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Sample Test
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Chapter_3_Understanding_Crime_and_Victimization
1. According to the principles of choice theory, in order
for punishment to most effectively deter crime, it must meet the following
three conditions:
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a.
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Swift, satisfactory, and certain
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b.
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Severe, certain, and punitive
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c.
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Strict, sure, and swift
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d.
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Intense, lasting, and cumulative
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ANSWER:
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c
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REFERENCES:
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Choice Theory
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LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
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ITCJ.SIWO.16.3.1 – Understand why some experts believe
that crime seems rational.
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KEYWORDS:
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Bloom’s: Remember
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2. Situational crime prevention
falls under _____ theory.
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a.
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Psychological
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b.
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Choice
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c.
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Sociobiological
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d.
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Developmental
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ANSWER:
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b
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REFERENCES:
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Choice Theory
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LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
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ITCJ.SIWO.16.3.2 – Describe the strategies used to
reduce crime by rational criminals.
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KEYWORDS:
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Bloom’s: Remember
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3. Target hardening techniques are
examples of which type of situational crime prevention tactic?
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a.
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Increasing the effort needed to commit the crime
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b.
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Increasing the risks of committing the crime
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c.
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Reducing the rewards for committing the crime
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d.
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Inducing guilt or shame over the crime
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ANSWER:
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a
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REFERENCES:
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Choice Theory
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LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
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ITCJ.SIWO.16.3.1 – Understand why some experts believe
that crime seems rational.
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KEYWORDS:
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Bloom’s: Remember
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4. Putting up large signs indicating
that trash must be either thrown away or recycled and placing bins to dump or
recycle throughout a park is which type of situational crime prevention
tactic?
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a.
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Increase the risks
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b.
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Reduce provocation
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c.
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Remove excuses
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d.
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Induce shame or guilt
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ANSWER:
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c
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REFERENCES:
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Choice Theory
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LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
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ITCJ.SIWO.16.3.1 – Understand why some experts believe
that crime seems rational.
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KEYWORDS:
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Bloom’s: Remember
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5. __________ theory focuses on a person’s
bonds to society as a factor in preventing crime.
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a.
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Social learning
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b.
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Social disorganization
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c.
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Choice
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d.
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Social control
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ANSWER:
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d
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REFERENCES:
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Sociological Theories
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LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
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ITCJ.SIWO.16.3.7 – Distinguish among the three types of
social process theories.
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KEYWORDS:
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Bloom’s: Remember
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6. ______ theory believes that law
violators may have suffered damage to their personalities early in their
development that renders them powerless to control their impulses.
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a.
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Psychodynamic
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b.
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Life course
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c.
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Developmental
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d.
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Sociobiological
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ANSWER:
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a
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REFERENCES:
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Psychological Theories
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LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
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ITCJ.SIWO.16.3.4 – Know the various psychological views
of the cause of crime.
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KEYWORDS:
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Bloom’s: Remember
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7. According to social learning
theory, people become violent because they:
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a.
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Model their behavior after others and have that
behavior positively reinforced.
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b.
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Are born with a predisposition toward violence because
of their genetic makeup.
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c.
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Suffer damage to their egos and superegos at an early
age.
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d.
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Have a mental disorder or illness.
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ANSWER:
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a
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REFERENCES:
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Psychological Theories
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LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
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ITCJ.SIWO.16.3.4 – Know the various psychological views
of the cause of crime.
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KEYWORDS:
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Bloom’s: Remember
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8. Consideration of IQ and
attachment are a part of what type of theory?
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a.
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Psychological theory
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b.
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Sociological theory
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c.
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Sociobiological theory
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d.
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Choice theory
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ANSWER:
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a
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REFERENCES:
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Psychological Theories
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LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
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ITCJ.SIWO.16.3.4 – Know the various psychological views
of the cause of crime.
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KEYWORDS:
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Bloom’s: Remember
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9. Crime is believed to be a
product of transitional neighborhoods that manifest value conflict according
________ theory.
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a.
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Psychoanalytic
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b.
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Social control
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c.
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Social structure
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d.
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Social learning
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ANSWER:
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c
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REFERENCES:
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Sociological Theories
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LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
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ITCJ.SIWO.16.3.6 – Compare and contrast the various
social structure theories of crime.
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KEYWORDS:
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Bloom’s: Remember
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10. Which is not a behavior
associated with antisocial personality?
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a.
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Repeatedly performs acts that are grounds for arrest
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b.
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Needs to plan ahead
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c.
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Reckless disregard for the safety of others
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d.
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Lack of remorse
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ANSWER:
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b
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REFERENCES:
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Psychological Theories
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LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
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ITCJ.SIWO.16.3.5 – Identify the personality traits
linked to crime.
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KEYWORDS:
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Bloom’s: Remember
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11. A subculture occurs in
disorganized neighborhoods marked by apathy, cynicism, helplessness, and
distrust that is passed from one generation to the next, creating a permanent
underclass. This subculture is called:
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a.
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Focal concerns
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b.
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Collective efficacy
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c.
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The culture of poverty
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d.
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The truly disadvantaged
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ANSWER:
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c
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REFERENCES:
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Sociological Theories
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LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
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ITCJ.SIWO.16.3.6 – Compare and contrast the various
social structure theories of crime.
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KEYWORDS:
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Bloom’s: Remember
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12. ______ suggests that some
people adopt the goals of society but lack the means to attain them and will
therefore seek alternatives, such as crime.
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a.
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Strain theory
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b.
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Social learning theory
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c.
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Differential association theory
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d.
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Self-control theory
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ANSWER:
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a
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REFERENCES:
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Sociological Theories
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LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
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ITCJ.SIWO.16.3.6 – Compare and contrast the various
social structure theories of crime.
