Inquiry Into Life 15Th Edition By Sylvia Mader – Test Bank

 

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Sample Test

Chapter 03

Cell Structure and Function

 

 

Multiple Choice Questions

1.   Which of the following is not true concerning the cell theory?
A. Virchow asserted that all cells come from preexisting cells.
B.  Schleiden determined that all plants are made of cells.
C.  Schwann researched animal tissues and discovered that they were all made of cells.
D.  Hooke observed the cells of cork.
E.  Leeuwenhoek first used the term “cells.”

All of the statements are true except Hooke, not Leeuwenhoek, was the first to use the term “cells” because the tiny chambers he observed in cork reminded him of the rooms, or cells, in a monastery.

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 03.01.02 List the basic principles of the cell theory.
Section: 03.01
Topic: Cell Theory

2.   According to cell theory
A. all organisms are composed of tissues.
B.  the smallest unit of life is a nucleus.
C.  animals but not plants are composed of cells.
D.  a multicellular organism is composed of many cells.
E.  new cells arise only from preexisting cells.

Cell theory states that all organisms are made up of basic living units called cells, and that all cells come only from previously existing cells.  While multicellular organisms are composed of many cells, this is not part of cell theory.  Some organisms are single celled, the smallest unit of life is a cell, and both animals and plants are composed of cells.

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 03.01.02 List the basic principles of the cell theory.
Section: 03.01
Topic: Cell Theory

 

 

3.   The body of a slime mold that flows over a rotten log appears to lack any partitioning into distinct cells; however it does become cellular when it changes form and produces spores. The surfaces of parasitic flatworms and some insect tissues are “syncytial” layers of living material that developed from a single cell but now contains many nuclei but lack partitioning by cell membranes. These tissues actively consume food and produce wastes. Considering that the cell theory states that “all living things are composed of cells,” then
A. these tissues are not living because they violate the cell theory.
B.  this proves some vital force is involved beyond normal cell structures in order to give life to living organisms.
C.  these tissues are obviously a bridge between nonliving and primitive living cells.
D.  the general concept of life-is-cellular still holds since sometime in their life these organisms still utilize cells, but this shows cell membranes can be abandoned.
E.  this demonstrates that cell membranes are a necessity to be classified as a living cell.

These organisms are living and were once composed of cells, even if the internal membranes between cells have been done away with.  Since these organisms exhibit other characteristics of living cells, they are not nonliving, nor do they do not form a bridge between nonliving and living.  Since they were once cells, no other vital force needs to be implicated.  Since these cells do not have complete cell membranes, cell membranes are not a necessity to be classified as living.

 

Bloom’s Level: 5. Evaluate
Learning Outcome: 03.01.01 Explain why cells are the basic unit of life.
Section: 03.01
Topic: Cell Theory

 

 

4.   The cell theory states
A. all organisms are composed of only one cell.
B.  organelles are the basic living unit of structure and function of organisms.
C.  all cells come only from other cells.
D.  all organisms are composed of only one cell AND organelles are the basic living unit of structure and function of organisms.
E.  all multicellular organisms are unicellular at some point in their life cycle.

Cell theory states that all organisms are made up of basic living units called cells, and that all cells come only from previously existing cells.  Many living organisms are multicellular and cells, not organelles, are the basic living unit.  Whereas all multicellular organisms may begin as a unicellular organism at some point in their life cycle, this is not part of cell theory.

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 03.01.02 List the basic principles of the cell theory.
Section: 03.01
Topic: Cell Theory

5.   Surface-area-to-volume ratios indicate
A. cells must exceed a certain minimum size.
B.  as cells get larger, their surface area actually decreases.
C.  that the largest cells have a less proportionate need for food intake and waste removal.
D.  a chicken egg is one cell thus demonstrating the upper limit for metabolizing cell size.
E.  as cells get larger, their surface area gets larger but at a slower rate than the volume increases.

