Infection Control and Management of Hazardous Materials for the Dental Team 5th Edition by Chris H. Miller – Test Bank
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Sample Test
Chapter 3: Development of Infectious Diseases
Test Bank
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Microbes
that are usually harmless but can cause disease under certain conditions are
called _____ pathogens.
|
A. |
opportunistic |
|
B. |
toxigenic |
|
C. |
endogenous |
|
D. |
exogenous |
ANS: A
|
|
Feedback |
|
A |
These agents cause diseases
only when given a special opportunity to enter deeper tissues of the body or
to accumulate to levels that can harm the body. |
|
B |
These diseases are caused
by toxins released by a bacterium or fungus. |
|
C |
These diseases are caused
by microbes that already exist within the body. |
|
D |
These diseases are caused
by microbes that enter the body from the outside. |
REF: CHAPTER INTRODUCTION, page
19
OBJ: 4
2. Microbes
that cause disease by producing a toxin are called _____ pathogens.
|
A. |
opportunistic |
|
B. |
toxigenic |
|
C. |
endogenous |
|
D. |
exogenous |
ANS: B
|
|
Feedback |
|
A |
These pathogens cause
diseases only when given a special opportunity to enter deeper tissues of the
body or to accumulate to levels that can harm the body. |
|
B |
These pathogens are caused
by toxins released by a bacterium or fungus. |
|
C |
These pathogens are caused
by microbes that already exist within the body. |
|
D |
These pathogens are caused
by microbes that enter the body from the outside. |
REF: CHAPTER INTRODUCTION, page
19
OBJ: 5
3. Members
of the normal body microbiota that can cause disease are called:
|
A. |
obligate intracellular
parasites. |
|
B. |
toxigenic pathogens. |
|
C. |
endogenous pathogens. |
|
D. |
exogenous pathogens. |
ANS: C
|
|
Feedback |
|
A |
These agents (e.g., all
viruses and some special bacteria) cause diseases by invading body cells. |
|
B |
These pathogens are caused
by toxins released by the bacterium or fungus. |
|
C |
These pathogens are caused
by microbes that already exist within the body. |
|
D |
These pathogens are caused
by microbes that enter the body. |
REF: CHAPTER INTRODUCTION, page
19
OBJ: 4
4. The
difference between an infection and an infectious disease is that an:
|
A. |
infection never causes an
infectious disease. |
|
B. |
infection comes after the
infectious disease has already started. |
|
C. |
infectious disease is an
infection that causes damage to the body. |
|
D. |
infectious disease and an
infection can never involve the same microbe. |
ANS: C
|
|
Feedback |
|
A |
Some infections can lead to
disease. |
|
B |
An infection comes first. |
|
C |
An infection does not
always indicate disease, but disease (damage to the body) seldom results
without infection (the exception is toxigenic diseases). |
|
D |
This is not true. |
REF: Damage to the Body, page
21 OBJ: 1
5. That
period of an infectious disease between the initial infection and the time when
the first symptoms occur is called the _____ stage.
|
A. |
convalescent |
|
B. |
acute |
|
C. |
prodromal |
|
D. |
incubation |
ANS: D
|
|
Feedback |
|
A |
This is the recovery phase. |
|
B |
This is when the symptoms
are at or near maximum levels. |
|
C |
This is the early symptoms
stage. |
|
D |
The incubation stage is the
time between infection and appearance of signs/symptoms. |
REF: Incubation Stage, page
20
OBJ: 2
6. That
period of an infectious disease when the symptoms are at or near the maximum
level is called the _____ stage.
|
A. |
convalescent |
|
B. |
acute |
|
C. |
prodromal |
|
D. |
incubation |
ANS: B
|
|
Feedback |
|
A |
This is the recovery phase. |
|
B |
This is when the symptoms
are at or near maximum levels. |
|
C |
This is the early symptoms
stage. |
|
D |
The incubation stage is the
time between infection and appearance of signs/symptoms. |
REF: Acute Stage, page
20
OBJ:
2
7. That
period of an infectious disease when the symptoms are declining is called the
_____ stage.
|
A. |
convalescent |
|
B. |
acute |
|
C. |
prodromal |
|
D. |
incubation |
ANS: A
|
|
Feedback |
|
A |
This is the recovery phase. |
|
B |
This is when the symptoms
are at or near maximum levels. |
|
C |
This is the early symptoms
stage. |
|
D |
The incubation stage is the
time between infection and appearance of signs/symptoms. |
REF: Convalescent Stage, page
20 OBJ: 2
8. An
asymptomatic carrier can be in which of the following stages of an infectious
disease?
