Introduction to Behavioral Research Methods 7th Edition By Mark R. Leary – Test Bank
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Sample
Questions
TB_Leary_Chapter 4
Key: Answer, Type, Learning Objective, Level
Type
A=Applied
C=Conceptual
F=Factual
Level
(1)=Easy; (2)=Moderate; (3)=Difficult
TB_Leary_Chapter 4
Multiple Choice Single Select
M/C Question 1
The observation of behavior in settings that are arranged specifically for
observing and recording behavior is called ______ observation.
1. a) participant
2. b)
contrived
3. c)
contaminated
4. d)
naturalistic
ANS: b
M/C Question 2
Contrived observation is essentially the opposite of ___________ observation.
1. a)
participant
2. b)
reactive
3. c)
contaminated
4. d)
naturalistic
ANS: d
M/C Question 3
Disguised observation is used to counteract the problem of
1. a)
error variance.
2. b)
naturalistic observation.
3. c)
participant observation.
4. d)
reactivity.
ANS: d
M/C Question 4
Reactive behaviors
1. a)
change when people know they are being observed.
2. b)
are people’s natural reactions.
3. c)
must be measured using physiological methods.
4. d)
are a problem with nonhuman, but not human, participants.
ANS: a
M/C Question 5
A researcher who asks parents to report on the behavior of their children is
using
1. a)
an observational measure.
2. b)
indicants.
3. c)
self-reports.
4. d)
knowledgeable informants.
ANS: d
M/C Question 6
To measure the use of computer terminals located in different areas of the
library, a researcher installs a program to measure the amount of time each
terminal is actively used. This is an example of a(n) ________ measure.
1. a)
unreliable
2. b)
unobtrusive
3. c)
physiological
4. d)
undisguised
ANS: b
M/C Question 7
Which of the following is an unobtrusive measure of people’s interest in a
particular exhibit in a museum?
1. a)
Interviewing them about their interest
2. b)
A self-report questionnaire
3. c)
Fingerprints on the glass case of the exhibit
4. d)
Heart rate while looking at the exhibit
ANS: c
M/C Question 8
In the dyadic interaction paradigm,
1. a)
participants are video-recorded without their knowledge.
2. b)
the researcher pretends to be another participant.
3. c)
interactions between participants are observed through a one-way mirror.
4. d)
participants are tested one at a time.
ANS: a
M/C Question 9
A full description of everything a participant says and does is called a
1. a)
narrative record.
2. b)
content analysis.
3. c)
diary.
4. d)
tally sheet.
ANS: a
M/C Question 10
A researcher who indicates on a sheet each time a behavior occurs is using a(n)
1. a)
observational diary.
2. b)
narrative record.
3. c)
observational rating scale.
4. d)
checklist.
ANS: d
M/C Question 11
Reaction time is a measure of
1. a)
duration.
2. b)
latency.
3. c)
task completion time.
4. d)
intensity.
ANS: b
M/C Question 12
A researcher who measures how long participants will keep their arms immersed
in ice water is using a measure of
1. a)
latency.
2. b)
duration.
3. c)
reaction time.
4. d)
interbehavior latency.
ANS: b
M/C Question 13
When they use observational measures, researchers usually examine
1. a)
interitem reliability.
2. b)
interrater reliability.
3. c)
duration.
4. d)
acquiescence.
ANS: b
M/C Question 14
Measures of events that occur in the brain and other parts of the nervous
system are called ________ measures.
1. a)
cerebral
2. b)
anatomical
3. c)
operational
4. d)
physiological
ANS: d
M/C Question 15
Questionnaire is to interview as _________ is to
1. a)
reliable; valid.
2. b)
interrater; interitem.
3. c)
written; oral.
4. d) question;
answer.
ANS: c
M/C Question 16
Why is the question “How much do you like English and math?” not a good one to
use in an interview with students?
1. a)
Conditional information follows the key idea of the question.
2. b)
It is double-barreled.
3. c) The
response format is inappropriate.
4. d)
It is not reliable.
ANS: b
M/C Question 17
True-false questions are most appropriate for
1. a)
asking whether an event or experience occurred.
2. b)
measuring self-reported feelings.
3. c)
assessing attitudes.
4. d)
asking questions about the frequency of a behavior.
ANS: a
M/C Question 18
Participants in a study were asked to rate their mood on the following scale:
Pleasant :_____:_____:_____:_____:_____:_____:_____: Unpleasant
This item used a
1. a) fixed-alternative
response format.
