Introduction to Criminal Justice 14th Edition by Larry J. Siegel – Test Bank
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Sample Test
Chapter 3—Understanding Crime and
Victimization
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. According
to the principles of choice theory, in order for punishment to most effectively
deter crime, it must the following three conditions:
2. Swift,
satisfactory and certain
3. Severe,
certain and punitive
4. Strict,
sure, and swift
5. Intense,
lasting and cumulative
ANS:
C
REF: p.
85
OBJ:
1
2. The
idea that a potential criminal would fear punishment because they know of
someone else who was punished is referred to as:
3. General
deterrence
4. Specific
deterrence
5. Environmental
deterrence
6. Situational
crime prevention
ANS:
A
REF: p.
88
OBJ:
2
3. Situational
crime prevention falls under _____ theory.
1. Psychological
2. Choice
3. Sociobiological
4. Developmental
ANS:
B
REF: p.
87
OBJ:
2
4. Which
philosophy of punishment advocates severely punishing an offender in an attempt
to convince him to permanently cease committing criminal acts?
5. Specific
deterrence
6. Rehabilitation
7. Incapacitation
8. General
deterrence
ANS:
A
REF: p.
90
OBJ:
2
5. Which
of the following is not a
criticism of specific deterrence?
6. Specific
deterrence assumes a rational criminal who learns from experience.
7. A
vast majority of offenders have heavy substance abuse problems, making
successful readjustment to society difficult.
8. Criminals
who are punished may believe that the likelihood of getting caught again for
the same crime is remote.
9. The
crime rate has dropped dramatically during the past decade while the prison
population has grown, indicating at least some relationship between crime rates
and incarceration rates.
ANS:
D
REF: p.
91
OBJ:
2
6. Target
hardening techniques are examples of which type of situational crime prevention
tactic?
7. Increasing
the effort needed to commit the crime
8. Increasing
the risks of committing the crime
9. Reducing
the rewards for committing the crime
10.
Inducing guilt or shame over the crime
ANS:
A
REF: p.
87
OBJ: 2
7. Putting
up large signs indicating that trash must be either thrown away or recycled and
placing bins to dump or recycle throughout a park is which type of situational
crime prevention tactic?
8. Increase
the risks
9. Reduce
provocation
10.
Remove excuses
11.
Induce shame or guilt
ANS:
C
REF: p.
88
OBJ: 2
8. Which
group of theories equates poverty with high crime rates?
9. Social
structure
10.
Social learning
11.
Psychological
12.
Choice
ANS:
A
REF: p.
100
OBJ: 6
9. __________
theory focuses on a person’s bonds to society as a factor in preventing crime.
10.
Social learning
11.
Social disorganization
12.
Choice
13.
Social control
ANS:
D
REF: p.
105
OBJ: 7
10.
Which theory is interested in the question of the link between
the media and violence?
11.
Life course theory
12.
Social control theory
13.
Psychodynamic theory
14.
Behavioral theory
ANS:
D
PTS:
REF: p. 98
OBJ: 4
11.
______ theory believes that law violators may have suffered
damage to their personalities early in their development that renders them
powerless to control their impulses.
12.
Psychodynamic
13.
Life course
14.
Developmental
15.
Sociobiological
ANS:
A
REF:
p.
95
OBJ: 4
12.
According to social learning theory, people become violent because
they:
13.
Model their behavior after others and have that behavior
positively reinforced
14.
Are born with a predisposition towards violence due to their
genetics
15.
Suffer damage to their egos and superegos at an early age
16.
Have a mental disorder or illness
ANS:
A
REF:
p.
106
OBJ: 7
13.
Consideration of IQ and attachment are a part of what type of
theory?
14.
Psychological theory
15.
Sociological theory
16.
Sociobiological theory
17.
Choice theory
ANS:
A
REF:
p. 99
OBJ: 4
14.
Crime is believed to be a product of transitional neighborhoods
that manifest value conflict according ________ theory.
15.
Psychoanalytic
16.
Social control
17.
Social structure
18.