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KEYWORDS:
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Bloom’s: Remember
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13. Which of the following was not
one of the models of adaptation that Robert Merton produced as part of his
explanation of how anomie can lead to crime?
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a.
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Innovation
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b.
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Rebellion
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c.
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Retreatism
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d.
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Toughness
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ANSWER:
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d
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REFERENCES:
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Sociological Theories
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|
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
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ITCJ.SIWO.16.3.6 – Compare and contrast the various
social structure theories of crime.
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KEYWORDS:
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Bloom’s: Remember
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14. Which of the following is an
argument of Hirschi’s social control theory?
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a.
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Delinquents are detached loners whose bond to friends
has been broken.
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b.
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Delinquents have the same friendship patterns as
conventional youth.
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c.
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There is a definitive reason why a person’s social bond
is weakened.
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d.
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Only females who are detached from their parents are at
risk for gang involvement.
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ANSWER:
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a
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REFERENCES:
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Sociological Theories
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|
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
|
ITCJ.SIWO.16.3.7 – Distinguish among the three types of
social process theories.
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KEYWORDS:
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Bloom’s: Remember
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15. The use of illegal means to
achieve success in the absence of legitimate means is an example of ______ in
Merton’s theory of anomie.
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a.
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Innovation
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b.
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Retreatism
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c.
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Rebellion
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d.
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Conformity
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ANSWER:
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a
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REFERENCES:
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Sociological Theories
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|
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
|
ITCJ.SIWO.16.3.6 – Compare and contrast the various social
structure theories of crime.
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KEYWORDS:
|
Bloom’s: Remember
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16. ______ theory is not a type of
developmental theory.
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a.
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Age-graded
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b.
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Life course
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c.
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Latent trait
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d.
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Social strain
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ANSWER:
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d
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REFERENCES:
|
Sociological Theories
|
|
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
|
ITCJ.SIWO.16.3.6 – Compare and contrast the various
social structure theories of crime.
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|
KEYWORDS:
|
Bloom’s: Remember
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|
17. The general theory of crime
suggests that differences between individuals in the tendency to commit
criminal acts stems from:
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a.
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The level of relative deprivation in their immediate
environment
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b.
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Their level of self-control
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c.
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The perceived value of social injustice in the
community
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d.
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Their tolerance for social strain
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ANSWER:
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b
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REFERENCES:
|
Developmental Theories
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|
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
|
ITCJ.SIWO.16.3.9 – Understand the basics of
developmental theory.
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KEYWORDS:
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Bloom’s: Remember
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18. According to Sampson and Laub,
what are the two most critical turning points in a criminal career?
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a.
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Marriage and employment
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b.
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Employment and imprisonment
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c.
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Children and imprisonment
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d.
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Victimization and social bonds
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ANSWER:
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a
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REFERENCES:
|
Developmental Theories
|
|
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
|
ITCJ.SIWO.16.3.9 – Understand the basics of
developmental theory.
|
|
KEYWORDS:
|
Bloom’s: Remember
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|
19. When individuals provoke or
encourage criminal behavior, this is referred to as:
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a.
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Latent trait activation
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b.
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Victim precipitation
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c.
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Lifestyle theory
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d.
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Cognitive abuse of the victim
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ANSWER:
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b
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REFERENCES:
|
Theories of Victimization
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LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
|
ITCJ.SIWO.16.3.10 – Identify the various theories of victimization.
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KEYWORDS:
|
Bloom’s: Remember
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20. What does lifestyle theory
posit about victimization?
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a.
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The victim invariably precipitates their own
victimization.
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b.
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Victimization is a function of social strain and precipitation.
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c.
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Crime is not a random event, and the probability of a
crime occurring is dependent on the activities of the victim.
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d.
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Victims are just as likely to become offenders as
offenders are to become victims.
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ANSWER:
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c
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REFERENCES:
|
Theories of Victimization
|
|
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
|
ITCJ.SIWO.16.3.10 – Identify the various theories of
victimization.
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|
KEYWORDS:
|
Bloom’s: Remember
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|
21. Which of the following is not
one of the three factors linked to predatory crime rates in routine
activities theory?
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a.
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Supply of motivated offenders
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b.
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Supply of suitable targets
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c.
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Absence of effective guardians for protection
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d.
|
Extent of relative social deprivation
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|
ANSWER:
|
d
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REFERENCES:
|
Theories of Victimization
|
|
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
|
ITCJ.SIWO.16.3.10 – Identify the various theories of
victimization.
|
|
KEYWORDS:
|
Bloom’s: Remember
|
|
|
22. According to the routine
activities theory, police officers would be considered:
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a.
|
Capable guardians
|
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|
b.
|
Suitable targets
|
|
|
c.
|
Motivated offenders
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|
|
d.
|
Capable targets
|
|
ANSWER:
|
a
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|
REFERENCES:
|
Theories of Victimization
|
|
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
|
ITCJ.SIWO.16.3.10 – Identify the various theories of
victimization.
|
|
KEYWORDS:
|
Bloom’s: Remember
|
|
|
23. Which occurs when the victims
used threats?
|
|
a.