As a cell increases in size, the volume increases by the cube of the sides, while the surface area increases by the square of the sides.  Therefore, the surface area increases but at a slower rate than the volume increases.  There is no minimum cell size and large cells still need surface area for food intake and waste removal.  A chicken egg is one cell, but it is not actively metabolizing.  It divides into many smaller cells before it begins to metabolize.

 

Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 03.01.03 Explain the difference between the surface-area-to-volume ratios for large and small cells.
Section: 03.01
Topic: Cell Theory

 

 

6.   Compared with a eukaryotic cell, a prokaryotic cell
A. lacks organelles beyond ribosomes.
B.  is larger.
C.  does not require energy.
D.  is not living.
E.  has no method of movement.

A prokaryotic cell lacks membrane bounded organelles.  It does have ribosomes.  Prokaryotic cells are smaller than eukaryotic cells and do require energy.  Prokaryotic cells are living and many have methods of movement.

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 03.02.01 Describe the fundamental components of a bacterial cell.
Section: 03.02
Topic: Prokaryote Structure

7.   Circulating red blood cells in your body do not contain a nucleus and other organelles.  Are these cells living?
A. Yes, because they are actively metabolizing and once contained organelles.
B.  Yes, because they are capable of moving throughout the body in the circulation.
C.  No, because they do not contain a nucleus, they cannot be living.
D.  No, because red blood cells do not actively metabolize.
E.  No, because they are now only part of a once living cell.

Red blood cells are living because they actively metabolize.  The organelles were lost in the maturation process and thus, red blood cells are fairly short lived.  Red blood cells do move but that is not why they are considered living.

 

Bloom’s Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 03.03.02 Identify the cellular structures unique to both plant and animal cells.
Section: 03.03
Topic: Eukaryote Structure

 

 

8.   An agent would make a good antibiotic if it affected a structure or process only found in bacterial cells and not in our (eukaryotic) cells. Which of the following actions would theoretically make a good antibiotic?
A. prevents repair of the peptidoglycan cell wall
B.  damages the nuclear membrane
C.  damages DNA
D.  prevents ribosomes from producing proteins
E.  stops cellular respiration

Only prokaryotic cells have a peptidoglycan cell wall.  Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have a nuclear membrane, DNA, ribosomes, and cellular respiration.

 

Bloom’s Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 03.02.01 Describe the fundamental components of a bacterial cell.
Section: 03.02
Topic: Prokaryote Structure

9.   Which of the following is a prokaryotic cell?
A. plant cell
B.  liver cell
C.  muscle cell
D.  paramecium
E.  bacterium

Only a bacterium is a prokaryotic cell.  Plants, animals (liver and muscle), and paramecia are all eukaryotes.

 

Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 03.02.02 Identify the key differences between the archaea and bacteria.
Section: 03.02
Topic: Prokaryote Structure

 

 

10.                Which structure regulates passage of molecules into and out of the bacterial cell?
A. plasma membrane
B.  nucleus
C.  mitochondria
D.  chloroplast
E.  flagella

The plasma membrane is the boundary that separates the living contents of the cell from the nonliving surrounding environment.  Nuclei, mitochondria, and chloroplasts are organelles within the eukaryotic cell.  While flagella are on the surface of the cell, they do not regulate the passage of molecules into and out of the cell.

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 03.02.01 Describe the fundamental components of a bacterial cell.
Section: 03.02
Topic: Prokaryote Structure

11.                In moving from the outside environment to the inside of a bacterium, the first layer encountered would be
A. the nucleus.
B.  the capsule.
C.  the cell wall.
D.  the cell membrane.
E.  the DNA.

Bacteria are often surrounded by a capsule or slime layer.  This covers the cell wall which is outside of the cell membrane.  The DNA is internal to the cell.  Prokaryotes do not have a nucleus.

 

Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 03.02.01 Describe the fundamental components of a bacterial cell.
Section: 03.02
Topic: Prokaryote Structure

 

 

12.                Considering that minute differences in organelle structure are enough to provide selective toxicity, which of the following cell organelles would be a good target for an antibiotic so it doesn’t attack your cells?
A. plasma membrane
B.  DNA
C.  ribosomes
D.  cytoplasm
E.  endoplasmic reticulum

Prokaryotic ribosomes are smaller and structurally different from eukaryotic ribosomes so they make a good target for antibiotics.  The plasma membrane, DNA, and cytoplasm of a bacterial cell are very similar to that of a eukaryotic cell.  Prokaryotic cells do not have an endoplasmic reticulum.

