Introduction to Criminal Justice Reinforced Binding Edition Robert Bohm 9th Edition- Test Bank
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Sample Test
Chapter 03
Test Bank
1. Which
of the following is a product of the Enlightenment period, or the Age of
Reason, a period of history that began in the early 1500s and lasted until the
late 1700s?
2. A. classical
theory
3. critical
theory
4. positivist
theory
5. neoclassical
theory
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Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge
Level: Basic
Topic: Classical and Neoclassical Approaches to Explaining Crime
2. Several
modifications of classical theory are collectively referred to as
3. conflict
theory.
4. radical
theory.
5. positivist
theory.
6. D. neoclassical
theory.
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Level: Basic
Topic: Classical and Neoclassical Approaches to Explaining Crime
3. Which
of the following best captures classical criminologists’ concept of “utility”?
4. “Winning
isn’t everything; it is the only thing.”
5. B. “the
greatest happiness shared by the greatest number”
6. “Do
unto others as you would have them do unto you.”
7. “All’s
fair in love and war.”
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Bloom’s Taxonomy: Comprehension
Level: Moderate
Topic: Classical and Neoclassical Approaches to Explaining Crime
4. Which
of the following theories assumes that crime is committed by free-willed
individuals who are motivated by a hedonistic rationality?
5. humanistic
psychological theory
6. Chicago
School theory
7. anomie
theory
8. D. classical
theory
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Level: Basic
Topic: Classical and Neoclassical Approaches to Explaining Crime
5. According
to Cesare Beccaria, the basis of society, as well as the origin of punishments
and the right to punish, is
6. the
Mayflower Compact.
7. specific
deterrence.
8. general
deterrence.
9. D. the
social contract.
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Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge
Level: Basic
Topic: Classical and Neoclassical Approaches to Explaining Crime
6. Cesare
Beccaria recommended six ways to prevent crime. Which of the following does NOT
belong?
7. Educate
the public.
8. B. Determine
the physiological causes of crime.
9. Enact
laws that are clear, simple, and unbiased, and that reflect the consensus of
the population.
10.
Eliminate corruption from the administration of justice.
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Bloom’s Taxonomy: Comprehension
Level: Moderate
Topic: Classical and Neoclassical Approaches to Explaining Crime
7. Which
of the following theories was an explicit rejection of the critical and “negative”
philosophy of the Enlightenment thinkers?
8. classical
theory
9. radical
theory
10.
C. positivist
theory
11.
neoclassical theory
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Level: Basic
Topic: Positivist Approaches to Explaining Crime
8. Which
of the following is a general criticism of positivism?
9. Positivistic
theories generally account for too much crime, and, at the same time, they have
difficulty explaining exceptions.
10.
Positivistic theories generally ignore the criminalization
process.
11.
Positivistic theories generally ignore the multitude of
fundamental conflicts of value and interest in society.
12.
D. All
the answers are correct.
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Bloom’s Taxonomy: Analysis
Level: Moderate
Topic: Positivist Approaches to Explaining Crime
9. Which
of the following scientists suggested that some people were “less highly
evolved or developed than others” and that some people “were nearer their
apelike ancestors than others in traits, abilities, and dispositions”?
10.
A. Charles
Darwin
11.
Sigmund Freud
12.
Émile Durkheim
13.
Alida Merlo
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Level: Basic
Topic: Positivist Approaches to Explaining Crime
10.
Which of the following theories is based on the belief that
criminals are physiologically different from noncriminals?
11.
classical theory
12.
B. biological
positivism
13.
psychological positivism
14.
sociological positivism
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Level: Basic
Topic: Positivist Approaches to Explaining Crime
11.
Who argued that criminals are, by birth, a distinct type, and
that this type can be recognized by physical characteristics or stigmata such
as enormous jaws, high cheekbones, insensitivity to pain, etc.?
12.
Cesare Beccaria
13.
Johann Caspar Lavater
14.
C. Cesare
Lombroso
15.
William Sheldon
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Level: Basic
Topic: Positivist Approaches to Explaining Crime
12.
What did Cesare Lombroso call a person predisposed to crime?
13.
a stigmata
14.
B. an
atavist
15.
a criminaloid
16.
a psychopath
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Level: Basic
Topic: Positivist Approaches to Explaining Crime
13.
Which of the following theorists is associated with body-type
theory?
14.