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Active precipitation
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|
b.
|
Cursory precipitation
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|
c.
|
Passive precipitation
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|
|
d.
|
Solitary precipitation
|
|
ANSWER:
|
a
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REFERENCES:
|
Theories of Victimization
|
|
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
|
ITCJ.SIWO.16.3.10 – Identify the various theories of
victimization.
|
|
KEYWORDS:
|
Bloom’s: Remember
|
|
|
24. What is the process in which
criminal behavior becomes embedded because antisocial behavior erodes social
ties that encourage conformity and creates incentives to commit crime?
|
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a.
|
Latent traits
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|
b.
|
State organized
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|
c.
|
State dependence
|
|
|
d.
|
Victim precipitation
|
|
ANSWER:
|
c
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
Developmental Theories
|
|
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
|
ITCJ.SIWO.16.3.9 – Understand the basics of
developmental theory.
|
|
KEYWORDS:
|
Bloom’s: Remember
|
|
|
25. Which age group is linked to
the early onset of criminal behavior?
|
|
a.
|
Toddlers
|
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|
b.
|
Early adolescence
|
|
|
c.
|
Late teens
|
|
|
d.
|
Mid-twenties
|
|
ANSWER:
|
b
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
Developmental Theories
|
|
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
|
ITCJ.SIWO.16.3.9 – Understand the basics of
developmental theory.
|
|
KEYWORDS:
|
Bloom’s: Remember
|
|
|
26. According to critical criminologists,
which behavior is the biggest problem?
|
|
a.
|
Burglary
|
|
|
b.
|
Racism
|
|
|
c.
|
Rape
|
|
|
d.
|
Robbery
|
|
ANSWER:
|
b
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
Critical Criminology
|
|
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
|
ITCJ.SIWO.16.3.8 – Know what is meant by critical criminology.
|
|
KEYWORDS:
|
Bloom’s: Remember
|
|
|
27. Excessive levels of
___________ have been linked to violence and aggression.
|
|
a.
|
Estrogen
|
|
|
b.
|
Progesterone
|
|
|
c.
|
Serotonin
|
|
|
d.
|
Testosterone
|
|
ANSWER:
|
d
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
Trait Theories
|
|
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
|
ITCJ.SIWO.16.3.3 – Identify the various biological
traits linked to crime.
|
|
KEYWORDS:
|
Bloom’s: Remember
|
|
|
28. Johnny is arrested for driving
under the influence of alcohol. As a result, he is convicted and serves a
short stint in jail. Johnny’s incarceration is an example of which of the
following concepts?
|
|
a.
|
General deterrence
|
|
|
b.
|
Specific deterrence
|
|
|
c.
|
Situational prevention
|
|
|
d.
|
Just desserts
|
|
ANSWER:
|
b
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
Choice Theory
|
|
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
|
ITCJ.SIWO.16.3.2 – Describe the strategies used to
reduce crime by rational criminals.
|
|
KEYWORDS:
|
Bloom’s: Apply
|
|
|
29. Which of the following is not
considered a biochemical factor?
|
|
a.
|
Environmental constraints
|
|
|
b.
|
Hypoglycemia
|
|
|
c.
|
Testosterone
|
|
|
d.
|
Genetic abnormality
|
|
ANSWER:
|
d
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
Trait Theories
|
|
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
|
ITCJ.SIWO.16.3.3 – Identify the various biological
traits linked to crime.
|
|
KEYWORDS:
|
Bloom’s: Remember
|
|
|
30. Which theory posits that
antisocial behavior is learned through observation?
|
|
a.
|
Social learning theory
|
|
|
b.
|
Psychodynamic theory
|
|
|
c.
|
Moral development theory
|
|
|
d.
|
Social disorganization
|
|
ANSWER:
|
a
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
Psychological Theories
|
|
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
|
ITCJ.SIWO.16.3.4 – Know the various psychological views
of the cause of crime.
|
|
KEYWORDS:
|
Bloom’s: Remember
|
|
|
31. Social disorganization leads
to which of the following?
|
|
a.
|
Residents’ frustrations over their perceived inability
to attain the “American Dream”
|
|
|
b.
|
Weakened informal social control
|
|
|
c.
|
The development of a cognitive landscape that views
violence as an acceptable means to resolve conflict
|
|
|
d.
|
All of the above
|
|
ANSWER:
|
d
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
Sociological Theories
|
|
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
|
ITCJ.SIWO.16.3.6 – Compare and contrast the various
social structure theories of crime.
|
|
KEYWORDS:
|
Bloom’s: Remember
|
|
|
32. Which theory proposes the
existence of a master criminal trait or propensity after birth?
|
|
a.
|
Latent trait
|
|
|
b.
|
Life course
|
|
|
c.
|
Trajectory
|
|
|
d.
|
Biochemical
|
|
ANSWER:
|
a
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
Developmental Theories
|
|
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
|
ITCJ.SIWO.16.3.9 – Understand the basics of developmental
theory.
|
|
KEYWORDS:
|
Bloom’s: Remember
|
|
|
CASE 3.1
Mary and Louise are both 15 years old. Each was arrested and
charged with stealing a vehicle. Mary stole a car from the teacher’s parking
lot at her school. Louise stole her neighbor’s car when she decided that she
wanted to drive to her boyfriend. They both meet with Mr. Brown, a juvenile
probation officer, who is to recommend whether or not they should be detained
in a juvenile detention center prior to the disposition of their cases.
|
|
33. According to the routine
activities theory Mary would be considered a:
|
|
a.
|
Motivated offender
|
|
|
b.
|
Suitable target
|
|
|
c.
|
Suitable offender
|
|
|
d.
|
Capable guardian
|
|
ANSWER:
|
a
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
Theories of Victimization
|
|
PREFACE NAME:
|
CASE 3.1
|
|
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
|
ITCJ.SIWO.16.3.10 – Identify the various theories of
victimization.
|
|
KEYWORDS:
|
Bloom’s: Apply
|
|
|
34. When Mr. Brown asks Mary if
she thought twice about stealing the car from the teacher’s parking lot, she
replied, “when I saw that the gate was open and there was no security officer
around, I had no fear of stealing the car.”What situational crime prevention
tactic could have prevented this crime from occurring?
|
|
a.
|
Increase the effort needed to commit the crime
|
|
|
b.
|
Increase the risk of committing the crime
|
|
|
c.
|
Reduce the rewards for committing the crime
|
|
|
d.
|
Remove excuses
|
|
ANSWER:
|
a
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
Choice Theory
|
|
PREFACE NAME:
|
CASE 3.1
|
|
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
|
ITCJ.SIWO.16.3.1 – Understand why some experts believe
that crime seems rational.
|
|
KEYWORDS:
|
Bloom’s: Apply
|
|
|
35. When Mr. Brown meets with
Louise, he asks her the same questions he asked Mary about her background.
