Introduction To Mass Communication Media Literacy And Culture 9th Edition by Stanley J. Baran – Test Bank
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Sample
Questions
Chapter 4: Newspapers
Test Questions
Multiple-Choice Questions
1. Among
the earliest “newspapers” were the daily reports of the actions of the Roman
Senate, called
2.
3. Acta
Diurna.
4.
5.
Answer: b
Bloom’s level: Remember
2. Seventeenth-century
one-page news sheets about events on the European continent, which were printed
in English in Holland and imported into England by booksellers, were called
3.
4. Acta
Diurna.
5.
6.
Answer: c
Bloom’s level: Remember
3. Englishmen
Nathaniel Butter, Thomas Archer, and Nicholas Bourne published the first true
forerunners of our daily newspaper in the 1640s, using the same title for
consecutive editions. They called their news sheets
4.
5. Acta
Diurna.
6.
7.
Answer: d
Bloom’s level: Remember
4. Single-sheet
announcements or accounts of events imported from England and posted on walls
in the American colonies were called
5.
6. Acta
Diurna.
7.
8.
Answer: a
Bloom’s level: Remember
5. The
first newspaper printed in the colonies lasted only one day. Its publisher,
Benjamin Harris, called it
6. Publick
Occurrences Both Foreign and Domestick.
7. Boston
News-letter.
8. New-England
Courant.
9. Pennsylvania
Gazette.
Answer: a
Bloom’s level: Remember
6. In
1734, New York Weekly
Journal publisher _____________ was jailed for publishing
“scandalous libels” about the governor of Massachusetts. Nonetheless, it
established the fact that a popular paper could challenge authority.
7. Peter
Zenger
8. Benjamin
Franklin
9. James
Franklin
10. John
Campbell
Answer: a
Bloom’s level: Remember
7. Benjamin
Franklin demonstrated that financial independence, based on advertising sales
and other nonofficial economic support, could lead to editorial independence
for his newspaper, the
8. Publick
Occurrences Both Foreign and Domestick.
9. Boston
News-letter.
10. New-England
Courant.
11. Pennsylvania
Gazette.
Answer: d
Bloom’s level: Remember
8. The
first 10 amendments to the U.S. Constitution are called the
9. Emancipation
Proclamation.
10. Magna
Carta.
11. Freedom
of Speech and Press.
12. Bill
of Rights.
Answer: d
Bloom’s level: Remember
9. The
1798 _____________ made illegal the writing, publishing, or printing of “any
false scandalous and malicious writing” about the president, Congress, or the
federal government.
10. Stamp
Act
11. Bill
of Rights
12. Alien
and Sedition Acts
13. First
Amendment
Answer: c
Bloom’s level: Remember
10. With
the turn of the nineteenth century, urbanization, growing industries, the
movement of workers to the cities, and increasing literacy combined to create
an audience for a new kind of paper, one in which the price per copy was very
low but on which publishers could make a profit by selling advertising. These
papers were known as
11. yellow
journalism.
12. the
penny press.
13. pulp
papers.
14.
Answer: b
Bloom’s level: Remember
11. The
first penny paper was the _____________, first published by Benjamin Day in
1833.
12. New
York Morning Herald
13. New
York Tribune
14. New
York Sun
15. Chicago
Tribune
Answer: c
Bloom’s level: Remember
12. One
penny paper, Horace Greeley’s _____________, established the mass newspaper as
a powerful medium of social action through its use of non-sensationalistic,
issues-oriented, and humanitarian reporting.
13. New
York Morning Herald
14. New
York Tribune
15. New
York Sun
16. Chicago
Tribune
Answer: b
Bloom’s level: Remember
13. The
first African-American newspaper was _____________, published initially in 1827
by John B. Russwurum and the Reverend Samuel Cornish.
14. the North Star
15. the Chicago Tribune
16. The Ram’s
Horn
17. Freedom’s
Journal
Answer: d
Bloom’s level: Remember
14. Frederick
Douglass’s _____________, founded in 1847 with the masthead slogan “Right is of
no Sex—Truth is of no Color—God is the Father of us all, and we are all
Brethren,” was the most influential African-American newspaper before the Civil
War.