|
A. |
Convalescent |
|
B. |
Acute |
|
C. |
Prodromal |
|
D. |
Incubation |
ANS: D
|
|
Feedback |
|
A |
This is the recovery phase. |
|
B |
This is when the symptoms
are at or near maximum levels. |
|
C |
This is the early symptoms
stage. |
|
D |
The incubation stage is the
time between infection and appearance of signs/symptoms. |
REF: Incubation Stage, page 20
OBJ: 2
9. The
mode of microbe transmission that involves touching the patient’s teeth while
not wearing gloves is called:
|
A. |
direct contact. |
|
B. |
indirect contact. |
|
C. |
droplet infection. |
|
D. |
airborne infection. |
ANS: A
|
|
Feedback |
|
A |
This involves
person-to-person body contact. |
|
B |
This involves contact with
an item (e.g., an instrument) that was contaminated with another patient’s
microbes. |
|
C |
This involves contact with
the larger droplets in sprays or spatter containing microbes. |
|
D |
This involves contact with
the smaller droplet nuclei (e.g., dental aerosols) in sprays or spatter. |
REF: Direct Contact, pages
20-21
OBJ: 3
10. The
mode of microbe transmission that involves a needle-stick is called:
|
A. |
direct contact. |
|
B. |
indirect contact. |
|
C. |
droplet infection. |
|
D. |
airborne infection. |
ANS: B
|
|
Feedback |
|
A |
This involves
person-to-person body contact. |
|
B |
This involves contact with
an item (e.g., an instrument needle) that was contaminated with another
patient’s microbes. |
|
C |
This involves contact with
the larger droplets in sprays or spatter containing microbes. |
|
D |
This involves contact with
the smaller droplet nuclei (e.g., dental aerosols) in sprays or spatter. |
REF: Indirect Contact, page
21
OBJ: 3
11. The
mode of microbe transmission that involves small droplet nuclei such as those
generated from dental aerosols is called:
|
A. |
direct contact. |
|
B. |
indirect contact. |
|
C. |
droplet infection. |
|
D. |
airborne infection. |
ANS: D
|
|
Feedback |
|
A |
This involves
person-to-person body contact. |
|
B |
This involves contact with
an item (e.g., an instrument) that was contaminated with another patient’s
microbes. |
|
C |
This involves contact with
the larger droplets in sprays or spatter containing microbes. |
|
D |
This involves contact with
the smaller droplet nuclei (e.g., dental aerosols) in sprays or spatter. |
REF: Airborne Infection, page
21 OBJ:
3
12. Which
of the following best describes antibodies?
|
A. |
Chemicals produced by
bacteria or fungi that can kill other microorganisms |
|
B. |
Proteins that are released
from bacteria to degrade large substances to smaller chemicals that can be
taken into the cell and used for growth |
|
C. |
Special proteins produced
in the body in the presence of antigens that aid in destroying those antigens
or help in their removal from the body |
|
D. |
A part of the cell wall of
gram-negative bacteria that enhances inflammation when released from the bacterial
cell |
ANS: C
|
|
Feedback |
|
A |
This describes antibiotics. |
|
B |
This describes
extracellular enzymes. |
|
C |
Antibodies are special
proteins produced in the body in response to the presence of antigens, and
they aid in destroying those antigens or help in their removal from the body. |
|
D |
This describes endotoxin. |
REF: Antibody-Mediated Response, page
24
OBJ: 7
13. Which
of the following best describes extracellular enzymes?
|
A. |
Chemicals produced by bacteria
or fungi that can kill other microorganisms |
|
B. |
Proteins that are released
from bacteria to degrade large substances to smaller chemicals that can be
taken into the cell and used for growth |
|
C. |
Special proteins produced
in the body in the presence of antigens that aid in destroying those antigens
or help in their removal from the body |
|
D. |
A part of the cell wall of
gram-negative bacteria that enhances inflammation when released from the
bacterial cell |
ANS: B
|
|
Feedback |
|
A |
This describes antibiotics. |
|
B |
Extracellular enzymes are
proteins that are released from bacteria to degrade large substances to
smaller chemicals that can be taken into the cell and used for growth. If
these macromolecules are parts of host cell surfaces or are tissue
components, this process can kill cells or damage the tissue. |
|
C |
This describes antibodies. |
|
D |
This describes endotoxin. |
REF: Direct Damage to the Body, page
23
OBJ: 5
14. The
major source of disease agents in the dental office is:
|
A. |
dental unit water. |
|
B. |
the mouth of the patient. |
|
C. |
air. |
|
D. |
dust. |
ANS: B
|
|
Feedback |
|
A |
This contains microbes but
not as many potential pathogens as patients’ mouths. |
|
B |
Microbes in patients’ mouths
include those that may be present in saliva, respiratory secretions, and
blood that may enter the mouth during dental care. |
|
C |
This contains microbes but
not as many potential pathogens as patients’ mouths. |
|
D |
This contains microbes but
not as many potential pathogens as patients’ mouths. |
REF: Source of the Microorganism, page
19
OBJ: 1
15. Special
proteins that are made by the body after a microbe invades the body are called:
|
A. |
antigens. |
|
B. |
acids. |
|
C. |
antiseptics. |
|
D. |
antibodies. |
ANS: D
|
|
Feedback |
|
A |
These are cells, microbes,
or substances that invade the body and activate the immune response. |
|
B |
Acids are not proteins. |
|
C |
These are germicides
applied to the body. |
|
D |
Antibodies are proteins
produced by the body after an antigen (e.g., a microbe) invades the body. |
REF: Antibody-Mediated Response, page
24
OBJ: 7
16. The
next to the last step in the development of an infectious disease is:
|
A. |
damage to the body. |
|
B. |
escape from the source. |
|
C. |
infection. |
|
D. |
spread to a new person. |
ANS: C
|
|
Feedback |
|
A |
This is the last (sixth)
step. |
|
B |
This is the second step. |
|
C |
Infection is the next to
last step (the fifth step) in the development of an infectious disease. |
|
D |
This is the third step. |
REF: Steps in the Development of an Infectious
Disease, Box 3-1, page 19
OBJ: 1
17. Host
defense mechanisms that we are born with and are always active are referred to
as _________ defenses.