Louise explains that she has been arrested ten times before for various
charges, including drug possession, burglary, and assault.Louise also
explains that she has been diagnosed with ADHD and learning disabilities and
that she does not always know why she does the things she does.Which
biosocial view of crime would best explain Louise’s behavior?
|
|
a.
|
Biochemical
|
|
|
b.
|
Neurological
|
|
|
c.
|
Genetic
|
|
|
d.
|
Precipitation
|
|
ANSWER:
|
b
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
Trait Theories
|
|
PREFACE NAME:
|
CASE 3.1
|
|
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
|
ITCJ.SIWO.16.3.3 – Identify the various biological
traits linked to crime.
|
|
KEYWORDS:
|
Bloom’s: Apply
|
|
|
36. Louise also explains that she
was diagnosed with a psychiatric disorder.She cannot remember the name of the
disorder.Mr. Brown is waiting for her case file to see her diagnosis.Which of
the following psychiatric disorders is Louise unlikely to have?
|
|
a.
|
Oppositional defiant disorder
|
|
|
b.
|
Conduct disorder
|
|
|
c.
|
Alexithymia
|
|
|
d.
|
Strain disorder
|
|
ANSWER:
|
d
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
Psychological Theories
|
|
PREFACE NAME:
|
CASE 3.1
|
|
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
|
ITCJ.SIWO.16.3.4 – Know the various psychological views
of the cause of crime.
|
|
KEYWORDS:
|
Bloom’s: Analyze
|
|
|
CASE 3.2
Warden Smith supervises 2000 male inmates who are incarcerated
for various reasons, including murder, rape, robbery, drugs, theft, and
arson. He meets with every inmate who is sentenced to his prison to get an
understanding of where each inmate came from and how he can possible help
each inmate to not return to his institution once released.
|
|
37. Warden Smith meets Jamaal.He
was sentenced to 20 years in prison for armed robbery.Jamaal is argumentative
and is a firm believer that the criminal justice system is just a mechanism
to control the poor.He thinks that the government should be focusing on the
crimes that the wealthy commit and not those of the lower-class
community.Jamaal would most likely support which theory?
|
|
a.
|
Critical
|
|
|
b.
|
Social learning
|
|
|
c.
|
Psychodynamic
|
|
|
d.
|
Choice
|
|
ANSWER:
|
a
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
Critical Criminology
|
|
PREFACE NAME:
|
CASE 3.2
|
|
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
|
ITCJ.SIWO.16.3.8 – Know what is meant by critical
criminology.
|
|
KEYWORDS:
|
Bloom’s: Apply
|
|
|
38. Larry meets with Warden
Smith.Larry has been to prison three timespreviously.He tellsWarden Smith
that he has committed hundreds of other crimes for whichhe never got
caught.His current conviction is for drug dealing.Larry was willing to take
achance in dealing drugs because he was going to make over $100,000 for the
transaction and he thought the potential profit was worth the risk and the
effort.Which theory would most likely support why Larry committed his crime?
|
|
a.
|
Critical
|
|
|
b.
|
Social learning
|
|
|
c.
|
Psychodynamic
|
|
|
d.
|
Choice
|
|
ANSWER:
|
d
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
Choice Theory
|
|
PREFACE NAME:
|
CASE 3.2
|
|
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
|
ITCJ.SIWO.16.3.1 – Understand why some experts believe
that crime seems rational.
|
|
KEYWORDS:
|
Bloom’s: Analyze
|
|
|
39. Joey is in prison for
attempted murder.He got into a fight at a local bar with a man with whom he
was drinking some beers.The man made a comment about Joey’s girlfriend and
Joey just snapped and beat him until he was unconscious.The man was in a coma
for a few months before he woke up.The man sustained permanent brain
damage.Warden Smith asked Joey why he did not just walk away from this man
who commented about his girlfriend.Joey explained to Warden Smith that he
always saw his father and uncles handle disagreements by fistfighting.He says
this is the only way he knows how to settle disputes.Joey asks for help from
Warden Smith.What theory would explain Joey’s behavior?
|
|
a.
|
Critical
|
|
|
b.
|
Social learning
|
|
|
c.
|
Psychodynamic
|
|
|
d.
|
Choice
|
|
ANSWER:
|
b
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
Psychological Theories
|
|
PREFACE NAME:
|
CASE 3.2
|
|
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
|
ITCJ.SIWO.16.3.4 – Know the various psychological views
of the cause of crime.
|
|
KEYWORDS:
|
Bloom’s: Apply
|
|
|
40. Warden Smith has met with
thousands of inmates who have come into his prison.He firmly believes that
the majority of people who commit crime do so because of social structure
theories.Which of the following is not considered a social structure theory?
|
|
a.
|
Social disorganization
|
|
|
b.
|
Social learning
|
|
|
c.
|
Strain
|
|
|
d.
|
Cultural deviance
|
|
ANSWER:
|
b
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
Sociological Theories
|
|
PREFACE NAME:
|
CASE 3.2
|
|
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
|
ITCJ.SIWO.16.3.6 – Compare and contrast the various
social structure theories of crime.
|
|
KEYWORDS:
|
Bloom’s: Remember
|
|
|
41. Warden Smith also reviews the
background and criminal history of all offenders who enter his prison.He
notices a common theme—many of his inmates began offending at a very early
age and they continued to offend well into adulthood.These inmates are
considered to be:
|
|
a.
|
Adolescent-limited offenders.
|
|
|
b.
|
Active persisters.