15. the North Star
16. the Chicago Tribune
17. The
Ram’s Horn
18. Freedom’s
Journal
Answer: a
Bloom’s level: Remember
15. In
1849, six large New York papers, including the Sun, Herald, and Tribune, decided to pool
efforts and share expenses in collecting news from foreign ships docking at the
city’s harbor. In doing so they established the first
16. penny
press.
17. yellow
tabloid.
18. wire
service.
19.
Answer: c
Bloom’s level: Remember
16. In
1883, Hungarian immigrant Joseph Pulitzer bought the troubled New York World. His
readership was “the common man,” and he succeeded in reaching readers with
light, sensationalistic news coverage, extensive use of illustrations, and
circulation-building stunts and promotions. This brand of journalism became
known as
17. the
penny press.
18. yellow
journalism.
19. wire
reporting.
20. syndication
publishing.
Answer: b
Bloom’s level: Remember
17. Radical
change in an industry brought about by the introduction of a new technology or
product is known as
18. agenda
setting.
19. disruptive
transition.
20. crowdfunded
journalism.
21. alternative
press.
Answer: b
Bloom’s level: Remember
18. In
response to radio and magazines’ challenge for advertising dollars, newspapers
began consolidating into groups, known as _____________. Hearst and Scripps
were among the most powerful, owning papers in different cities across the
country.
19. syndicated
20. chains
21. combines
22. conglomerates
Answer: b
Bloom’s level: Remember
19. Advertisign
rates for online newspapers are determined by how many times the online ad is
seen, or its
20. click
bait.
21.
22. pass-along
readership.
23.
Answer: b
Bloom’s level: Remember
20. When
newspaper circulation figures include readers who did not originally buy the
papers they read, they are said to include _____________ readership.
21. pass-along
22. cumulative
23. cume
24. progressive
Answer: a
Bloom’s level: Remember
21. The
oldest national daily newspaper in the United States is
22. the New York Times.
23. the Wall Street Journal.
24. USA
Today.
25. the Christian Science Monitor.
Answer: b
Bloom’s level: Remember
22. The
newest national daily newspaper in the United States, founded in 1982, is
23. the New York Times.
24. the Wall Street Journal.
25. USA
Today.
26. the Christian Science Monitor.
Answer: c
Bloom’s level: Remember
23. Approximately
what percentage of a daily newspaper’s space is given to advertising?
24. 25%
25. 45%
26. 65%
27. 75%
Answer: c
Bloom’s level: Remember
24. The
feature services, or _____________, do not gather and distribute news. Instead,
they operate as clearinghouses for the work of columnists, essayists,
cartoonists, and other creative individuals.
25. wire
services
26. syndicates
27. chains
28. joint
operating agreements
Answer: b
Bloom’s level: Remember
25. _____________
permit a failing paper to merge most aspects of its business with a successful
local competitor, as long as their editorial and reporting operations remain
separate.
26. Wire
services
27. Syndicates
28. Chains
29. Joint
operating agreements
Answer: d
Bloom’s level: Remember
26. Because
so many newspapers now have online versions of their publications, many
observers feel that “circulation” is an insufficient measure of a paper’s true
readership. They propose a new metric that combines paper and unique online
readers called
27. cumulative
eyes.
28. total
readership.
29. integrated
audience reach.
30. market
saturation.
Answer: c
Bloom’s level: Remember
27. Newspapers
have traditionally kept their advertising and editorial functions separate.
This is often referred to as the
28.
29.
30. guardian
of trust.
31.
Answer: a
Bloom’s level: Remember
28. _______
is a newspapers’ ability to influence not only what we think, but what we think
about.
29. Liberal
bias
30. Agenda
setting
31. Conservative
bias
32. News
diffusion
Answer: b
Blooms’ level: Remember
29. Because
so many newspapers are available online, the amount of ___________, or poorly
written, sensational stories designed to attract more readers and increase
advertising revenue, is on the rise.
