting input terminal of an ideal op
amp is always
1. A)
zero
2. B)
nonzero and the negative of the current into the noninverting input terminal
3. C)
the same as the output current
4. D)
positive
5. E)
negative
Answer: A
2) The voltage at the inverting input terminal of an ideal op
amp with negative feedback is always
1. A)
zero
2. B)
the negative of the voltage at the noninverting input terminal
3. C)
the same as the voltage at the noninverting input terminal
4. D)
the same as the output voltage
5. E)
negative
Answer: C
3) The closed-loop gain of an inverting amplifier circuit is
1. A)
positive
2. B)
negative
3. C)
zero
4. D)
always infinite, assuming an ideal op amp
Answer: B
4) The closed-loop gain of an noninverting amplifier circuit is
1. A)
positive
2. B)
negative
3. C)
zero
4. D)
always infinite, assuming an ideal op amp
Answer: A
5) Because an op amp is an “active device,” it
1. A)
requires an external power supply
2. B) doesn’t
require an external power supply
3. C)
requires an edge-triggered signal to activate the output
4. D)
responds only to inputs that provide large currents
Answer: A
6) If a shunt resistor is placed in parallel with the feedback
capacitor of an ideal integrator circuit, the resulting circuit works well
(integrates properly) only when the input frequency components are:
1. A)
very low
2. B)
mid range
3. C)
low and high, but not mid range
4. D)
low and mid range, but not very high
5. E)
very high
Answer: B
7) When you increase the gain magnitude of a 741 op amp circuit
(e.g., a noninverting amplifier), the bandwidth of the circuit
1. A)
increases
2. B)
decreases
3. C)
remains unchanged
4. D)
becomes negative
5. E)
becomes infinite
Answer: B
8) When you decrease the gain magnitude of a 741 op amp circuit
(e.g., a noninverting amplifier), the bandwidth of the circuit
1. A)
increases
2. B)
decreases
3. C)
remains unchanged
4. D)
becomes negative
5. E)
becomes infinite
Answer: A
9) An op amp follower circuit is useful because
1. A)
the output is fixed (i.e., doesn’t change) even when the input changes
2. B)
the output voltage is equal to the input voltage and the input current is
almost zero
3. C)
the output voltage is equal to the input voltage and the input current is very
large
4. D)
the output voltage is the negative of the input voltage and the input current
is almost zero
5. E)
the output voltage is the negative of the input voltage and the input current
is very large
Answer: B
10) What is the approximate maximum output voltage swing for a
741 op amp powered by a ±15 V supply?
1. A) 0
to 15 V
2. B) 0
to 13.6 V
3. C)
−15 to 15 V
4. D)
−13.6 to 13.6 V
5. E)
−13.6 to 15 V
Answer: D
The subsequent problems deal with the improved integrator
circuit shown below, where: R1 = R2 = Rs = R.
11) The voltage at the inverting input of the op amp is always
1. A) 0
V
2. B)
Vin/ 2
3. C)
2Vin
4. D)
Vin− Vout
5. E)
Vout
Answer: A
12) What is the current through R2?
1. A) 0
2. B)
Vin/ R
3. C)
Vin/ 2R
4. D) R
/ Vin
5. E) 2R
/ Vin
Answer: A
13) If Vin = 5V dc, what is the steady state voltage at
Vout?
1. A) 0
V
2. B) −5
V
3. C) 5
V
4. D)
−2.5 V
5. E)
2.5 V
Answer: B
14) If Vin is a 5Vpp sine wave of extremely high
frequency, what is Vout?
1. A) 0
V
2. B) a
sine wave of the same frequency and phase as Vin
3. C) a
sine wave of the same frequency but out of phase with Vin
4. D)
−2.5 V
5. E)
2.5 V
Answer: A
The subsequent problems deal with the circuit below:
NOTE: Assume the op amp is ideal.
15) If Vin = 5 V, what is V1?
1. A) 5
V
2. B)
2.5 V
3. C) 0
V
4. D)
−2.5 V
5. E) −5
V
Answer: A
16) If Vin = 5 V, what is I1?
1. A) 0
2. B)
2.5 mA
3. C) 5
mA
4. D)
−2.5 mA
5. E) −5
mA
Answer: A
17) If Vin = 5 V, what is Vout?
1. A) 5
V
2. B)
2.5 V
3. C) 0
V
4. D)
−2.5 V
5. E) −5
V
Answer: A
18) If Vout = 2.5 V, what is V2?
1. A) 5
V
2. B)
2.5 V
3. C) 0
V
4. D)
−2.5 V
5. E) −5
V
Answer: B
19) If V2 = −2 V, what is I2?
1. A) −2
mA
2. B) −1
mA
3. C) 0
mA
4. D) 1
mA
5. E) 2
mA
Answer: E
20) If V2 = −2 V, what is I3?