|
|
|
c.
|
Passive persisters.
|
|
|
d.
|
Life-course persisters.
|
|
ANSWER:
|
d
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
Developmental Theories
|
|
PREFACE NAME:
|
CASE 3.2
|
|
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
|
ITCJ.SIWO.16.3.9 – Understand the basics of
developmental theory.
|
|
KEYWORDS:
|
Bloom’s: Apply
|
|
|
42. The field of criminology is
not concerned with the control of criminal behavior, only its causes.
|
ANSWER:
|
False
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
Causes of Crime
|
|
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
|
ITCJ.SIWO.16.3.1 – Understand why some experts believe
that crime seems rational.
|
|
KEYWORDS:
|
Bloom’s: Remember
|
|
|
43. Target hardening techniques
are one element of situational crime prevention.
|
ANSWER:
|
True
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
Choice Theory
|
|
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
|
ITCJ.SIWO.16.3.1 – Understand why some experts believe
that crime seems rational.
|
|
KEYWORDS:
|
Bloom’s: Remember
|
|
|
44. In recent years there has been
increased interest in the biology of crime, including biochemical,
neurological, evolutionary, and genetic concerns.
|
ANSWER:
|
True
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
Trait Theories
|
|
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
|
ITCJ.SIWO.16.3.3 – Identify the various biological
traits linked to crime.
|
|
KEYWORDS:
|
Bloom’s: Remember
|
|
|
45. Disinhibition is when adults
are viewed as being rewarded for violence and when violence is seen as
socially acceptable.
|
ANSWER:
|
True
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
Psychological Theories
|
|
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
|
ITCJ.SIWO.16.3.4 – Know the various psychological views
of the cause of crime.
|
|
KEYWORDS:
|
Bloom’s: Remember
|
|
|
46. Studies show that high
serotonin levels are linked with poor impulse control andhyperactivity.
|
ANSWER:
|
False
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
Trait Theories
|
|
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
|
ITCJ.SIWO.16.3.3 – Identify the various biological
traits linked to crime.
|
|
KEYWORDS:
|
Bloom’s: Remember
|
|
|
47. The lack of capable guardians
is a cornerstone of routine activities theory.
|
ANSWER:
|
True
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
Theories of Victimization
|
|
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
|
ITCJ.SIWO.16.3.10 – Identify the various theories of
victimization.
|
|
KEYWORDS:
|
Bloom’s: Remember
|
|
|
48. According to situational crime
prevention, if punishment is severe enough, known criminals will never be
tempted to repeat their offenses.
|
ANSWER:
|
False
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
Choice Theory
|
|
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
|
ITCJ.SIWO.16.3.1 – Understand why some experts believe
that crime seems rational.
|
|
KEYWORDS:
|
Bloom’s: Remember
|
|
|
49. Cesare Lombroso’s views on
crime causation were discredited.
|
ANSWER:
|
True
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
Trait Theories
|
|
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
|
ITCJ.SIWO.16.3.3 – Identify the various biological
traits linked to crime.
|
|
KEYWORDS:
|
Bloom’s: Remember
|
|
|
50. The focus of neurological
views of crime causation is twin and sibling behavior.
|
ANSWER:
|
False
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
Trait Theories
|
|
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
|
ITCJ.SIWO.16.3.3 – Identify the various biological
traits linked to crime.
|
|
KEYWORDS:
|
Bloom’s: Remember
|
|
|
51. People suffering from conduct
disorder have difficulty following rules and behaving in a socially
acceptable way.
|
ANSWER:
|
True
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
Psychological Theories
|
|
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
|
ITCJ.SIWO.16.3.4 – Know the various psychological views
of the cause of crime.
|
|
KEYWORDS:
|
Bloom’s: Remember
|
|
|
52. Alexithymia is a disorder
characterized by an inability to concentrate, loss of appetite, and hopelessness.
|
ANSWER:
|
False
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
Psychological Theories
|
|
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
|
ITCJ.SIWO.16.3.4 – Know the various psychological views
of the cause of crime.
|
|
KEYWORDS:
|
Bloom’s: Remember
|
|
|
53. Cognitive psychologists are
concerned with the way people perceive and mentally representthe world in
which they live.
|
ANSWER:
|
True
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
Psychological Theories
|
|
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
|
ITCJ.SIWO.16.3.4 – Know the various psychological views
of the cause of crime.
|
|
KEYWORDS:
|
Bloom’s: Remember
|
|
|
54. According to social control
theorists, society produces criminals by stigmatizing certain individuals as
deviant.
|
ANSWER:
|
False
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
Sociological Theories
|
|
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
|
ITCJ.SIWO.16.3.7 – Distinguish among the three types of
social process theories.
|
|
KEYWORDS:
|
Bloom’s: Remember
|
|
|
55. The death penalty has been
shown to be a deterrent to violent crime.
|
ANSWER:
|
False
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
Choice Theory
|
|
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
|
ITCJ.SIWO.16.3.2 – Describe the strategies used to
reduce crime by rational criminals.
|
|
KEYWORDS:
|
Bloom’s: Remember
|
|
|
56. ADHD has been linked to
antisocial behavior.
|
ANSWER:
|
True
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
Trait Theories
|
|
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
|
ITCJ.SIWO.16.3.3 – Identify the various biological
traits linked to crime.
|
|
KEYWORDS:
|
Bloom’s: Remember
|
|
|
57. Punishments such as arrest and
formal sanctions have been shown to deter sociopaths.
|
ANSWER:
|
False
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
Psychological Theories
|
|
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
|
ITCJ.SIWO.16.3.5 – Identify the personality traits
linked to crime.
|
|
KEYWORDS:
|
Bloom’s: Remember
|
|
|
58. Social process theories
suggest that criminal behavior is learned.