Social learning
ANS:
C
REF:
p. 114
OBJ:
6
15.
Which is not a behavior associated with antisocial personality?
16.
Repeatedly performs acts that are grounds for arrest.
17.
Needs to plan ahead.
18.
Reckless disregard for the safety of others.
19.
Lack of remorse
ANS:
B
REF:
p. 98-99
OBJ: 5
16.
The differences in the crime rate that exist across regions,
states, or neighborhoods are a principal concern of __________ theory.
17.
Biological
18.
Psychological
19.
Sociological
20.
Developmental
ANS:
C
REF:
p. 100
OBJ: 6
17.
A subculture occurs in disorganized neighborhoods marked by
apathy, cynicism, helplessness, and distrust which is passed from one
generation to the next, creating a permanent underclass. This subculture is
called:
18.
Focal concerns
19.
Collective efficacy
20.
The culture of poverty
21.
The truly disadvantaged
ANS:
C
REF:
p.
101
OBJ: 6
18.
______ suggests that some people adopt the goals of society but
lack the means to attain them and will therefore seek alternatives, such as
crime.
19.
Strain theory
20.
Social learning theory
21.
Differential association theory
22.
Self-control theory
23.
ANS:
A
REF:
p. 103-104 OBJ: 6
19.
Which of the following was not one of the models of
adaptation that Robert Merton produced as part of his explanation of how anomie
can lead to crime?
20.
Innovation
21.
Rebellion
22.
Retreatism
23.
Toughness
ANS: D
REF:
p.
104
OBJ: 6
20.
Which of the following is an argument of Hirschi’s social
control theory?
21.
Delinquents are detached loners whose bond to friends has been
broken.
22.
Delinquents have the same friendship patterns as conventional
youth.
23.
There is a definitive reason why a person’s social bond is
weakened.
24.
Only females who are detached from their parents are at risk
from for gang involvement.
ANS:
A
REF:
p. 106
OBJ: 6
21.
The use of illegal means to achieve success in the absence of
legitimate means is an example of ______ in Merton’s theory of anomie.
22.
Innovation
23.
Retreatism
24.
Rebellion
25.
Conformity
ANS:
A
REF:
p.
104
OBJ: 6
22.
__________ view crime as a result of the rich and powerful’s
imposition of their own moral standards and economic interests on the rest of
society.
23.
Social control theorists
24.
Critical criminologists
25.
Latent trait theorists
26.
Social learning theorists
ANS:
B
REF:
p.
108
OBJ: 8
23.
______ theory is not a
type of developmental theory.
24.
Age-graded
25.
Life course
26.
Latent trait
27.
Social strain
ANS:
D
REF:
p. 110-111 OBJ: 9
24.
According to the views of latent trait theory, fluctuations in
offending rates are a result of:
25.
Varying criminal opportunities
26.
Varying diet and mineral intake
27.
Changes in the social bond
28.
Changes in one’s propensity to commit crime
ANS:
A
REF:
p. 110
OBJ: 9
25.
The general theory of crime suggests that differences between
individuals in the tendency to commit criminal acts stems from:
26.
The level of relative deprivation in their immediate environment
27.
Their level of self-control
28.
The perceived value of social injustice in the community
29.
Their tolerance for social strain
ANS:
B
REF:
p.
110
OBJ: 9
26.
According to Sampson and Laub, what are the two most critical
turning points in a criminal career?
27.
Marriage and employment
28.
Employment and imprisonment
29.
Children and imprisonment
30.
Victimization and social bonds
ANS:
A
REF:
p.
111
OBJ: 9
27.
When individuals provoke or encourage criminal behavior this is
referred to as:
28.
Latent trait activation
29.
Victim precipitation
30.
Lifestyle theory
31.
Cognitive abuse of the victim
ANS: B
REF:
p.
113
OBJ: 10
28.
According to lifestyle theories, who is least likely to
be a victim of crime?
29.
Someone who lives in a high-crime area
30.
Someone who spends time in public places
31.
Someone who goes out late at night
32.
Someone who is married and stays home at night
ANS:
D
REF:
p.