30. impressions
31. crowdfunded
journalism
32. click
bait
33. hard
news
Answer: c
Bloom’s level: Remember
30. The
press’ guarantee of freedom, as well as all people’s right to free speech, is
set out in which amendment to the U.S. Constitution?
31. First
32. Fourth
33. Fifth
34. Fourteenth
Answer: a
Bloom’s level: Remember
31. The
first successful (lasting more than a few days) colonial newspaper was John
Campbell’s 1704 Boston
News-Letter. One reason it succeeded where others had failed was
that
32. its
revolutionary rhetoric attracted many colonial readers.
33. it
received subsidies from the government loyal to the Crown.
34. its
writing was lively and engaging.
35. its
use of pictures and other graphics made it accessible to those who could not
read.
Answer: b
Bloom’s level: Remember
32. The
nationally distributed newspaper most responsible for encouraging the migration
of southern black people to the industrial centers of the North just after the
turn of the twentieth century was
33. Freedom’s
Journal.
34. the North Star.
35. the Chicago Tribune.
36. the Chicago Defender.
Answer: d
Bloom’s level: Remember
33. Overall,
levels of newspaper circulation have _____________ for many years, and the
amount of time people spend reading the print newspaper has _____________.
34. declined;
fallen
35. declined;
remained steady
36. declined;
increased
37. increased;
fallen
Answer: a
Bloom’s level: Remember
34. Seven
out of 10 Americans under the age of 45 access newspaper content online. This
is made possible by
35. a
decrease in availability of newspapers.
36. an
increased leisure time.
37. an
increase in development of technology such as e-readers and smartphones.
38. a
decrease in leisure time.
Answer: c
Bloom’s level: Understand
35. According
to former Google CEO Eric Schmidt, newspapers have a __________ problem, rather
than a demand problem.
36. audience
37. advertising
38. business-model
39. content
Answer: c
Bloom’s level: Remember
36. Long
Island’s Newsday is
the twelfth-largest paper in the country with a print circulation of over
265,000. It is classified as a _____________ newspaper.
37. national
daily newspaper
38. large
metropolitan daily
39. zoned
edition
40. suburban
daily
Answer: d
Bloom’s level: Remember
37. Today’s
U.S. alternative press has grown out of
38. the
underground press of the 1960s.
39. the
post–World War II ethnic newspaper movement.
40. a
desire by sophisticated readers for more political reporting.
41. a
reaction to the conservatism of the 1980s.
Answer: a
Bloom’s level: Remember
38. Beyond
high circulation numbers, newspapers are popular with advertisers for three
primary reasons: their reach to 70% of Americans, the good demographics of
readers, and the fact that many newspapers
39. are
the least expensive medium in which to advertise.
40. have
exceedingly loyal readers.
41. are
local, so advertisements can reach specific groups of readers..
42. give
them cost breaks.
Answer: c
Bloom’s level: Remember
39. The
practice of newspapers making some or all of their online content available
only to paying subscribers is known as a
40.
41.
42. zoned
edition.
43. penny
press.
Answer: a
Bloom’s level: Remember
40. Newspaper
horoscopes, chess and bridge columns, editorial cartoons, and comics are all
material provided by
41. wire
services.
42.
43.
44. joint
operating agreements.
Answer: c
Bloom’s level: Remember
41. How
many chains received more than half of all newspaper industry revenue?
42. 5
43. 10
44. 2
45. 7
Answer: a
Bloom’s level: Remember
42. Sensational
stories that do not serve the democratic function of journalism are known as
43. hard
news.
44. soft
news.
45. broad
sheets.
46. wire
services.
Answer: b
Bloom’s level: Remember
43. Stores
that help citizens make important decisions and keep up with important issues
are known as
44. hard
news.
45. soft
news.
46. broad
sheets.
47. wire
services.
Answer: a
Bloom’s level: Remember
44. The
success of smaller, more local newspapers can be credited to
45. lower
cost.