|
ANSWER:
|
True
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
Sociological Theories
|
|
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
|
ITCJ.SIWO.16.3.6 – Compare and contrast the various
social structure theories of crime.
|
|
KEYWORDS:
|
Bloom’s: Remember
|
|
|
59. Under critical criminal
justice, the criminal justice system is viewed as a means of controlling the
poor.
|
ANSWER:
|
True
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
Critical Criminology
|
|
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
|
ITCJ.SIWO.16.3.8 – Know what is meant by critical
criminology.
|
|
KEYWORDS:
|
Bloom’s: Remember
|
|
|
60. Under critical criminal
justice, white collar crimes would likely be prosecuted with much less
vigor.
|
ANSWER:
|
True
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
Critical Criminology
|
|
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
|
ITCJ.SIWO.16.3.8 – Know what is meant by critical criminology.
|
|
KEYWORDS:
|
Bloom’s: Remember
|
|
|
61. Developmental theories are
concerned with trying to understand why people commit crime.
|
ANSWER:
|
False
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
Developmental Theories
|
|
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
|
ITCJ.SIWO.16.3.9 – Understand the basics of
developmental theory.
|
|
KEYWORDS:
|
Bloom’s: Remember
|
|
|
62. Under the general theory of
crime, criminal acts are attractive because they provide instant
gratification for the offender.
|
ANSWER:
|
True
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
Developmental Theories
|
|
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
|
ITCJ.SIWO.16.3.9 – Understand the basics of
developmental theory.
|
|
KEYWORDS:
|
Bloom’s: Remember
|
|
|
63. _________________ is a crime
control approach that seeks to instill fear of criminal penalties in the
public.
|
ANSWER:
|
General deterrence
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
Choice Theory
|
|
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
|
ITCJ.SIWO.16.3.2 – Describe the strategies used to
reduce crime by rational criminals.
|
|
KEYWORDS:
|
Bloom’s: Remember
|
|
|
64. The terms “psychopath” and
“sociopath” are commonly used to describe people who have a (n) ___________.
|
ANSWER:
|
antisocial personality
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
Psychological Theories
|
|
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
|
ITCJ.SIWO.16.3.5 – Identify the personality traits
linked to crime.
|
|
KEYWORDS:
|
Bloom’s: Remember
|
|
|
65. The concept of
____________________ refers to the absence or weakness of rules and social
norms (normlessness) in any person or group.
|
ANSWER:
|
anomie
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
Sociological Theories
|
|
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
|
ITCJ.SIWO.16.3.6 – Compare and contrast the various
social structure theories of crime.
|
|
KEYWORDS:
|
Bloom’s: Remember
|
|
|
66. The concept of ____________________
refers to the frustration and inner conflict experienced by people who
believe that they cannot achieve their desires and goals through legitimate
means.
|
ANSWER:
|
strain
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
Sociological Theories
|
|
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
|
ITCJ.SIWO.16.3.6 – Compare and contrast the various
social structure theories of crime.
|
|
KEYWORDS:
|
Bloom’s: Remember
|
|
|
67. ________ consists of the
stratifications, classes, institutions, and groups that characterize a
society.
|
ANSWER:
|
Social structure
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
Sociological Theories
|
|
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
|
ITCJ.SIWO.16.3.6 – Compare and contrast the various
social structure theories of crime.
|
|
KEYWORDS:
|
Bloom’s: Remember
|
|
|
68. ________ is the beginning of
antisocial behavior during early adolescence, after which criminal behavior
is more likely to persist throughout the life span.
|
ANSWER:
|
Early onset
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
Developmental Theories
|
|
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
|
ITCJ.SIWO.16.3.9 – Understand the basics of developmental
theory.
|
|
KEYWORDS:
|
Bloom’s: Remember
|
|
|
69. According to labeling
theorists, the use of social or physical restraints such as handcuffs,
incarceration, or a criminal record are examples of ____________________
ceremonies, believed to leave a lasting impression on the accused.
|
ANSWER:
|
degradation
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
Sociological Theories
|
|
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
|
ITCJ.SIWO.16.3.7 – Distinguish among the three types of
social process theories.
|
|
KEYWORDS:
|
Bloom’s: Remember
|
|
|
70. In cohesive communities,
_________ may develop.This is characterized by mutual trust, a willingness to
intervene in the supervision of children, and the maintenance of public
order.
|
ANSWER:
|
collective efficacy
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
Sociological Theories
|
|
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
|
ITCJ.SIWO.16.3.6 – Compare and contrast the various
social structure theories of crime.
|
|
KEYWORDS:
|
Bloom’s: Remember
|
|
|
71. According to Laub and Samson,
“turning points” allow people to build ____________________—the positive
relations with individuals and institutions that contribute to success.
|
ANSWER:
|
social capital
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
Developmental Theories
|
|
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
|
ITCJ.SIWO.16.3.9 – Understand the basics of
developmental theory.
|
|
KEYWORDS:
|
Bloom’s: Remember
|
|
|
72. ___________________ may be
considered typical teenagers who get into minor scrapes and engage in what
might be considered rebellious teenage behavior with their friends.
|
ANSWER:
|
Adolescent-limited offenders
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
Developmental Theories
|
|
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
|
ITCJ.SIWO.16.3.9 – Understand the basics of
developmental theory.
|
|
KEYWORDS:
|
Bloom’s: Remember
|
|
|
73. Delinquents who begin their
offending career at a very early age and continue to offend into adulthood
are known as ______________________.
|
ANSWER:
|
life-course persisters
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
Developmental Theories
|
|
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
|
ITCJ.SIWO.16.3.9 – Understand the basics of
developmental theory.
|
|
KEYWORDS:
|
Bloom’s: Remember
|
|
|
74. The role of the victim in
provoking or encouraging criminal behavior is known as _______________.