115
OBJ: 10
29.
What does lifestyle theory posit about victimization?
30.
The victim invariably precipitates their own victimization
31.
Victimization is a function of social strain and precipitation
32.
Crime is not a random event and the probability of a crime
occurring is dependent on the activities of the victim
33.
Victims are just as likely to become offenders as offenders are
to become victims
ANS:
C
REF:
p.
115
OBJ: 10
30.
Which of the following is not one of the three factors
linked to predatory crime rates in routine activities theory?
31.
Supply of motivated offenders
32.
Supply of suitable targets
33.
Absence of effective guardians for protection
34.
Extent of relative social deprivation
ANS:
D
REF:
p. 115-117 OBJ: 10
31.
According to the routine activities theory, police officers
would be considered:
32.
Capable guardians
33.
Suitable targets
34.
Motivated offender
35.
Capable targets
ANS: A
REF:
p. 115-117 OBJ: 10
32.
Which occurs when the victim exhibits some personal
characteristic that unintentionally threatens or encourages the attacker?
33.
Active precipitation
34.
Cursory precipitation
35.
Passive precipitation
36.
Solitary precipitation
ANS:
C
REF:
p.
114
OBJ: 10
33.
Which occurs when the victims used threats?
34.
Active precipitation
35.
Cursory precipitation
36.
Passive precipitation
37.
Solitary precipitation
ANS:
A
REF:
p.
113
OBJ: 10
34.
Which theory promotes that not all persistent offenders began
committing crime at an early age?
35.
Adolescent-limited theory
36.
Life-course persisters theory
37.
Routine activities theory
38.
Trajectory theory
ANS:
D
REF:
p. 113-114 OBJ : 9
35.
What is the process in which criminal behavior becomes embedded
because antisocial behavior erodes social ties that encourage conformity and
creates incentives to commit crime?
36.
Latent traits
37.
State organized
38.
State dependence
39.
Victim precipitation
ANS:
C
REF:
p. 111
OBJ: 9
36.
What age group is linked to the early onset of criminal
behavior?
37.
Toddlers
38.
Early adolescence
39.
Late teens
40.
Mid-twenties
ANS:
B
REF:
p. 110
OBJ: 9
37.
Which behavior is the biggest problem according to critical
criminologists?
38.
Burglary
39.
Racism
40.
Rape
41.
Robbery
ANS:
B
REF:
p. 108
OBJ: 8
38.
Which of the following is not considered a biosocial theory?
39.
Biochemical
40.
Neurological
41.
Personality
42.
Evolutionary
ANS:
C
REF: p. 92 OBJ: 3
39.
Excessive levels of ___________ have been linked to violence and
aggression.
40.
Estrogen
41.
Progesterone
42.
Serotonin
43.
Testosterone
ANS:
D
REF:
p. 93 OBJ: 3
40.
Research on twins indicates that:
41.
Criminal behavior of MZ twins is more similar than that of DZ
twins.
42.
Criminal behavior of DZ twins is more similar than that of MZ
twins.
43.
There is not difference when comparing the criminal behavior of
MZ and DZ twins.
44.
Very few MZ twins are involved in criminal behavior.
ANS:
A
REF:
p. 94
OBJ: 3
SCENARIO BASED
NARRBEGIN: CASE 3.1
Mary and Louise are both 15 years old. They were both
arrested and each charged with stealing a vehicle. Mary stole a car from
the teacher’s parking lot at her school. Louise stole her neighbor’s car
when she decided that she wanted to drive to go see her boyfriend. They
both meet with Mr. Brown, a juvenile probation officer, who is trying to recommend
whether or not they should be detained in a juvenile detention center prior to
the disposition of their cases. NARREND
41.
Mr. Brown meets with Mary first. He inquires about her
background and where she is from. Mary explains to Mr. Brown that she knows
that stealing a car is wrong but that she is frustrated that her parents do not
have enough money to buy her a car. When she saw a teacher’s nice car in
the parking lot she felt that she deserved to have it. Which theory would
explain Mary’s crime?