2. b)
Likert scale.
3. c)
frequency rating.
4. d)
bipolar adjective scale.
ANS: d
M/C Question 19
When researchers use self-report diaries to obtain information about people,
1. a)
participants allow researchers to study their personal diaries and
journals.
2. b)
researchers keep track of what their participants do each day.
3. c)
participants record information about their lives on a daily basis.
4. d)
participants reveal their innermost thoughts and feelings.
ANS: c
M/C Question 20
An interview schedule
1. a)
is needed only for long interviews.
2. b)
displays the times at which particular individuals are to be interviewed.
3. c)
is developed as each interview proceeds.
4. d)
presents the questions to be asked during an interview.
ANS: d
M/C Question 21
Which of the following is not good advice for an interviewer?
1. a)
Appear to be interested in the respondent’s answers.
2. b)
Reword questions for different respondents.
3. c)
Conceal your own reactions to the respondent’s answers.
4. d)
Ask questions in a logical sequence.
ANS: b
M/C Question 22
Which of the following is not an
advantage of interviews over questionnaires?
1. a)
Better for illiterate respondents
2. b)
Less expensive to administer
3. c)
Can explore more complex issues
4. d)
Ensures respondents understand the questions
ANS: b
M/C Question 23
Which of the following is not an advantage of questionnaires over interviews?
1. a)
Easier to administer
2. b)
Anonymity can be guaranteed
3. c)
Less time required to train researchers
4. d)
Provides more valid responses
ANS: d
M/C Question 24
The social desirability response bias is
1. a)
a problem in all research on human beings.
2. b)
reduced when participants’ responses are anonymous.
3. c)
not a problem in observational studies.
4. d)
the tendency for researchers to treat certain participants more
positively.
ANS: b
M/C Question 25
Acquiescence is to ________ as nay-saying is to
1. a)
agreement; disagreement.
2. b)
participation; nonparticipation.
3. c)
desirable; undesirable.
4. d)
false; true.
ANS: a
M/C Question 26
A researcher who collects data from existing records and documents is probably
conducting
1. a)
interviews.
2. b)
archival research.
3. c)
diary research.
4. d)
a content analysis.
ANS: b
M/C Question 27
Which of the following is least likely be a source of data for archival
research?
1. a)
Newspaper articles
2. b)
Medical records
3. c)
Responses to interview questions
4. d)
Personal letters
ANS: c
M/C Question 28
When would you conduct a content analysis?
1. a)
To measure the contents of a participant’s personality
2. b)
To quantify written or spoken text
3. c)
To integrate the results of several studies on the same topic
4. d)
To study the contents of people’s daily lives
ANS: b
M/C Question 29
Which of the following is most important to a researcher who conducts a content
analysis?
1. a)
Interrater reliability
2. b)
Interitem reliability
3. c)
Content reliability
4. d)
Test-retest reliability
ANS: a
M/C Question 30
Having coders practice a textual coding system in advance helps to improve
1. a)
content reliability.
2. b)
test-retest reliability.
3. c)
interitem reliability.
4. d)
interrater reliability.
ANS: d
Essay
Essay Question 31
What is participant observation? Give an example of when it might be used.
Essay Question 32
Distinguish between disguised and undisguised observation.
Essay Question 33
Why are researchers concerned about whether the behaviors they study might be
reactive?
Essay Question 34
Why do researchers sometimes use knowledgeable informants?
Essay Question 35
Describe the dyadic interaction paradigm.
Essay Question 36
What is the difference between narrative records and field notes?
Essay Question 37
What is the difference between a measure of duration and a measure of latency?
Give an example of each.
Essay Question 38
What type of reliability is most important in observational research?
Essay Question 39
Describe three types of physiological measures, and give an example of each
type.
Essay Question 40
Give four recommendations for writing good questions for use in questionnaires
or interviews.
Essay Question 41
Discuss the issue of how many response options to offer respondents on a
questionnaire.
Essay Question 42
What is a diary methodology?
Essay Question 43
Give four recommendations for effective interviewing.
Essay Question 44
Describe two ways in which researchers can reduce the likelihood that their
data will be contaminated by the social desirability response bias.
Essay Question 45
What is a multi-item scale?
Essay Question 46
What is archival research? Give three examples.
Essay Question 47
Describe the steps you would go through to conduct a content analysis.
Essay Question 48
Why is it important for researchers to have precise operational definitions of
behaviors in observational studies?
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