 

Bloom’s Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 03.02.01 Describe the fundamental components of a bacterial cell.
Section: 03.02
Topic: Prokaryote Structure

13.                A researcher samples the waters of the boiling hot springs in Yellowstone National Park.  Under the microscope, she observes what appear to be living cells in the water.  If these indeed are living cells, what type of cell would they most likely be?
A. eukaryotic, animal
B.  eukaryotic, plant
C.  eukaryotic, fungi
D.  prokaryotic, archaea
E.  prokaryotic, bacteria

Archaea are able to live in water temperatures above boiling.  None of the other cell types are capable of living in such extreme conditions.

 

Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 03.02.02 Identify the key differences between the archaea and bacteria.
Section: 03.02
Topic: Prokaryote Structure

 

 

14.                Within eukaryotic cells, the ____ is surrounded by a double membrane and carries the coding that determines protein synthesis.
A. smooth endoplasmic reticulum
B.  chloroplast
C.  nucleolus
D.  nucleus
E.  rough endoplasmic reticulum

The nucleus is surrounded by a double membrane and contains the DNA with the code for protein synthesis.  None of the others either contain DNA or are surrounded by a double membrane.

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 03.03.01 Recognize the structure and function of the organelles within eukaryotic cells.
Section: 03.03
Topic: Eukaryote Structure

15.                Which nuclear structure(s) contain(s) the hereditary material?
A. nuclear envelope
B.  chloroplasts
C.  chromatin
D.  nucleoplasm
E.  mitochondria

Chromatin, housed within the nucleus, is composed of DNA and proteins and thus contains the hereditary structure.  While the nuclear envelope and nucleoplasm are part of the nucleus, they do not contain DNA.  The chloroplasts and mitochondria are not located within the nucleus.

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 03.03.01 Recognize the structure and function of the organelles within eukaryotic cells.
Section: 03.03
Topic: Eukaryote Structure

 

 

16.                The nucleolus
A.contains RNA and is found in the nucleus.
B. contains DNA and is found in the nucleus.
C. contains RNA and is found in the cytoplasm.
D. contains DNA and is found in the cytoplasm.
E. contains ribosome subunits and is found in the cytoplasm.

The nucleolus contains ribosomal RNA and is found inside the nucleus.

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 03.03.01 Recognize the structure and function of the organelles within eukaryotic cells.
Section: 03.03
Topic: Organelles

17.                Which of the following structures are NOT found in the cytoplasm?
A. mitochondria
B.  chloroplast
C.  chromosomes
D.  nucleus
E.  lysosome

Chromosomes are found within the nucleus.  Each of the others is found within the cytoplasm.

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 03.03.01 Recognize the structure and function of the organelles within eukaryotic cells.
Section: 03.03
Topic: Organelles

 

 

18.                Which eukaryotic organelle is the largest?
A. ribosome
B.  nucleus
C.  cytoskeleton
D.  mitochondria
E.  Golgi apparatus

The nucleus is the largest of the organelles listed here.

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 03.03.01 Recognize the structure and function of the organelles within eukaryotic cells.
Section: 03.03
Topic: Organelles

 

 

19.                What evidence would not suggest that the fluid in the nucleus is different from the cytoplasm?
A. There is a pH difference between the two fluids.
B.  The nuclear membrane encloses the nucleoplasm.
C.  Nuclear pores only permit passage of certain molecules into and out of the nucleus.
D.  Cytoplasm and nucleoplasm both flow freely into and out of the nucleus.
E.  Electron microscopy reveals nonmembranous components associated with the nuclear pores.

If the cytoplasm and nucleoplasm freely mixed, there would not be differences between them.  The other choices suggest a compartmentalization of the nucleoplasm from the cytoplasm which allows the two to be different.