42.
Biochemical
43.
Genetic
44.
Psychodynamic
45.
Strain
ANS:
D
REF: p. 103-104
OBJ: 6
NARR: CASE 3.1
42.
According to the routine activities theory Mary would be
considered a:
43.
Motivated offender
44.
Suitable target
45.
Suitable offender
46.
Capable guardian
ANS:
A
REF: p. 115-116
OBJ: 10
NARR: CASE 3.1
43.
When Mr. Brown asks Mary if she thought twice about stealing the
car from the teacher’s parking lot she replied, “when I saw that the gate was
open and there was no security officer around, I had no fear of stealing the
car.” What situational crime prevention tactic could have prevented this crime
from occurring?
44.
Increase the effort needed to commit the crime
45.
Increase the risk of committing the crime
46.
Reduce the rewards for committing the crime
47.
Remove excuses
ANS:
A
REF: p. 87-88
OBJ: 3
NARR: CASE 3.1
44.
When Mr. Brown meets with Louise he asks her the same questions
he asked Mary about her background. Louise explains that she has been arrested
ten times before for various charges including drug possession, burglary, and
assault. Louise also explains that she has been diagnosed with ADHD and
learning disabilities and she does not always know why she does the things she
does. Which biosocial view of crime would best explain Louise’s behavior?
45.
Biochemical
46.
Neurological
47.
Genetic
48.
Precipitation
ANS:
B
REF: p. 92-95 OBJ: 3
NARR: CASE 3.1
45.
Louise also explains that she was diagnosed with a psychiatric
disorder. She cannot remember the name of the disorder. Mr. Brown is
waiting for her case file to see her diagnosis. Which of the following is
not a psychiatric disorder that Louise is likely to have?
46.
Oppositional defiant disorder
47.
Conduct disorder
48.
Alexithymia
49.
Strain disorder
ANS:
D
REF: p. 96-97 OBJ: 4
NARR: CASE 3.1
NARRBEGIN: CASE 3.2
Warden Smith supervises 2000 male inmates who are incarcerated
for various reasons including murder, rape, robbery, drugs, theft, arson,
etc…. He meets with every inmate who is sentenced to his prison. He
likes to get an understanding of where each inmate came from and how he can
possible help each inmate from returning to his institution once released.
NARREND
46.
Warden Smith meets Jamaal. He was sentenced to 20 years in
prison for armed robbery. Jamaal is argumentative and is a firm believer
that the criminal justice system is just a mechanism to control the poor.
He thinks that the government should be focusing on the crimes that the wealthy
commit and not those of the lower-class community. Jamaal would most
likely support which theory?
47.
Critical
48.
Social learning
49.
Psychodynamic
50.
Choice
ANS:
A
REF: p. 108
OBJ: 8
NARR: CASE 3.2
47.
Larry meets with Warden Smith. Larry has been to prison 3
previous times. He told Warden Smith that he has committed hundreds of
other crimes that he never got caught for. His current conviction is for
drug dealing. Larry was willing to take the chance in dealing drugs
because he was going to make over $100,000 for the transaction and he thought
the potential profit was worth the risk and the effort. Which theory
would most likely support why Larry committed his crime?
48.
Critical
49.
Social learning
50.
Psychodynamic
51.
Choice
ANS:
D
REF: p. 85
OBJ: 1
NARR: CASE 3.2
48.
Joey is in prison for attempted murder. He got into a fight at a
local bar with a man who he was drinking some beers with. The man made a
comment about Joey’s girlfriend and Joey just snapped and beat him until he was
unconscious. The man was in a coma for a few months before he woke
up. The man sustained permanent brain damage. Warden Smith asked
Joey why he did not just walk away from this man who commented about his
girlfriend. Joey explained to Warden Smith that he always saw his father
and uncles handle disagreements by fist-fighting. He says this is the
only way he knows how to settle disputes. Joey asks for help from Warden
Smith. What theory would explain Joey’s behavior?
49.
Critical
50.
Social learning
51.
Psychodynamic
52.