|
ANSWER:
|
victim precipitation
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
Theories of Victimization
|
|
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
|
ITCJ.SIWO.16.3.10 – Identify the various theories of
victimization.
|
|
KEYWORDS:
|
Bloom’s: Remember
|
|
|
75. The major premise of
___________________ theory is that crime is a function of diet, vitamin
intake, hormonal imbalance, or food allergies.
|
ANSWER:
|
biochemical
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
Trait Theories
|
|
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
|
ITCJ.SIWO.16.3.3 – Identify the various biological
traits linked to crime.
|
|
KEYWORDS:
|
Bloom’s: Remember
|
|
|
76. _______________are chemical
compounds that influence or activate brain functions.
|
ANSWER:
|
Neurotransmitters
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
Trait Theories
|
|
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
|
ITCJ.SIWO.16.3.3 – Identify the various biological
traits linked to crime.
|
|
KEYWORDS:
|
Bloom’s: Remember
|
|
|
77. Johnny’s friend Maria hears
that Johnny has been arrested and served some jail time for a DUI. Maria is
fearful of being arrested and punished herself, and decides that she will
abstain from drinking and driving. This is an example of ____________________
deterrence.
|
ANSWER:
|
General
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
Choice Theory
|
|
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
|
ITCJ.SIWO.16.3.2 – Describe the strategies used to
reduce crime by rational criminals.
|
|
KEYWORDS:
|
Bloom’s: Remember
|
|
|
78. _______________ is a condition
characterized bya decrease in blood sugar levels that is thought to impair
brain function
|
ANSWER:
|
Hypoglycemia
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
Trait Theories
|
|
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
|
ITCJ.SIWO.16.3.3 – Identify the various biological
traits linked to crime.
|
|
KEYWORDS:
|
Bloom’s: Remember
|
|
|
79. ________________ suggests that
as people age and mature they traverse a series of stages in which their view
of what is morally right or wrong changes and develops.
|
ANSWER:
|
Moral development theory
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
Psychological Theories
|
|
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
|
ITCJ.SIWO.16.3.4 – Know the various psychological views
of the cause of crime.
|
|
KEYWORDS:
|
Bloom’s: Remember
|
|
|
80. According to Merton’s strain
theory, youths who reject conventional goals and choose to live as drug users
or alcoholics are called _______________.
|
ANSWER:
|
Retreatists
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
Sociological Theories
|
|
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
|
ITCJ.SIWO.16.3.6 – Compare and contrast the various
social structure theories of crime.
|
|
KEYWORDS:
|
Bloom’s: Remember
|
|
|
81. A _______________ may occur
when a state institution fails to enforce a law.
|
ANSWER:
|
State corporate crime
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
Critical Criminology
|
|
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
|
ITCJ.SIWO.16.3.8 – Know what is meant by critical
criminology.
|
|
KEYWORDS:
|
Bloom’s: Remember
|
|
|
82. __________________
precipitation occurs when the victim exhibits some personal characteristic
that unintentionally threatens or encourages the offender to act.
|
ANSWER:
|
Passive
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
Theories of Victimization
|
|
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
|
ITCJ.SIWO.16.3.10 – Identify the various theories of
victimization.
|
|
KEYWORDS:
|
Bloom’s: Remember
|
|
|
83. Why do some experts believe
that crime is rational?
|
ANSWER:
|
Answers will vary.
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
Choice Theory
|
|
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
|
ITCJ.SIWO.16.3.1 – Understand why some experts believe
that crime seems rational.
|
|
KEYWORDS:
|
Bloom’s: Understand
|
|
|
84. Of the six tactics of
situational crime prevention, which do you think is the most effective, and
why.
|
ANSWER:
|
Answers will vary.
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
Choice Theory
|
|
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
|
ITCJ.SIWO.16.3.1 – Understand why some experts believe
that crime seems rational.
|
|
KEYWORDS:
|
Bloom’s: Understand
|
|
|
85. How do scientists test to see
whethercrime is genetic?What does the current research show?
|
ANSWER:
|
Answers will vary.
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
Trait Theories
|
|
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
|
ITCJ.SIWO.16.3.3 – Identify the various biological
traits linked to crime.
|
|
KEYWORDS:
|
Bloom’s: Understand
|
|
|
86. Explain the psychodynamic
theory of crime.
|
ANSWER:
|
Answers will vary.
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
Psychological Theories
|
|
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
|
ITCJ.SIWO.16.3.4 – Know the various psychological views
of the cause of crime.
|
|
KEYWORDS:
|
Bloom’s: Understand
|
|
|
87. Discuss two disorders that
have been linked to antisocial youth.
|
ANSWER:
|
Answers will vary.
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
Psychological Theories
|
|
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
|
ITCJ.SIWO.16.3.4 – Know the various psychological views
of the cause of crime.
|
|
KEYWORDS:
|
Bloom’s: Understand
|
|
|
88. Compare and contrast the
various social structure theories of crime.
|
ANSWER:
|
Answers will vary.
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
Sociological Theories
|
|
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
|
ITCJ.SIWO.16.3.6 – Compare and contrast the various
social structure theories of crime.
|
|
KEYWORDS:
|
Bloom’s: Remember
|
|
|
89. Which theory do you believe
best explains the majority of criminal behavior, and why.
|
ANSWER:
|
Answers will vary.
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
Entire Chapter
|
|
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
|
ITCJ.SIWO.16.3.1 – Understand why some experts believe
that crime seems rational.
ITCJ.SIWO.16.3.10 – Identify the various theories of victimization.
ITCJ.SIWO.16.3.2 – Describe the strategies used to reduce crime by rational
criminals.
ITCJ.SIWO.16.3.3 – Identify the various biological traits linked to crime.
ITCJ.SIWO.16.3.4 – Know the various psychological views of the cause of
crime.