 

Bloom’s Level: 4. Analyze
Learning Outcome: 03.03.01 Recognize the structure and function of the organelles within eukaryotic cells.
Section: 03.03
Topic: Eukaryote Structure

20.                Ribosomal RNA is produced in the
A. nucleolus.
B.  Golgi apparatus.
C.  ribosomes.
D.  rough endoplasmic reticulum.
E.  smooth endoplasmic reticulum.

Ribosomal RNA is made within the nucleolus.  Ribosomes contain rRNA and the rough endoplasmic reticulum contains ribosomes but the rRNA is made in those structures, not in the Golgi apparatus or the smooth ER.

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 03.03.01 Recognize the structure and function of the organelles within eukaryotic cells.
Section: 03.03
Topic: Organelles

 

 

21.                Ribosomes are composed of
A. DNA and RNA.
B.  DNA and protein.
C.  only protein.
D.  RNA and protein.
E.  only DNA.

Ribosomes are composed of both ribosomal RNA and proteins.

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 03.03.01 Recognize the structure and function of the organelles within eukaryotic cells.
Section: 03.03
Topic: Organelles

22.                If a cell lacked ribosomes, it would NOT be able to
A. form a spindle apparatus.
B.  synthesize proteins.
C.  respire.
D.  hydrolyze fat.
E.  form a Golgi vesicle.

Ribosomes are responsible for the synthesis of proteins using messenger RNA as a template.  Other organelles are associated with the remaining functions listed.

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 03.03.01 Recognize the structure and function of the organelles within eukaryotic cells.
Section: 03.03
Topic: Organelles

 

 

23.                Which cellular structure is responsible for packaging materials with the cell?
A. mitochondria
B.  chloroplasts
C.  Golgi apparatus
D.  ribosomes
E.  lysosomes

The Golgi apparatus collects, sorts, packages, and distributes materials such as proteins and lipids.  The other organelles are involved in different functions.

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 03.03.01 Recognize the structure and function of the organelles within eukaryotic cells.
Section: 03.03
Topic: Organelles

24.                Proteins are processed and modified in the interior of the
A. mitochondria.
B.  nucleus.
C.  chloroplasts.
D.  rough endoplasmic reticulum.
E.  smooth endoplasmic reticulum.

The processing and modification of proteins occurs in the interior of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER).  The other organelles are associated with different functions.

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 03.03.01 Recognize the structure and function of the organelles within eukaryotic cells.
Section: 03.03
Topic: Organelles

 

 

25.                What evidence suggests that proteins are synthesized and modified in the rough ER as opposed to the smooth ER?
A. Ribosomes are associated with the surface of the rough ER.
B.  Ribosomes are associated with the surface of the smooth ER.
C.  The smooth ER functions in the synthesis of phospholipids.
D.  The smooth ER functions in the synthesis of phospholipids.
E.  Smooth ER is continuous with rough ER.

Since ribosomes are associated with protein synthesis and the rough ER is studded with ribosomes, this suggests a link between these.  The surface of the smooth ER is not studded with ribosomes.  The other statements are true but are not evidence to support the role of the rough ER in protein synthesis and modification.

 

Bloom’s Level: 4. Analyze
Learning Outcome: 03.03.01 Recognize the structure and function of the organelles within eukaryotic cells.
Section: 03.03
Topic: Organelles

26.                Which of the following would be a way of finishing this hypothesis about the function of the Golgi apparatus? If the Golgi apparatus is involved in packaging products for secretion, then
A. vesicles must travel from the Golgi to the cell surface.
B.  vesicles must travel from the rough ER and smooth ER to the Golgi apparatus.
C.  the Golgi apparatus must be part of the endomembrane system.
D.  the Golgi apparatus must consist of 3 to 20 slightly curved sacs.
E.  the Golgi apparatus would contain proteins.

In order to be secretory, vesicles must travel from the Golgi to the cell surface.  Although vesicles do travel from the rough ER and smooth ER to the Golgi apparatus, this does not apply to secretion, only to intracellular transport.  The Golgi apparatus is part of the endomembrane system, does consist of 3-20 slightly curved sacs, and does contain proteins, but none of these apply to a secretory function.