Choice
ANS:
B
REF: p. 98 OBJ:
7
NARR: CASE 3.2
49.
Warden Smith has met with thousands of inmates who have come
into his prison. He firmly believes that the majority of people who commit
crime do so because of social structure theories. Which of the following
is not considered a social structure theory?
50.
Social disorganization
51.
Social learning
52.
Strain
53.
Cultural deviance
ANS:
B
REF: p. 100-104
OBJ: 6
NARR: CASE 3.2
50.
Warden Smith also reviews the background and criminal history of
all offenders who enter his prison. He notices a common theme that many of his
inmates began offending at a very early age and they continued to offend well
into adulthood. These inmates are considered to be:
51.
Adolescent-limited offenders
52.
Active persisters
53.
Passive persisters
54.
Life-course persisters
ANS:
D
REF: p. 113
OBJ: 9
NARR: CASE 3.2
TRUE/FALSE
1. The
field of criminology is not concerned with the control of criminal behavior,
only its causes.
ANS:
F
REF: p.
84
OBJ: 1
2. Choice
theory is not applicable to violent crime as violent offenders do not exhibit
elements of rationality.
ANS:
F
REF:
p. 85
OBJ: 1
3. Target
hardening techniques are one element of situational crime prevention.
ANS:
T
REF:
p. 87
OBJ: 2
4. In
recent years there has been increased interest in the biology of crime,
including biochemical, neurological, evolutionary, and genetic concerns.
ANS:
T
REF:
p.
92
OBJ: 3
5. 80
percent of serious reported crimes do not result in an arrest.
ANS:
T
REF:
p. 89
6. There
is evidence that ADHD is related to dietary intake.
ANS:
T
REF:
p.
92
OBJ: 4
7. Many
experts dispute that an IQ-crime relationship exists.
ANS: T
REF:
p.
99
OBJ: 4
8. Disinhibition
is when adults are viewed as being rewarded for violence and when violence is
seen as socially acceptable.
ANS:
T
REF:
p. 96
OBJ: 4
9. Studies
show that high serotonin levels are linked with poor impulse control and
hyperactivity.
ANS:
F
REF:
p.
94
OBJ: 4
10.
The lack of capable guardians is a cornerstone of routine
activities theory.
ANS:
T
REF:
p.
115
OBJ: 10
11.
According to situational crime prevention, if punishment is
severe enough known criminals will never be tempted to repeat their offenses.
ANS:
F
REF:
p.
91
OBJ: 2
12.
Cesare Lombroso’s views on crime causation were discredited.
ANS:
T
REF:
p.
92
OBJ: 3
13.
Hypoglycemia occurs when blood glucose levels increase above the
levels necessary for normal and efficient brain functioning.
ANS:
F
REF:
p.
9
OBJ: 3
14.
Monozygotic twins are genetically identical.
ANS:
T
REF: p. 94
OBJ: 3
15.
The focus of neurological views of crime causation is twin and
sibling behavior.
ANS:
F
REF: p. 95
OBJ: 3
16.
Sigmund Freud is responsible for the development of the
psychodynamic theory of crime.
ANS:
T
REF: p. 95
OBJ: 4
17.
People suffering from conduct disorder have difficulty following
rules and behaving in a socially acceptable way.
ANS:
T
REF: p. 96
OBJ: 4
18.
Alexithymia is a disorder characterized by an inability to
concentrate, loss of appetite, and hopelessness.
ANS:
F
REF: p.
97
OBJ: 4
19.
Cognitive psychologists are concerned with the way people
perceive and mentally represent the wolrd in which they live.
ANS:
T
REF: p.
98
OBJ: 4
20.
According to social control theorists, society produces
criminals by stigmatizing certain individuals as deviant.
ANS:
F
REF: p. 107
OBJ: 7
COMPLETION
1. _________________
is a crime control approach that seeks to instill fear of criminal penalties in
the public.
ANS: General deterrence
REF: p.
88
OBJ: 2
2. The
terms “psychopath” and “sociopath” are commonly used to describe people who
have a (n) ___________.