A. William
Sheldon
15.
Cesare Lombroso
16.
Johan Caspar Lavater
17.
Joseph Gall
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Level: Basic
Topic: Positivist Approaches to Explaining Crime
14.
According to body-type theory, an athletically built individual
would be classified under the ________ body type.
15.
A. mesomorphic
16.
heteromorphic
17.
endomorphic
18.
ectomorphic
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Level: Basic
Topic: Positivist Approaches to Explaining Crime
15.
Which of the following is NOT one of the four types of methods
used in heredity studies?
16.
A. somatotype
studies
17.
family tree studies
18.
twin studies
19.
statistical comparisons
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Bloom’s Taxonomy: Synthesis
Level: Difficult
Topic: Positivist Approaches to Explaining Crime
16.
Low levels of the brain neurotransmitter ________ have been
found in impulsive murderers and arsonists.
17.
dopamine
18.
norepinephrine
19.
testosterone
20.
D. serotonin
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Level: Basic
Topic: Positivist Approaches to Explaining Crime
17.
With whom are psychoanalytic theories of crime causation
associated?
18.
A. Sigmund
Freud
19.
Cesare Lombroso
20.
William Sheldon
21.
H. H. Goddard
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Level: Basic
Topic: Positivist Approaches to Explaining Crime
18.
Which of the following is NOT a problem with psychotherapy?
19.
It rests on faith; much of its theoretical structure is
scientifically untestable.
20.
The emphasis in psychotherapy as an approach to rehabilitation
is on the individual offender and not on the individual offender in interaction
with the environment in which the criminal behavior occurs.
21.
The behaviors that are treated in psychotherapy are not
criminal; they are deep-seated problems.
22.
D. Psychotherapy
fails to make use of a variety of projective tests, dream interpretation, and
free association.
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Level: Difficult
Topic: Positivist Approaches to Explaining Crime
19.
From whose theory can it be inferred that crime may be a means
by which individuals satisfy their basic human needs?
20.
Sigmund Freud
21.
Alfred Adler
22.
C. Abraham
Maslow
23.
Seymour Halleck
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Level: Basic
Topic: Positivist Approaches to Explaining Crime
20.
Which of the following theorists maintains that criminal
behavior sometimes is chosen as an adaptation over other possible alternatives
because it offers gratifications or psychological advantages that could not be
achieved otherwise?
21.
Sigmund Freud
22.
Alfred Adler
23.
Abraham Maslow
24.
D. Seymour
L. Halleck
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Level: Basic
Topic: Positivist Approaches to Explaining Crime
21.
There are at least three crime policy implications of Seymour
Halleck’s humanistic psychological theory. Which of the following is NOT one of
the three policy implications listed in your textbook?
22.
Sources of social oppression should be eliminated wherever
possible.
23.
Psychotherapy should be provided for subjective oppressions.
24.
C. Psychoactive
drugs should be provided as part of the psychotherapy process.
25.
Alternative legal ways of coping with oppression should be
provided.
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Bloom’s Taxonomy: Synthesis
Level: Difficult
Topic: Positivist Approaches to Explaining Crime
22.
Who among the following theorists advocated containing crime
within reasonable boundaries?
23.
A. Émile
Durkheim
24.
Abraham Maslow
25.
William Sheldon
26.
Sigmund Freud
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Level: Basic
Topic: Positivist Approaches to Explaining Crime
23.
For Émile Durkheim, the cause of crime is ________, that is, the
dissociation of the individual from the ________.
24.
A. anomie;
collective conscience
25.
sui generis;
collective conscience
26.
sociopathy; sui
generis
27.
sui generis;
anomie
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Level: Basic
Topic: Positivist Approaches to Explaining Crime
24.
In the context of anomie theory, which of the following
statements is true of ritualists?
25.
They are not willing to settle for less wealth.
26.
They do not follow legitimate institutional means.
27.
They actively pursue the cultural goal of wealth.
28.
D. They
are usually members of the lower middle class.
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Level: Moderate
Topic: Positivist Approaches to Explaining Crime
25.
The research of the Chicago School was based on a model taken
from
26.
chemistry.
27.
B.
28.
history.
29.
sociology.
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Level: Basic
Topic: Positivist Approaches to Explaining Crime
26.
For Chicago theorists, social disorganization is defined by
several characteristics. Which of the following is NOT one of the
characteristics of social disorganization?