 

Bloom’s Level: 5. Evaluate
Learning Outcome: 03.03.01 Recognize the structure and function of the organelles within eukaryotic cells.
Section: 03.03
Topic: Organelles

 

 

27.                If an active cell produces an important protein for secretion, what is the correct sequence of organelles that are involved in the production of the protein?
A. endoplasmic reticulum-to-ribosomes-to-Golgi apparatus
B.  ribosomes-to-endoplasmic reticulum-to-Golgi apparatus
C.  endoplasmic reticulum-to-Golgi apparatus-to-ribosomes
D.  Golgi apparatus-to-endoplasmic reticulum-to-ribosomes
E.  ribosomes-to-Golgi apparatus-to-endoplasmic reticulum

The protein must be made on ribosomes, processed in the endoplasmic reticulum, and then packaged into vesicles sent to the Golgi apparatus.

 

Bloom’s Level: 4. Analyze
Learning Outcome: 03.03.01 Recognize the structure and function of the organelles within eukaryotic cells.
Section: 03.03
Topic: Organelles

28.                Tissues that produce large amounts of secretions, such as the gastric glands of the stomach, contain cells with large numbers of
A. lysosomes.
B.  nucleoli.
C.  centrioles.
D.  mitochondria.
E.  Golgi apparati.

Golgi apparati are involved in the transportation of proteins/lipids for secretion.  The other organelles are involved with different functions.

 

Bloom’s Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 03.03.01 Recognize the structure and function of the organelles within eukaryotic cells.
Section: 03.03
Topic: Organelles

 

 

29.                The Golgi apparatus directs its protein products to the correct location in the cell based on
A. the specific molecule that is added and the molecule determines the destination in or out of the cell.
B.  the DNA extending its long molecular helix to direct the protein through the Golgi apparatus and on to the final destination.
C.  vesicles that constantly shuttle back and forth from the various cell destinations and these vesicles determine which protein in the Golgi apparatus to pick up and deliver.
D.  proteins drifting away in all directions and are only used at the cell sites that need them.
E.  how long it takes the vesicle to travel from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi.

Proteins made in the rough ER have specific molecular tags that serve as “zip codes” to tell the Golgi apparatus where to send them.  DNA does not leave the nucleus.  Vesicles do not make the determination, either by picking up particular proteins, or by how long they take to travel from the ER to the Golgi.  Proteins are specifically carried by vesicles to their destination.

 

Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 03.03.01 Recognize the structure and function of the organelles within eukaryotic cells.
Section: 03.03
Topic: Organelles

30.                The ____ will store pigments and toxins in plant cells.
A. chloroplast
B.  lysosomes
C.  peroxisomes
D.  vacuole
E.  mitochondria

Vacuoles store water, sugars, salts, pigments, and toxic molecules.  Both lysosomes and peroxisomes enclose enzymes.  Mitochondria and chloroplasts are involved in energy production.

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 03.03.01 Recognize the structure and function of the organelles within eukaryotic cells.
Section: 03.03
Topic: Organelles

 

 

31.                When a lysosome fuses with a vacuole,
A. they both disappear.
B.  they both return to the Golgi apparatus.
C.  protein synthesis begins.
D.  division begins.
E.  its contents are digested.

Lysosomes are the “garbage disposals” of the cell which digest the contents of the vacuole.

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 03.03.01 Recognize the structure and function of the organelles within eukaryotic cells.
Section: 03.03
Topic: Organelles

32.                Each time water in a cell freezes slowly, long sharp crystals spear through the membrane structures of the cell. The most reasonable explanation for the bad taste of meat that has “freezer burn” from repeated freezing is the destruction of
A. the nuclear membrane, causing mixing of nucleoplasm and cytoplasm.
B.  ribosomes, causing them to break into subunits.
C.  The breakage of the lysosomes would result in the release of digestive enzymes which would self-digest and, therefore, alter the taste of the meat.  None of the other organelles would destroy the cells of alter the taste.
D.  rough endoplasmic reticulum causing the release of ribosomes.
E.  the Golgi apparatus and vesicles.