ANS: antisocial personality
REF: p.
98-99
OBJ: 5
3. The
concept of ____________________ refers to the absence or weakness of rules and
social norms (normlessness) in any person or group.
ANS: anomie
REF: p.
100
OBJ: 6
4. The
concept of ____________________ refers to the frustration and inner conflict
experienced by people who believe that they cannot achieve their desires and
goals through legitimate means.
ANS: strain
REF: p.
103
OBJ: 6
5. ________
is the stratifications, classes, institutions, and groups that characterize a
society.
ANS: Social structure
REF: p.
100
OBJ: 6
6. ________
is the beginning of antisocial behavior during early adolescence, after which
criminal behavior is more likely to persist throughout the life span.
ANS: Early onset
REF: p.
110
OBJ: 9
7. According
to labeling theorists, the use of social or physical restraints such as
handcuffs, incarceration, or a criminal record are examples of
____________________ ceremonies, believed to leave a lasting impression on the
accused.
ANS: degradation
REF: p.
107
OBJ: 7
8. In
cohesive communities, _________ may develop. This is characterized by mutual
trust, a willingness to intervene in the supervision of children, and the
maintenance of public order.
ANS: collective efficacy
REF: p.
103
OBJ: 6
9. ____________________
theory views criminality as a dynamic process which is influenced by a variety
of individual characteristics, traits, and social experiences.
ANS: Life course
REF: p.
111
OBJ: 9
10.
According to Laub and Samson, “turning points” allow people to
build ____________________,which is the positive relations with individuals and
institutions that contribute to success.
ANS: social capital
REF: p.
112
OBJ: 9
11.
___________________ may be considered typical teenagers who get
into minor scrapes and engage in what might be considered rebellious teenage
behavior with their friends.
ANS: Adolscent-limited offenders
REF: p.
113
OBJ: 9
12.
Delinquents who begin their offending career at a very early age
and continue to offend into adulthood are known as ______________________.
ANS: life-course persisters
REF: p. 113
OBJ: 9
13.
The role of the victim in provoking or encouraging criminal
behavior is known as _______________.
ANS: victim precipitation
REF: p.
113-114
OBJ: 10
14.
The major premise of ___________________ theory is that crime is
a function of diet, vitamin intake, hormonal imbalance, or food allergies.
ANS: biochemical
REF: p.
92-93
OBJ: 3
15.
_______________are chemical compounds that influence or activate
brain functions.
ANS: Neurotransmitters
REF: p.
93
OBJ: 3
ESSAY
1. Why
do some experts believe that crime is rational?
ANS: answers will vary
REF:
p.
85-86
OBJ: 1
2. There
are six tactics of situational crime prevention. Which do you think is the most
effective and why.
ANS: answers will
vary
REF:
p.
88-89
OBJ: 2
3. Compare
and contrast general and specific deterrence. Do you think that today’s laws
deter individuals from committing crimes? Support your answer.
ANS: answers will vary
REF: p. 89-90
OBJ: 2
4. Who
was Cesare Lombroso and what did he believe were the causes of crime?
ANS: answers will
vary
REF: p.
92
OBJ: 3
5. How
do scientists test to see if crime is genetic? What does the current research
show?
ANS: answers will
vary
q
REF: p.
94
OBJ: 3
6. Explain
the psychodynamic theory of crime.
ANS: answers will vary
REF: p. 95-96
OBJ: 4
7. Discuss
two disorders that have been linked to antisocial youth.
ANS: answers will vary
REF: p.
97-98
OBJ: 4
8. What
are some of the criticisms in linking IQ to crime?
ANS: answers will vary
REF:
p.
99-100
OBJ: 4
9. Compare
and contrast the various social structure theories of crime.
ANS: answers will
vary
REF: p. 100-104 OBJ:
6
10.
Which theory do you believe best explains the majority of
criminal behavior and why.
ANS: answers will vary REF: p.
82-117
OBJ:
1-10
Chapter 5—Public Policing and Private Security
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. What
arrangement in early English society required that every person in a village be
responsible for protecting the settlement from thieves?
