Human Relations Lowell Lamberton 6th Edition- Test Bank

 

To Purchase this Complete Test Bank with Answers Click the link Below

 

https://tbzuiqe.com/product/human-relations-lowell-lamberton-6th-edition-test-bank/

 

If face any problem or Further information contact us At tbzuiqe@gmail.com

 

 

 

Sample Test

Chapter 03 Self-Awareness and Self-Disclosure

1.	People develop traits such as secrecy, dishonesty, or other defenses to prevent others from determining their true thoughts and motives. TRUE

 

Learning Objective: 03-02 Explain how awareness-related barriers impact human relations.

 

2.	The managerial grid is a composite of four panes that show ways of relating to others: open, blind, hidden, and unknown. FALSE

 

Learning Objective: 03-02 Explain how awareness-related barriers impact human relations.

 

3.	The Johari Window deals with two factors: people’s understanding of themselves and the way they interact with others based on that level of understanding. TRUE

 

Learning Objective: 03-03 Use the Johari Window as a tool for self-understanding.

 

4.	The four panes of the Johari Window always remain the same size for all relationships and interpersonal encounters of a person. FALSE

 

Learning Objective: 03-03 Use the Johari Window as a tool for self-understanding.

 

5.	The open pane of the Johari Window contains information that you know about yourself and have no reason to hide from most people. TRUE

 

Learning Objective: 03-03 Use the Johari Window as a tool for self-understanding.

 

6.	An individual’s open pane of the Johari Window is usually quite large when he or she interacts with a stranger for the first time. FALSE

 

Learning Objective: 03-03 Use the Johari Window as a tool for self-understanding.

 

7.	The hidden pane of the Johari Window contains information that you know about yourself and have no reason to hide from most people. FALSE

 

Learning Objective: 03-03 Use the Johari Window as a tool for self-understanding.

 

8.	The blind pane of the Johari Window can increase in size if an individual is encouraged to look into his or her blind areas to a greater extent. FALSE

 

Learning Objective: 03-03 Use the Johari Window as a tool for self-understanding.

 

9.	As a close relationship develops and the open pane of the Johari Window grows bigger, the hidden pane becomes smaller. TRUE

 

Learning Objective: 03-03 Use the Johari Window as a tool for self-understanding.

 

10.	The blind pane of the Johari Window contains information about yourself that nobody—yourself, your friends, or your family—can see. FALSE

 

Learning Objective: 03-03 Use the Johari Window as a tool for self-understanding.

 

11.	The blind pane of the Johari Window can hide good qualities in people as well as bad traits. TRUE

 

Learning Objective: 03-03 Use the Johari Window as a tool for self-understanding.

 

12.	The blind pane of the Johari Window can be very disturbing to those who choose not to believe what others say about them. TRUE

 

Learning Objective: 03-03 Use the Johari Window as a tool for self-understanding.

 

13.	In most cases, people withhold information in order to avoid feelings of inadequacy or to feel safe from people who might challenge them. TRUE

 

Learning Objective: 03-04 Define self-disclosure.

 

14.	In the context of self-disclosure, it is best to avoid topics such as religion, politics, or non-work-related topics in the workplace. TRUE

 

Learning Objective: 03-04 Define self-disclosure.

 

15.	The failure to self-disclose can result in the wastage of time and energy. TRUE

 

Learning Objective: 03-05 List the outcomes of failing to self-disclose.

 

16.	Promotion of personal growth is one of the positive by-products of self-disclosure. TRUE

 

Learning Objective: 03-05 List the outcomes of failing to self-disclose.

 

17.	Failure to self-disclose may facilitate one’s self-acceptance and assertiveness. FALSE

 

Learning Objective: 03-05 List the outcomes of failing to self-disclose.

 

18.	When you self-disclose, you risk losing your sense of identity. FALSE

 

Learning Objective: 03-05 List the outcomes of failing to self-disclose.

 

19.	According to John Powell, cliché conversation is the level of self-disclosure that most people rely upon during part of every day. TRUE

 

Learning Objective: 03-06 Understand the five major levels of communication as they relate to disclosure.

 

20.	Author John Powell identified five general levels of self-disclosure: cliché conversation, reporting the facts about others, expressing ideas and judgments, expressing feelings and emotions on the “gut level,” and peak communication. TRUE

 

Learning Objective: 03-06 Understand the five major levels of communication as they relate to disclosure.