The breakage of the lysosomes would result in the release of digestive enzymes which would self-digest and, therefore, alter the taste of the meat.  None of the other organelles would destroy the cells of alter the taste.

 

Bloom’s Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 03.03.01 Recognize the structure and function of the organelles within eukaryotic cells.
Section: 03.03
Topic: Organelles

 

 

33.                Tay-Sachs is a serious childhood metabolic disorder where ____ fail to digest certain lipids.
A. lysosomes
B.  nucleoli
C.  mitochondria
D.  Golgi apparati
E.  centrioles

Tay-Sachs disease results from the inability to make a lysosomal storage enzyme.  The other organelles are not involved in this disease.

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 03.03.01 Recognize the structure and function of the organelles within eukaryotic cells.
Section: 03.03
Topic: Organelles

34.                Which organelle primarily functions to package or regulate the production of H₂O₂?
A. lysosome
B.  vacuole
C.  Golgi apparatus
D.  endoplasmic reticulum
E.  peroxisome

The peroxisome contains enzymes that break down hydrogen peroxide, a toxic molecule.  The other organelles are not involved in this process.

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 03.03.01 Recognize the structure and function of the organelles within eukaryotic cells.
Section: 03.03
Topic: Organelles

 

 

35.                Which of the following would not be a function of the peroxisomes?
A. break down fats in the liver
B.  produce bile salts in the liver
C.  help germinating seeds convert fatty acids into molecules that can be converted to sugars
D.  store toxic materials in the cell
E.  metabolism that uses oxygen and releases carbon dioxide in leaves

The peroxisomes have all of the functions listed except they do not store toxic materials.

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 03.03.01 Recognize the structure and function of the organelles within eukaryotic cells.
Section: 03.03
Topic: Organelles

36.                The failure of which organelle during development can result in a child being born with webbed toes?
A. lysosomes
B.  peroxisomes
C.  vacuoles
D.  rough ER
E.  Golgi apparati

One function of the lysosomes is to autodigest the toe webbing found in the human embryo.

 

Bloom’s Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 03.03.01 Recognize the structure and function of the organelles within eukaryotic cells.
Section: 03.03
Topic: Organelles

 

 

37.                Cellular respiration is best associated with the
A. Golgi apparatus.
B.  ribosome.
C.  mitochondrion.
D.  chloroplast.
E.  microtubule.

Cellular respiration occurs within mitochondria.  The other organelles have different functions.

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 03.03.01 Recognize the structure and function of the organelles within eukaryotic cells.
Section: 03.03
Topic: Organelles

38.                Both plant and animal cells have mitochondria because they both
A. carry on photosynthesis.
B.  have a large central vacuole.
C.  have endoplasmic reticulum.
D.  need ATP for energy.
E.  have lysosomal hydrolytic enzymes.

Mitochondria provide ATP for energy from glucose; therefore, both plant and animal cells need them.  Mitochondria do not carry out the other functions listed.

 

Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 03.03.02 Identify the cellular structures unique to both plant and animal cells.
Section: 03.03
Topic: Organelles

 

 

39.                The “powerhouse” of the cell is the
A. chloroplast.
B.  mitochondria.
C.  Golgi apparatus.
D.  ribosome.
E.  centriole.

Mitochondria provide energy for the cell in the form of ATP so they are considered the “powerhouse” of the cell.  The other organelles carry out other functions.

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 03.03.01 Recognize the structure and function of the organelles within eukaryotic cells.
Section: 03.03
Topic: Organelles

 

True / False Questions

40.                Since all organisms carry on cellular respiration, all living cells must contain mitochondria.
FALSE

Prokaryotic cells carry out cellular respiration but they do not contain mitochondria.  The elements of the respiratory pathway are present in the plasma membrane.