|
A. |
acquired |
|
B. |
long-term |
|
C. |
artificial |
|
D. |
innate |
ANS: D
|
|
Feedback |
|
A |
These are acquired after
birth. |
|
B |
These are a long-lasting
immunity. |
|
C |
These are acquired after
being immunized with a vaccine. |
|
D |
Innate immunity is a
naturally occurring body defense mechanism against infectious disease agents. |
REF: Host Defense Mechanisms, page
23
OBJ: 8
18. Hay
fever and asthma are examples of:
|
A. |
bacterial diseases. |
|
B. |
allergic reactions. |
|
C. |
contact dermatitis. |
|
D. |
anaphylactic shock. |
ANS: B
|
|
Feedback |
|
A |
These are not allergic
reactions. |
|
B |
Hay fever and asthma are
antibody-mediated allergic reactions. |
|
C |
This is another type of
allergic reaction. |
|
D |
This is another type of
allergic reaction. |
REF: Damage to the Immune System, page
25
OBJ: 8
19. Which
of the following is a chemical barrier to infectious diseases?
|
A. |
Ciliary escalator |
|
B. |
Hair in the nose |
|
C. |
Lysozyme |
|
D. |
Coughing |
ANS: C
|
|
Feedback |
|
A |
This is a mechanical
barrier. |
|
B |
This is a mechanical
barrier. |
|
C |
The enzyme lysozyme can
lyse and kill some bacteria and is present in saliva, tears, nasal
secretions, intestinal secretions, colostrum, and inside phagocytes. |
|
D |
This is a mechanical
barrier. |
REF: Innate Host Defense Mechanisms, Table 3-4, page
23 OBJ: 6
20. Which
of the following is a physical barrier to infectious diseases?
|
A. |
Mucous membranes |
|
B. |
Acid in the stomach |
|
C. |
Complement fragments |
|
D. |
Interferon |
ANS: A
|
|
Feedback |
|
A |
The mucous membranes of the
eyes, mouth, nose, respiratory tract, vagina, and intestinal tract serve as
physical barriers and inhibit or retard penetration by microbes. |
|
B |
This is a chemical barrier. |
|
C |
This is a chemical barrier. |
|
D |
This is a chemical barrier. |
REF: Innate Host Defense Mechanisms, Table 3-4, page
23 OBJ: 6
21. What
type of body cells makes antibodies?
|
A. |
Brain cells |
|
B. |
Red blood cells |
|
C. |
Lymphocytes |
|
D. |
Phagocytes |
ANS: C
|
|
Feedback |
|
A |
These are important cells
of the body, but they do not make antibodies. |
|
B |
These are important cells
of the body, but they do not make antibodies. |
|
C |
Lymphocytes are body cells that produce antibodies. |
|
D |
These are important cells
of the body, but they do not make antibodies. |
REF: Antibody-Mediated Response, page
24
OBJ: 8
22. What
type of cells engulfs (“eats”) and destroys bacteria?
|
A. |
Brain cells |
|
B. |
Red blood cells |
|
C. |
Lymphocytes |
|
D. |
Phagocytes |
ANS: D
|
|
Feedback |
|
A |
These are important cells
of the body, but they do not engulf and destroy bacteria. |
|
B |
These are important cells
of the body, but they do not engulf and destroy bacteria. |
|
C |
These are important cells
of the body, but they do not engulf and destroy bacteria. |
|
D |
Phagocytes first engulf
(swallow up) microorganisms and then kill and digest them, using enzymes that
degrade the microbial structures. |
REF: Cellular Barriers, page 24
OBJ: 6
23. Special
proteins that are made by the body after a microbe invades the body and that
can destroy that microbe are called:
|
A. |
antibodies. |
|
B. |
antigens. |
|
C. |
barriers. |
|
D. |
enzymes. |
ANS: A
|
|
Feedback |
|
A |
Antibodies are special
proteins that are made by the body after an antigen (e.g., a microbe) invades
the body and that can destroy that microbe. |
|
B |
These are substances or
cells that the body identifies as foreign and mounts an immune response. |
|
C |
These are host defense systems
against harmful infections. |
|
D |
These are protein catalysts
that control the rate of chemical reactions in cells. |
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