1. A) 2
mA
2. B)
2.5 mA
3. C) 3
mA
4. D) 5
mA
5. E) 7
mA
Answer: E
21) What is Vd, given the polarity shown?
1. A)
−10 V
2. B) −5
V
3. C) 0
V
4. D) 5
V
5. E) 10
V
Answer: B
22) What is I4?
1. A)
−10 mA
2. B) −5
mA
3. C) 0
mA
4. D) 5
mA
5. E) 10
mA
Answer: C
23) If V2 = 2 V, what is I5?
1. A) −2
mA
2. B) −1
mA
3. C) 0
mA
4. D) 1
mA
5. E) 2
mA
Answer: E
The subsequent problems deal with the circuit below where the op
amps are LM741’s powered by a ±15 V power supply. Assume R1 = R2 =
R3 = R4 = R. Assume
the op amps are ideal.
24) If Vi = 1 V, V1 would be
1. A) 0
V
2. B) 1
V
3. C) 2
V
4. D) −2
V
5. E)
−13.6 V
Answer: B
25) If Vi = 20 V, V1 (for the “real” LM741) would be
approximately
1. A) 0
V
2. B) 5
V
3. C) 10
V
4. D)
13.6 V
5. E) 20
V
Answer: D
26) If V1 = 1 V, the voltage at the inverting input
terminal of op amp 2 is
1. A) 0
V
2. B) 1
V
3. C) 2
V
4. D) 15
V
5. E)
−15 V
Answer: B
27) If V1 = 1 V, V2 is
1. A) 0
V
2. B) 1
V
3. C) 2
V
4. D) −2
V
5. E) −1
V
Answer: C
28) If V2 = 10 V, I4 is
1. A) 0
2. B) 10
/ R
3. C) 10
R
4. D) 10
/ 2R
5. E) 10
/ 3R
Answer: B
29) If V2 = 2 V, the current output by op amp 2 is
1. A) 0
2. B) 1
/ R
3. C) 2
/ R
4. D) 3
/ R
5. E) 2
/ 3R
Answer: D
30) The circuit below is not a voltage follower and Vo≠
Vi because
1. A)
there is negative feedback.
2. B)
there is positive feedback
3. C)
there is no feedback resistor
4. D)
the inverting input is not grounded
5. E)
the noninverting input is not grounded
Answer: B
31) When applying the principle of superposition to an op amp
circuit with two inputs V1 and V2, and one output Vo, Vo can be found
by adding the outputs due to each voltage individually. In finding the
contribution of V1 to Vo, V2 is replaced by
1. A) a
short circuit
2. B) an
open circuit
3. C) a
current source and Thevenin resistance
4. D) 1
V
5. E) −1
V
Answer: A
The subsequent problems deal with the circuit below, where the
op amp is an LM741 with an output short circuit current of 25 mA, and a maximum
output voltage swing of +/− 13.6 V. NOTE:
do not assume the op amp is “ideal.”
The open-loop frequency response curve for the op amp, as
provided by the manufacturer is:
32) If Vin=5V, and R=1kΩ, what would you expect for
Vout for the real (not ideal) op amp?
2. A)
−2.5 V
3. B)
2.5 V
4. C)
−10 V
5. D) 10
V
6. E)
13.6 V
Answer: C
33) If Vin=10V, and R=1kΩ, what would you expect for
Vout for the real (not ideal) op amp?
1. A) 5
V
2. B)
−20 V
3. C) 20
V
4. D)
−13.6 V
5. E)
13.6 V
Answer: D
34) If Vin=5V, and R=1kΩ, what is the magnitude of the current
the op amp is sourcing or sinking at the output?
1. A) 0
mA
2. B)
2.5 mA
3. C) 5
mA
4. D) 10
mA
5. E) 20
mAV
Answer: C
35) If Vin=5V, and R=1kΩ, which direction is current flowing
into or out of the op amp output pin?
1. A) 0
(not in or out)
2. B) in
(current is being “sunk”)
3. C)
out (current is being “sourced”)
Answer: B
36) If Vin = 2 sin(2πft) V, and R=1kΩ, which of the below
frequencies is the highest input frequency (f) that will result in the expected
amplified output voltage amplitude (without attenuation)?
1. A)
100 Hz
2. B)
1,000 Hz
3. C)
10,000 Hz
4. D)
100,000 Hz
5. E)
1,000,000 Hz
Answer: D
37) If Vin=5V, What is the smallest R can be and still have the
op amp circuit work properly (i.e., the output voltage will be as expected)?
1. A)
100 Ω
2. B)
200 Ω
3. C)
500 Ω
4. D) 1
kΩ
5. E) 2
kΩ
Answer: B
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