2. The
runner system
3. Community
policing
4. The
pledge system
5. The
watch system
ANS: C
REF: p. 158
OBJ: 1
2. The
_____ was created in 1326 under the watch system of policing to assist the
shire reeve in controlling the county?
3. Deputy
position
4. Constable
position
5. Bobbie
position
6. Justice
of the peace
ANS:
D
REF: p.
158
OBJ: 1
3. What
was the name of the organized private police that patrolled 18th century
England?
4. Constables
5. Shire
reeves
6. Bobbies
7. Thief
takers
ANS: D
REF: p. 158-159 OBJ: 1
4. When
was the Metropolitan Police Act passed through Parliament?
5. 1229
6. 1429
7. 1629
8. 1829
ANS:
D
REF: p.
159
OBJ: 1
5. English
police officers are known as bobbies because:
6. The
tails of the horses they rode were cut short (bobbed).
7. Sir
Robert (Bobbie) Peel was responsible for their creation.
8. The
first name Robert and its accompanying nickname Bobbie were extremely common among
the first generation of English police.
9. They
were paid in shillings, for which the slang term was “bob.”
ANS:
B
REF: p. 159
OBJ: 1
6. Which
of the following was not one
of Sir Robert Peel’s nine principles of policing?
7. The
basic mission for which the police exist is to make arrests and aid in
convictions.
8. The
ability of the police to perform their duties is dependent on public approval
of police actions.
9. Police
must secure the willing cooperation of the public in voluntary observance of
the law in order to secure and maintain public respect.
10.
Police preserve public favor by constantly demonstrating
absolute impartial service to the law.
ANS:
A
REF: p.
160
OBJ: 2
7. The
first technological breakthrough in policing came in the area of:
8. Transportation
9. Communication
10.
Regulation
11.
Administration
ANS:
B
REF: p.
162
OBJ: 2
8. How
did police reformer August Vollmer contribute to police professionalism?
9. Instituting
university training for young officers.
10.
Establishing the first formal police academy in the U.S.
11.
Becoming the first President of the IACP.
12.
Creating the first SWAT team.
ANS:
A
REF: p.
163
OBJ: 3
9. The
_______________ was created in 1929 by President Herbert Hoover to study the
U.S. criminal justice system and make recommendations for improvement.
10.
Criminal Justice Institute
11.
National Institute of Justice
12.
Law Enforcement Assistance Administration
13.
Wickersham Commission
ANS:
D
REF: p.
163
OBJ: 3
10.
The defining event that helped shape police reforms in the 1990s
was the:
11.
Creation of the International Association of Chiefs of Police.
12.
Creation of the Law Enforcement Assistance Administration.
13.
Growth of police unions.
14.
Beating of Rodney King.
ANS:
D
REF: p.
165
OBJ: 4
11.
Which federal law enforcement agency has unlimited jurisdiction?
12.
CIA
13.
DEA
14.
S. Justice Department
15.
No single federal agency has unlimited jurisdiction
ANS:
D
REF: p.
166
OBJ: 5
12.
Who heads the U.S. Department of Justice?
13.
S. Attorney General
14.
Secretary of the Treasury
15.
Chief Justice of the Supreme Court
16.
Secretary of State
ANS: A
REF: p.
166
OBJ: 6
13.
Which of the following is false regarding the FBI?
14.
It maintains liaison offices in other countries.
15.
It is an investigative agency rather than a police agency.
16.
It has jurisdiction over all federal and state laws.
17.
It was under the direction of J. Edgar Hoover from 1924 until
his death in 1972.
ANS:
C
REF: p. 166
OBJ: 6
14.
Under its reformulated priorities, the FBI’s primary objective
is to protect the:
15.
Civil rights of those residing in the United States.
16.
Businesses in the U.S. from infiltration by organized crime.
17.
S. against espionage.
18.
S. from terrorist attacks.
ANS:
D
REF: p. 167-168
OBJ: 6
15.
What federal agency is responsible for the transporting of
federal prisoners?
16.