46. coverage
of unique material not found easily elsewhere.
47. less
advertising.
48. better
journalism.
Answer: b
Bloom’s level: Understand
True/False Question
45. Despite
the fact that he was acquitted, Peter Zenger was guilty of seditious libel as
the law existed at the time.
Answer: T
Bloom’s level: Remember
46. Tablet,
smartphone, and e-reader owners who use their devices to read the news spend
more time reading than they would on conventional computers.
Answer: T
Bloom’s level: Remember
47. Since
the newspaper has converged with the Internet, the industry has discovered
effective ways to charge for content and measure readership.
Answer: F
Bloom’s level: Remember
48. The
first 10 amendments to the U.S. Constitution are known as the First Freedoms.
Answer: F
Bloom’s level: Remember
49. The
penny press succeeded by appealing to better-off, fairly well-educated readers
attractive to advertisers.
Answer: F
Bloom’s level: Understand
50. The
ethnic press—for example, African-American, Latino, and Native-American
newspapers—is a very recent development.
Answer: F
Bloom’s level: Remember
51. Yellow
journalism is thought to have acquired its name from a popular cartoon
character of the time.
Answer: T
Bloom’s level: Remember
52. The
oldest national daily newspaper is the Wall
Street Journal.
Answer: T
Bloom’s level: Remember
53. The
placement of stories has influence on what readers come to see as important
news.
Answer: T
Bloom’s level: Understand
54. Primary
among the reasons advertisers like newspapers as an advertising medium is their
local nature.
Answer: T
Bloom’s level: Remember
55. Newspaper
chains are not a new development. They have existed since the 1800s.
Answer: T
Bloom’s level: Remember
56. The
most important story in a newspaper, as indicated by its placement, is located
on the front page, toward the left, and above the fold.
Answer: T
Bloom’s level: Remember
Short-Answer Questions
57. What
were corantos, diurnals, and broadsides?
Answer: Answers may vary
Bloom’s level: Remember
58. What
was the political importance of the Zenger acquittal?
Answer: Answers will vary
Bloom’s level: Understand
59. What
was the relationship between the First Amendment and the Alien and Sedition
Acts?
Answer: Answers will vary
Bloom’s level: Analyze
60. What
factors led to the development of the penny press and yellow journalism?
Answer: Answers will vary
Bloom’s level: Understand
61. What
is a wire service? A syndicate?
Answer: Answers will vary
Bloom’s level: Remember
62. Describe
what is generally happening to print newspaper subscribership in the United
States today.
Answer: Answers will vary
Bloom’s level: Understand
63. What
two factors make the newspaper a particularly attractive medium to potential
advertisers?
Answer: Answers will vary
Bloom’s level: Remember
64. How
have joint operating agreements affected competition in the newspaper industry?
Answer: Answers will vary
Bloom’s level: Understand
65. What
are some ways in which technology has changed the newspaper industry?
Answer: Answers will vary
Bloom’s level: Understand
Essay Questions
66. What
are some ways that critics believe concentration is damaging the newspaper as
an important medium? Describe each and explain how it might damage the paper’s
traditional democratic function.
Answer: Answers will vary
Bloom’s level: Evaluate
67. List
and discuss several ways in which technology is changing the newspaper industry
and the newspaper as a medium. Which of these alterations do you see as
beneficial, and which do you see as harmful to the future of the medium and its
role in the culture? Explain.
Answer: Answers will vary
Bloom’s level: Evaluate
68. Describe
the current state of newspaper readership. How will this affect the future of
the newspaper as an advertising medium, as a business, and as a cultural force?
Answer: Answers will vary
Bloom’s level: Evaluate
69. Explain
the “softening of the news” as it pertains to a media literacy issue. In your
opinion, what role do newspapers play in our democratic process? How much
influence do newspapers have on how we view the world? In its current state, is
the industry giving us what we want? What we need?
Answer: Answers will vary
Bloom’s level: Evaluate
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