 

Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 03.03.01 Recognize the structure and function of the organelles within eukaryotic cells.
Section: 03.03
Topic: Organelles

 

Multiple Choice Questions

 

 

41.                Which organelle will use up oxygen and give off carbon dioxide and water?
A. lysosomes
B.  Golgi apparatus
C.  mitochondria
D.  chloroplasts
E.  endoplasmic reticulum

Oxygen is used up and carbon dioxide and water are given off during photosynthesis.  Chloroplasts carry out photosynthesis.  The other organelles have other functions.

 

Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 03.03.01 Recognize the structure and function of the organelles within eukaryotic cells.
Section: 03.03
Topic: Organelles

42.                In plants, chloroplasts are necessary for
A. respiration.
B.  secretion.
C.  photosynthesis.
D.  storage.
E.  cell movement.

Chloroplasts carry out photosynthesis for plant cells.

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 03.03.01 Recognize the structure and function of the organelles within eukaryotic cells.
Section: 03.03
Topic: Organelles

 

 

43.                Which of these is present in plant, but not animal, cells?
A. nucleus
B.  centrioles
C.  cell membrane
D.  Golgi apparatus
E.  chloroplasts

Plants have chloroplasts but animal cells do not.  Both plant and animal cells have a cell membrane, Golgi apparatus, and nucleus.  Only animal cells have centrioles.

 

Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 03.03.02 Identify the cellular structures unique to both plant and animal cells.
Section: 03.03
Topic: Organelles

44.                During photosynthesis, solar energy is converted to chemical energy by the chloroplasts. The process is represented by
A. carbohydrate + oxygen ® carbon dioxide + water + energy
B.  carbohydrate + carbon dioxide ® oxygen + water + energy
C.  solar energy + oxygen + water ® carbohydrate + oxygen
D.  solar energy + carbon dioxide + water ® carbohydrate + oxygen
E.  solar energy ® carbohydrate + oxygen

The formula for photosysnthesis is solar energy + carbon dioxide + water goes to carbohydrate + oxygen.  This occurs in the chloroplast.

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 03.03.02 Identify the cellular structures unique to both plant and animal cells.
Section: 03.03
Topic: Organelles

 

 

45.                Thylakoids and cristae are, respectively, structures of
A. lysosomes and the endoplasmic reticulum.
B.  the nucleus and nucleolus.
C.  chloroplasts and mitochondria.
D.  mitochondria and chloroplasts.
E.  the cell wall and the plasma membrane.

Thylakoids are found in chloroplasts, while cristae are found in mitochondria.

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 03.03.01 Recognize the structure and function of the organelles within eukaryotic cells.
Learning Outcome: 03.03.02 Identify the cellular structures unique to both plant and animal cells.
Section: 03.03
Topic: Organelles

46.                Which organelle will give off oxygen and use up carbon dioxide in plants?
A. Golgi apparatus
B.  rough endoplasmic reticulum
C.  lysosome
D.  mitochondrium
E.  chloroplast

Chloroplasts give off oxygen and use up carbon dioxide during photosynthesis.  Mitochondria will give off carbon dioxide and use up oxygen during respiration. The other organelles have different functions.

 

Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 03.03.02 Identify the cellular structures unique to both plant and animal cells.
Section: 03.03
Topic: Organelles

 

 

47.                Mitochondria are bounded by a double membrane. The inner-filled space is called the matrix, which contains ______________ that break down carbohydrate products, releasing _______________ to be used for ATP production.
A. DNA/energy
B.  ribosomes/carbon dioxide
C.  RNA/energy
D.  enzymes/energy

The matrix of mitochondria contains enzymes that break down carbohydrates, releasing energy that is used to synthesize ATP.  Although mitochondria contain DNA, RNA, and ribosomes, these do not break down carbohydrates.

 

Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 03.03.01 Recognize the structure and function of the organelles within eukaryotic cells.
Section: 03.03
Topic: Organelles

48.                Which of the following would be considered evidence that chloroplasts are involved in photosynthesis?
A. Isolated chloroplasts give off oxygen when exposed to sunlight.
B.  Plants that are green contain chloroplasts.
C.  Both plants and algae have chloroplasts.
D.  Plants have both chloroplasts and mitochondria.
E.  Chloroplasts contain thylakoids which are stacked in structures called grana.