27.
There is little encouragement, training, or opportunity for
legitimate employment.
28.
The usual controls over delinquents are largely absent.
29.
There are many opportunities for delinquent behavior.
30.
D. There
is an absence of gangs and gang-related delinquency.
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Level: Difficult
Topic: Positivist Approaches to Explaining Crime
27.
According to Robert K. Merton, ________ pursue the cultural goal
of wealth only through legitimate institutional means.
28.
rebels
29.
ritualists
30.
C. conformers
31.
innovators
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Level: Basic
Topic: Positivist Approaches to Explaining Crime
28.
According to Robert K. Merton, ________ do not actively pursue
the cultural goal of wealth (they are willing to settle for less) but follow
the legitimate institutional means anyway.
29.
rebels
30.
B. ritualists
31.
conformers
32.
innovators
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Level: Basic
Topic: Positivist Approaches to Explaining Crime
29.
According to Robert K. Merton, ________ pursue the cultural goal
of wealth through illegitimate means.
30.
rebels
31.
ritualists
32.
conformers
33.
D. innovators
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Level: Basic
Topic: Positivist Approaches to Explaining Crime
30.
According to Albert K. Cohen, what is the cause of anomie
experienced by juveniles?
31.
A. the
inability to achieve status among peers by socially acceptable means
32.
the social structure’s inability to provide legitimate
institutional means of achieving the goal of wealth
33.
the usual controls over them being largely absent
34.
their dissociation from the collective conscience
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Bloom’s Taxonomy: Analysis
Level: Difficult
Topic: Positivist Approaches to Explaining Crime
31.
Cloward and Ohlin named three types of delinquent subcultures.
Which of the following is NOT one of them?
32.
A. the
ritualist
33.
the violent
34.
the retreatist
35.
the criminal
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Level: Basic
Topic: Positivist Approaches to Explaining Crime
32.
Edwin H. Sutherland’s ________ states that persons who become
criminal do so because of contacts with criminal definitions and isolation from
noncriminal definitions.
33.
A. differential
association theory
34.
anomie (or strain) theory
35.
learning theory
36.
social control theory
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Level: Basic
Topic: Positivist Approaches to Explaining Crime
33.
Edwin H. Sutherland’s theory that a person who becomes a
criminal does so because of his or her contact with criminal definitions and
isolation from anticriminal definitions is known as
34.
collective conscience.
35.
social disorganization.
36.
C. differential
social organization.
37.
differential association.
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Level: Basic
Topic: Positivist Approaches to Explaining Crime
34.
Which of the following theorists modified Edwin H. Sutherland’s
theory by introducing role theory and arguing that criminal behavior could be
learned by identifying with criminal roles and not just by associating with
criminals?
35.
C. Ray Jeffery
36.
B. Daniel
Glaser
37.
B. F. Skinner
38.
H. H. Goddard
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Level: Basic
Topic: Positivist Approaches to Explaining Crime
35.
What do learning theorists call the presentation of a stimulus
that increases or maintains a response?
36.
A. positive
reinforcement
37.
negative reinforcement
38.
extinction
39.
punishment
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Level: Basic
Topic: Positivist Approaches to Explaining Crime
36.
Your textbook states four general ways in which punishment can
be administered effectively according to learning theory. Which of the
following is NOT one of them?
37.
Punishment must be combined with the positive reinforcement of alternative,
prosocial behaviors.
38.
Punishment must be applied consistently and immediately.
39.
C. Punishment
must include fines or some kind of restitution.
40.
Punishment must be combined with extinction.
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Level: Difficult
Topic: Positivist Approaches to Explaining Crime
37.
From the perspective of ________, people are expected to commit
crime and delinquency unless they are prevented from doing so.
38.
learning theory
39.
differential association theory
40.
role theory
41.
D. social
control theory
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Level: Basic
Topic: Positivist Approaches to Explaining Crime
38.
Which of the following is the commission of crime subsequent to
the first criminal act and the acceptance of a criminal label?
39.
atavism
40.
B. secondary
deviance
41.
anomie
42.
primary deviance
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Level: Basic
Topic: Positivist Approaches to Explaining Crime
39.
Which of the following is the focus of labeling theory?
40.
the ways in which criminals are different from noncriminals
41.
the competition among individuals belonging to various interest
groups
42.