S. Marshals
17.
FBI
18.
Department of Homeland Security
19.
Secret Service
ANS:
A
REF: p. 169
OBJ: 6
16.
What federal agency enforces the Gun Control Act of 1968 and the
Organized Crime Control Act of 1970?
17.
ATF
18.
FBI
19.
DHS
20.
Secret Service
ANS:
A
REF: p. 168
OBJ: 6
17.
Which is the oldest federal law enforcement agency?
18.
S. Marshals
19.
FBI
20.
DHS
21.
IRS
ANS:
A
REF: p. 168
OBJ:
6
18.
Which of the following is an agency within the Department of
Homeland Security?
19.
CBP
20.
FBI
21.
S. Marshals
22.
ATF
ANS:
A
REF: p. 169-170 OBJ: 6
19.
Which state formed the first statewide police agency in 1835?
20.
Massachusetts
21.
Pennsylvania
22.
Texas
23.
Arizona
ANS:
C
REF: p. 170
OBJ: 7
20.
Which of the following is not a branch of the Department of
Homeland Security?
21.
Customs and Border Protection
22.
Department of Justice
23.
Immigration and Customs Enforcement
24.
S. Secret Service
ANS: B
REF: p. 169-170 OBJ: 6
21.
Which of the following is not a mission of the U.S. Secret
Service?
22.
Investigate counterfeiting and other financial crimes, including
financial institution fraud, identity theft and computer fraud.
23.
Investigate threats against protected officials.
24.
Protect the President and Vice-President.
25.
Conduct and coordinate international investigations involving
transnational criminal organizations responsible for the illegal movement of
people, goods, and technology into and out of the U.S.
ANS:
D
REF: p.
170
OBJ: 6
22.
______ police make up the majority of the nation’s authorized
law enforcement personnel.
23.
Local
24.
County
25.
State
26.
Federal
ANS:
A
REF: p.
173
OBJ: 7
23.
The role of ______ law enforcement evolved from that of the
early English shire reeve, whose primary duty was to assist the royal judges in
trying prisoners and enforcing sentences.
24.
Local
25.
County
26.
State
27.
Federal
ANS:
B
REF: p.
172
OBJ: 7
24.
What term is used to describe the use of computer software to
conduct analysis of behavioral patterns in an effort to link open cases to
known perpetrators?
25.
Crime mapping
26.
CODIS
27.
Data mining
28.
Systems analysis
ANS:
C
REF: p.
182
OBJ: 9
25.
Which of the following is not an advantage of
high-definition surveying?
26.
Investigators can maneuver every piece of evidence.
27.
The perspective of the crime scene can be manipulated.
28.
Crime scene contamination is limited.
29.
It relies on photographic evidence and two-dimensional drawings.
ANS:
D
REF: p.
184
OBJ: 9
26.
Chicago’s CLEARMAP program is an example of which type of crime
fighting technology?
27.
Biometrics
28.
Criminal identification
29.
Crime mapping
30.
DNA testing
ANS: C
REF: p.
184
OBJ: 9
27.
AFIS is a (n):
28.
National database of DNA records.
29.
Computerized fingerprint system.
30.
Automated stolen vehicle database.
31.
Continually updating fugitive identification system.
ANS:
B
REF: p.
186
OBJ: 9
28.
Which of the following statements regarding the use of DNA in
criminal cases is false?
29.
DNA profiling allows suspects to be identified on the basis of
genetic material.
30.
Every U.S. state maintains a DNA database of convicted
offenders.
31.
The United States is the only country with a DNA database.
32.
DNA fingerprinting is used as evidence in criminal trials in
many states.
ANS:
C
REF: p. 187
OBJ: 9
29.
Which of the following is false about Gunshot Location Systems?
30.
This system uses sensors to determine the direction from which
the sound came, and can triangulate and determine the exact location where the
gunshots were fired.
31.
This technology is known to deter criminals.
32.
An advantage of this technology is rapid response by police.
33.
A limitation of this technology is its high cost.
ANS:
B
REF: p. 182-183 OBJ:
9
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