While all of the statements are true, only the statement that isolated chloroplasts give off oxygen when exposed to sunlight applies to photosynthesis.  In photosynthesis, solar energy results in photosynthesis, which gives off oxygen.

 

Bloom’s Level: 4. Analyze
Learning Outcome: 03.03.02 Identify the cellular structures unique to both plant and animal cells.
Section: 03.03
Topic: Organelles

 

 

 

True / False Questions

49.                Since cyanobacteria do not contain chloroplasts and yet they photosynthesize, chloroplasts are not required for photosynthesis.
TRUE

Although they do not have chloroplasts, cyanobacteria do have thylakoids.  Therefore, thylakoids are required for photosynthesis.

 

Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 03.02.01 Describe the fundamental components of a bacterial cell.
Section: 03.02
Topic: Prokaryote Structure

 

Multiple Choice Questions

50.                In a person with a mitochondrial disease in which the mitochondria do not produce enough energy for the cell, which organs would most likely be affected?
A. muscles
B.  liver
C.  skin
D.  stomach
E.  ovaries/testes

High energy demand tissues include muscles, the central nervous system, and the eye.  Although the other organs would be affected, the high energy demand tissues would be most noticeably affected earlier.

 

Bloom’s Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 03.03.01 Recognize the structure and function of the organelles within eukaryotic cells.
Section: 03.03
Topic: Organelles

 

 

 

Yes / No Questions

51.                Brock’s father has inherited a mitochondrial disease.  Is Brock in danger of also having this disease?
NO

Mitochondria are inherited from mother to child.  Therefore, Brock is not in danger of inheriting this disease since his father, and not his mother, carries the disease.

 

Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 03.03.01 Recognize the structure and function of the organelles within eukaryotic cells.
Section: 03.03
Topic: Organelles

 

Multiple Choice Questions

52.                Which is NOT a function of the cytoskeleton?
A. maintains a cell’s shape
B.  anchors organelles in place within a cell
C.  allows cell and its organelles to move
D.  secretes the calcium for bone tissue
E.  allows the formation of pseudopodia

All of the above are functions of the cytoskeleton except that it does not secrete the calcium for bone tissue.

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 03.04.01 Compare and contrast the structural differences between actin filaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules.
Section: 03.04
Topic: Cytoskeleton

 

 

53.                When viewed through a microscope, one characteristic of living cells is that their internal structures move. What organelles are most directly responsible for this motion we see?
A. cell membrane and nucleus
B.  ribosomes and endoplasmic reticulum
C.  centrioles and cell wall
D.  mitochondria and cytoskeleton
E.  chloroplasts and lysosomes

Mitochondria provide the energy for organelle movement, while the cytoskeleton provides the structures needed for movement.  The other organelles are involved in different functions.

 

Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 03.04.01 Compare and contrast the structural differences between actin filaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules.
Section: 03.04
Topic: Cytoskeleton

54.                If cells were moved to a low-gravity environment, such as in space exploration, a change would most likely be expected in the
A. nucleus and the genetic process.
B.  chloroplast and energy capture.
C.  cytoskeleton.
D.  vacuoles and lysosomes.
E.  mitochondrion and energy release.

Since the cytoskeleton is responsible for cellular movement, it would be most affected by a low-gravity environment.

 

Bloom’s Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 03.04.02 Identify the cellular structures that are composed of the different cytoskeleton components.
Section: 03.04
Topic: Cytoskeleton

 

 

55.                Microtubules
A. are composed mostly of lipid.
B.  form a spindle that distributes chromosomes in an orderly manner.
C.  may be associated with metabolism.
D.  are found in the nucleus.
E.  are composed of actin.

The function of microtubules is to form a spindle that distributes chromosomes in an orderly manner.  They are composed of the protein tubulin and are found throughout the cytoplasm.

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 03.04.01 Compare and contrast the structural differences between actin filaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules.
Section: 03.04
Topic: Cytoskeleton