C. the
way people and actions are defined as criminal
43.
the peculiarities of the criminal actor
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Bloom’s Taxonomy: Comprehension
Level: Moderate
Topic: Critical Approaches to Explaining Crime
40.
For which of the following theories is reintegrative shaming a
policy implication?
41.
A. labeling
theory
42.
radical theory
43.
British or left realism
44.
peacemaking criminology
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Level: Moderate
Topic: Critical Approaches to Explaining Crime
41.
One problem with labeling theory is that it tends to ________
the importance of the official labeling process.
42.
counteracts
43.
ignore
44.
C. overemphasize
45.
disregard
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Level: Basic
Topic: Critical Approaches to Explaining Crime
42.
Which of the following statements reflects a feature of conflict
theory?
43.
A. It
is reformist in its policy implications.
44.
It specifies the sources of power in society.
45.
It acknowledges that power in society comes primarily from the
ownership of private property.
46.
It calls for subordinate groups to give up some of their power
to dominant groups.
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Level: Moderate
Topic: Critical Approaches to Explaining Crime
43.
Radical theories of crime causation are generally based on the
ideas of
44.
A. Karl
Marx.
45.
Susan B. Anthony.
46.
Travis Hirschi.
47.
Edwin H. Sutherland.
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Topic: Critical Approaches to Explaining Crime
44.
Radical criminologists argue that ________ is an economic system
that requires people to compete against each other in the individualistic
pursuit of material wealth.
45.
communism
46.
socialism
47.
C. capitalism
48.
distributionism
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Level: Basic
Topic: Critical Approaches to Explaining Crime
45.
Which of the following has been identified by a leading exponent
of left realism, Jock Young, as a potent, though not exclusive, cause of crime?
46.
biological inferiority
47.
B. relative
deprivation
48.
absolute deprivation
49.
patriarchy
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Level: Basic
Topic: Critical Approaches to Explaining Crime
46.
Which of the following suggests that the solution to all social
problems, including crime, is the transformation of human beings, mutual
dependence, reduction of class structures, the creation of communities of
caring people, and universal social justice?
47.
British or left realism
48.
radical theory
49.
C. peacemaking
criminology
50.
feminist theory
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Level: Basic
Topic: Critical Approaches to Explaining Crime
47.
Which of the following focuses on women’s experiences and ways
of knowing because, in the past, men’s experiences have been taken as the norm
and generalized to the population?
48.
British or left realism
49.
radical theory
50.
peacemaking criminology
51.
D. feminist
theory
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Topic: Critical Approaches to Explaining Crime
48.
Men’s control over women’s labor and sexuality is known as
49.
praxis.
50.
B.
51.
acedia.
52.
atavism.
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Level: Basic
Topic: Critical Approaches to Explaining Crime
49.
Your textbook lists three general solutions to women’s
subordinate position in society for liberal feminists. Which of the following
does NOT belong?
50.
A. abolition
of patriarchy
51.
equal opportunity
52.
equal rights
53.
freedom of choice
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Level: Difficult
Topic: Critical Approaches to Explaining Crime
50.
A theory of crime attempts to explain why or how a certain thing
or things are related to criminal behavior.
TRUE
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Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge
Level: Basic
Topic: Introduction to Criminological Theory
51.
Criminological theory exclusively refers to explanations of
criminal behavior.
FALSE
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Level: Basic
Topic: Introduction to Criminological Theory
52.
Classical criminologist Cesare Beccaria favored the death
penalty as a way of achieving general deterrence.
FALSE
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Level: Basic
Topic: Classical and Neoclassical Approaches to Explaining Crime
53.
Special or specific deterrence is the use of the punishment of
specific individuals to prevent people in general or society at large from
engaging in crime.
FALSE
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Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge
Level: Basic
Topic: Classical and Neoclassical Approaches to Explaining Crime
54.
Cesare Beccaria asserted that punishing crime is not enough and
that it is also important to reward law-abiding behavior.
TRUE
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Level: Basic
Topic: Classical and Neoclassical Approaches to Explaining Crime
55.
Administering testosterone to male sex offenders has been found
to reduce their sexual drives.
FALSE
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Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge
Level: Basic
Topic: Positivist Approaches to Explaining Crime
56.
Chemical castration is legal in some states.
TRUE
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Level: Basic
Topic: Positivist Approaches to Explaining Crime
57.