ITCJ.SIWO.16.3.5 – Identify the personality traits linked to crime.
ITCJ.SIWO.16.3.6 – Compare and contrast the various social structure
theories of crime.
ITCJ.SIWO.16.3.7 – Distinguish among the three types of social process
theories.
ITCJ.SIWO.16.3.8 – Know what is meant by critical criminology.
ITCJ.SIWO.16.3.9 – Understand the basics of developmental theory.
|
|
KEYWORDS:
|
Bloom’s: Apply
|
|
|
90. Suppose a public park has
experienced numerous police calls for service because of teenagers “hanging
out” in the park, drinking, using drugs, and destroying property. The
offenders have created holes in the fencing so they can access the park after
hours. They also congregate in areas with thick shrubbery that inhibits
observation. Using concepts from situational crime prevention, explain some
ways that the park design could be improved or altered to deter this
behavior.
|
ANSWER:
|
Answers will vary.
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
Choice Theory
|
|
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
|
ITCJ.SIWO.16.3.1 – Understand why some experts believe
that crime seems rational.
|
|
KEYWORDS:
|
Bloom’s: Apply
|
|
|
91. Assuming that traits conducive
to crime are biologically inherited, what are some possible ethical concerns
with continuing research?
|
ANSWER:
|
Answers will vary.
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
Trait Theories
|
|
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
|
ITCJ.SIWO.16.3.3 – Identify the various biological
traits linked to crime.
|
|
KEYWORDS:
|
Bloom’s: Understand
|
|
|
92. Explain the evidence for and
against IQ being a determinant of antisocial behavior.
|
ANSWER:
|
Answers will vary.
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
Psychological Theories
|
|
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
|
ITCJ.SIWO.16.3.5 – Identify the personality traits
linked to crime.
|
|
KEYWORDS:
|
Bloom’s: Understand
|
|
|
93. Explain how concentrated disadvantage
results in social disorganization.
|
ANSWER:
|
Answers will vary.
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
Sociological Theories
|
|
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
|
ITCJ.SIWO.16.3.6 – Compare and contrast the various
social structure theories of crime.
|
|
KEYWORDS:
|
Bloom’s: Understand
|
|
|
94. Explain how institutional
racism may influence police decision-making practices.
|
ANSWER:
|
Answers will vary.
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
Sociological Theories
|
|
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
|
ITCJ.SIWO.16.3.6 – Compare and contrast the various
social structure theories of crime.
|
|
KEYWORDS:
|
Bloom’s: Understand
|
|
|
95. Consider how routine activity
theory might explain a mugging in a parking lot. In your answer, explain the
interplay among the three elements of the crime triangle.
|
ANSWER:
|
Answers will vary.
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
Theories of Victimization
|
|
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
|
ITCJ.SIWO.16.3.10 – Identify the various theories of
victimization.
|
|
KEYWORDS:
|
Bloom’s: Understand
|
|
|
Chapter_5_Public_Policing_and_Private_Security
1. Which arrangement in early English society required
that every person in a village be responsible for protecting the
settlement from thieves?
|
|
a.
|
The runner system
|
|
|
b.
|
Community policing
|
|
|
c.
|
The pledge system
|
|
|
d.
|
The watch system
|
|
ANSWER:
|
c
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
The History of the Police
|
|
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
|
ITCJ.SIWO.16.5.1 – Recount the early development of the
police in England.
|
|
KEYWORDS:
|
Bloom’s: Remember
|
|
|
2. The _____ was created in 1326
under the watch system of policing to assist the shire reeve
in controlling the county.
|
|
a.
|
Deputy position
|
|
|
b.
|
Constable position
|
|
|
c.
|
Bobbie position
|
|
|
d.
|
Justice of the peace
|
|
ANSWER:
|
d
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
The History of the Police
|
|
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
|
ITCJ.SIWO.16.5.1 – Recount the early development of the
police in England.
|
|
KEYWORDS:
|
Bloom’s: Remember
|
|
|
3. What was the name of the
organized private police that patrolled in eighteenth-century England?
|
|
a.
|
Constables
|
|
|
b.
|
Shire reeves
|
|
|
c.
|
Bobbies
|
|
|
d.
|
Thief takers
|
|
ANSWER:
|
d
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
The History of the Police
|
|
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
|
ITCJ.SIWO.16.5.1 – Recount the early development of the
police in England.
|
|
KEYWORDS:
|
Bloom’s: Remember
|
|
|
4. English police officers are
known as bobbies because:
|
|
a.
|
The tails of the horses they rode were cut short
(bobbed).
|
|
|
b.
|
Sir Robert (Bobbie) Peel was responsible for their
creation.
|
|
|
c.
|
The first name Robert and its accompanying nickname
Bobbie were extremely common among the first generation of English
police.
|
|
|
d.
|
They were paid in shillings, for which the slang term
was “bob.”
|
|
ANSWER:
|
b
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
The History of the Police
|
|
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
|
ITCJ.SIWO.16.5.1 – Recount the early development of the
police in England.
|
|
KEYWORDS:
|
Bloom’s: Remember
|
|
|
5. Which of the following was not
one of Sir Robert Peel’s nine principles of policing?
|
|
a.
|
The basic mission for which the police exist is to make
arrests and aid in convictions.
|
|
|
b.
|
The ability of the police to perform their duties is
dependent on public approval of police actions.
|
|
|
c.
|
Police must secure the willing cooperation of the
public in voluntary observance of the law in order to secure and
maintain public respect.
|
|
|
d.
|
Police preserve public favor by constantly
demonstrating absolute impartial service to the law.
|
|
ANSWER:
|
a
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
The History of the Police
|
|
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
|
ITCJ.SIWO.16.5.1 – Recount the early development of the
police in England.
|
|
KEYWORDS:
|
Bloom’s: Remember
|
|
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