According to Seymour L. Halleck, the emotional experience of
objective or subjective oppression is helplessness, to which a person sometimes
adapts by resorting to criminal behavior.
TRUE
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Level: Basic
Topic: Positivist Approaches to Explaining Crime
58.
Émile Durkheim rejected the idea that society is more than a
simple aggregate of individuals and believed that the world is simply the
product of individual actions.
FALSE
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Level: Basic
Topic: Positivist Approaches to Explaining Crime
59.
According to learning theory, through imitation or modeling, a
person can learn new responses, such as criminal behavior, by observing others.
TRUE
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Level: Basic
Topic: Positivist Approaches to Explaining Crime
60.
Extinction is the presentation of an aversive stimulus to reduce
a response.
FALSE
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Level: Basic
Topic: Positivist Approaches to Explaining Crime
61.
According to conflict theorists, criminal law and the criminal
justice system are used by dominant groups to control subordinate ones.
TRUE
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Level: Basic
Topic: Critical Approaches to Explaining Crime
62.
One objection to radical theory is that the radical definition
of crime as the violation of human rights is too narrow and specific.
FALSE
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Level: Basic
Topic: Critical Approaches to Explaining Crime
63.
Postmodernist criminologists prefer to replace the prevailing
description of the world with new conceptions, words, and phrases that convey
alternative meanings, as Edwin H. Sutherland did when he introduced the concept
of white-collar crime.
TRUE
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Level: Basic
Topic: Positivist Approaches to Explaining Crime
64.
Name the five main assumptions of the positivist school of
thought.
The following are the key assumptions of the positivist school
of thought:
Human behavior is determined and not a matter of free will. Consequently,
positivists focus on cause-and-effect relationships. Criminals are
fundamentally different from noncriminals. Positivists search for such
differences by scientific methods. Social scientists (including criminologists)
can be objective, or value-neutral, in their work. Crime is frequently caused
by multiple factors. Society is based on consensus but not on a social
contract.
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Level: Moderate
Topic: Positivist Approaches to Explaining Crime
65.
Name the three body types discussed in Sheldon’s theory.
The three body types are the endomorphic (soft, fat), the
mesomorphic (athletically built), and the ectomorphic (tall, skinny).
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Level: Basic
Topic: Positivist Approaches to Explaining Crime
66.
Name the five ways according to Merton in which individuals
adapt to strain.
Merton proposed that individuals adapt to the problem of anomie
or strain in one of several different ways: conformity, innovation, ritualism,
retreatism, or rebellion.
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Level: Moderate
Topic: Positivist Approaches to Explaining Crime
67.
Define positive and negative reinforcements, and give one example
of each that is related to crime.
Positive reinforcement is the presentation of a stimulus that
increases or maintains a response; the stimulus, or reward, can be either
material, like money, or psychological, like pleasure. For example, people steal
(a response) because of the rewards—such as the objects or money—that they
receive. Negative reinforcement is the removal or reduction of a stimulus whose
removal or reduction increases or maintains a response; the stimulus in
negative reinforcement is referred to as an aversive stimulus. For example,
stealing may be negatively reinforced by removing or reducing the aversive
stimuli of the fear and pain of poverty.
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Level: Moderate
Topic: Positivist Approaches to Explaining Crime
68.
Discuss the main criticisms of conflict theory.
A problem with conflict theory is that it generally fails to
specify the sources of power in society. When those sources are identified,
they are usually attributed to the personal characteristics of elites; that is,
people with power are said to be smarter, better educated, luckier, and better
able to defer gratification. Conflict theorists seem to ignore that power in
society comes primarily from the ownership of private property. Another
criticism of conflict theory is that it is basically reformist in its policy
implications. Conflict theorists generally assume that crime, as well as other
social problems, can be corrected by existing social institutions. For example,
if only the agencies of criminal justice were more effective, a conflict
theorist might argue, crime would be reduced greatly. Historical evidence
suggests that this assumption may not be true.
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Level: Moderate
Topic: Critical Approaches to Explaining Crime
69.
Travis Hirschi named four characteristics of proper
socialization and four reasons why delinquent behavior is likely to occur. Name
three of each of these.
Answers can include any of the following:
For Travis Hirschi, proper socialization involves the
establishment of a strong moral bond between a juvenile and society, which
consists of attachment to others, commitment to conventional lines of action,
involvement in conventional activities, and belief in the moral order and law.
Delinquent behavior is likely to occur if there is inadequate
attachment, particularly to parents and school; inadequate commitment,
particularly to educational and occupational success; inadequate involvement in
such conventional activities as scouting and sports; and/or inadequate belief,
particularly in the legitimacy and morality of the law.
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Level: Moderate
Topic: Positivist Approaches to Explaining Crime
70.
Mark, a 21-year-old, grew up in a low-income neighborhood where
gangs were common. He dropped out of school because it was much more lucrative
to engage in criminal behavior. He was raised by a single mother; he had no
siblings, just his gang members. He joined a gang and soon became involved in
vandalism, car thefts, and burglaries. Which theories best explain the facts in
the scenario?
Answers will vary. Students could focus on sociological
theories, particularly those that grew out of the Chicago School. Students
could address social disorganization theory and possibly social control theory
by Travis Hirschi. Other theories could also be used. Evaluation should be
based on the knowledge of the theory and the reasons in support of the theory,
not just the theory itself.
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Application
Level: Difficult
Topic: Classical and Neoclassical Approaches to Explaining Crime
Topic: Critical Approaches to Explaining Crime
Topic: Positivist Approaches to Explaining Crime
71.
Virginia was adopted at age 2 into a middle-class family with
strong ties to the community. Virginia began eating large quantities of sugar
and became hyperactive in her elementary school years. She started shoplifting
in her early teenage years, with each incident preceded by large amounts of
soda and candy. Her family sought help for her through counseling. Later, her
family discovered that Virginia had an identical twin, who was adopted by
another family and was experiencing the same types of issues. It was also
learned that Virginia’s biological mother had served a 10-year prison sentence
for various fraud charges using stolen identities. Which theories best explain
the facts in Virginia’s scenario?
Answers will vary. Students could address positivist theories,
especially biological theories. Discussion relating to the high sugar intake,
as well as hereditary predisposition to crime theories, would be appropriate.
Other theories could also be used. Evaluation should be based on the knowledge
of the theory and the reasons in support of the theory, not just the theory
itself.
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Application
Level: Difficult
Topic: Critical Approaches to Explaining Crime
Topic: Positivist Approaches to Explaining Crime
72.
Martin was a member of a politically radical group known as the
Weathermen. This group was a branch of a student society at school that
advocated radical means to overthrow the government. Martin met with a group of
his friends in an empty apartment building and decided to make some homemade
pipe bombs to plant throughout the community. The plan included contacting a
newspaper after the bombs were set off, identifying the group, and trying to
convince people that the current government positions in various parts of the
world were wrong. The bombs would be a way to terrorize others and bring
attention to the Weathermen’s cause in hopes of changing the international
policies of promoting capitalism in the name of democracy. The plan failed as
Martin and his group accidentally blew themselves up. What crime theories could
be applied to this scenario?
Answers will vary. Students could use radical theory and/or
conflict theory to explain this category of crime. Other theories could also be
used. Evaluation should be based on the knowledge of the theory and the reasons
in support of the theory, not just the theory itself.
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Application
Level: Difficult
Topic: Classical and Neoclassical Approaches to Explaining Crime
Topic: Critical Approaches to Explaining Crime
Topic: Positivist Approaches to Explaining Crime
73.
Thomas was raised with an understanding of the fundamental
differences between right and wrong. As an adult, he wasn’t making enough money
to purchase a new car as quickly as he liked. He found out about a gambling
pool that was running numbers illegally and decided to try it out. He weighed
the consequences of getting caught and felt pretty confident that engaging in a
few bets—especially with guidance of an “insider” who had information that
would assist him in deciding which numbers to bet on—would bring him instant
wealth. He bet on a few games with his inside information and won enough money
to buy a car. However, federal authorities found out about the racket and
arrested everyone involved in the gambling—including Thomas. Which theories
best explain why Thomas engaged in criminal behavior?
Answers will vary. Students could address the classical
school/neoclassical school approaches to explaining criminal behavior. They
could emphasize Thomas’s “free will” to choose criminal behavior, as well as
possible biological, psychological, or sociological theories. Evaluation should
be based on the knowledge of the theory and the reasons in support of the
theory, not just the theory itself.
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Application
Level: Difficult
Topic: Classical and Neoclassical Approaches to Explaining Crime
Topic: Positivist Approaches to Explaining Crime
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