 

21.	According to John Powell, “reporting the facts about others” is the level of self-disclosure that approaches honest expression because you reveal your conscious thoughts, opinions, and theories. FALSE

 

Learning Objective: 03-06 Understand the five major levels of communication as they relate to disclosure.

 

22.	According to John Powell’s levels of self-disclosure, gut-level communication is the level at which you begin to apply genuine self-disclosure. TRUE

 

Learning Objective: 03-06 Understand the five major levels of communication as they relate to disclosure.

 

23.	According to John Powell, if you are honest and open, peak communication can happen regularly with your friends, colleagues, and family. FALSE

 

Learning Objective: 03-06 Understand the five major levels of communication as they relate to disclosure.

 

24.	According to John Powell, a peak communication experience does not occur very often. TRUE

 

Learning Objective: 03-06 Understand the five major levels of communication as they relate to disclosure.

 

25.	Making gut-level communication work for you is a key step in the process of learning to self-disclose. TRUE

 

Learning Objective: 03-06 Understand the five major levels of communication as they relate to disclosure.

 

26.	When people communicate on the gut level in work environments, it translates into greater efficiency and productivity throughout the organization. TRUE

 

Learning Objective: 03-06 Understand the five major levels of communication as they relate to disclosure.

 

27.	When people operate on hunches or perceptions they have about each other, they are operating on the gut level of self-disclosure. FALSE

 

Learning Objective: 03-07 Discuss the impact of making assumptions regarding other people.

 

28.	Overdisclosing often happens when a person feels socially awkward and is trying to make conversation. TRUE

 

Learning Objective: 03-08 Explain the risk factor of disclosure.

 

29.	The first step in dealing with fear is to decide how to respond to it. FALSE

 

Learning Objective: 03-08 Explain the risk factor of disclosure.

 

30.	One of the ways to deal with the fear of self-disclosure is to consider the worst case scenario as a possible outcome. TRUE

 

Learning Objective: 03-08 Explain the risk factor of disclosure.

 

31.

Which of the following is true about the Johari Window? A. It is a simple yet powerful model that supports information on managing the mentoring process.   B. It is a technique designed for self-understanding that illustrates the ways of relating to others.   C. It is a four-dimensional questionnaire that is used to assess distress, depression, and anxiety.   D. It is a management tool based on four behavioral dimensions that explains leadership styles.

 

Learning Objective: 03-03 Use the Johari Window as a tool for self-understanding.

 

32.	Which of the following is a pane in the Johari Window? A. The compliance pane   B. The Influence pane   C. The Feeling pane   D. The Unknown pane

 

Learning Objective: 03-03 Use the Johari Window as a tool for self-understanding.

 

33.	The responses in the Johari Window panes deal with: A. the basic psychological and safety requirements of individuals.   B. the stages of cognitive development in human beings.   C. people’s understanding of themselves.   D. ulterior, crossed, and parallel transactions between people.

 

Learning Objective: 03-03 Use the Johari Window as a tool for self-understanding.

 

34.	The upper-left pane of the Johari Window is the: A. blind pane.   B. open pane.   C. hidden pane.   D. unknown pane.

 

Learning Objective: 03-03 Use the Johari Window as a tool for self-understanding.

 

35.

Identify the statement that accurately describes the open pane in the Johari Window. A. It is the pane that contains information that you know about yourself and have no reason to hide from most people.   B. It is the pane that contains everything about you that other people can see but you can’t.   C. It is the pane that contains information and feelings that you are aware of but hide from other people.   D. It is the pane that brings out unknown talents as well as forgotten experiences and possibilities.

 

Learning Objective: 03-03 Use the Johari Window as a tool for self-understanding.

 

36.

How does the open pane in the Johari Window increase in size? A. The pane size increases by uncovering more of your repressed childhood memories.   B. The pane size increases by having cliché conversations with strangers.   C. The pane size increases with your desire to be known and understood.   D. The pane size increases as you analyze your dreams and fantasies.

 

Learning Objective: 03-03 Use the Johari Window as a tool for self-understanding.

 

37.

Identify the statement that accurately describes the hidden pane in the Johari Window. A. This pane contains everything about you that other people can see but you can’t.   B. This pane can hide your good qualities as well as your bad traits.   C. This pane increases in size as your friendship with a person develops.   D. This pane contains information and feelings that you are aware of but hide from other people.

 

Learning Objective: 03-03 Use the Johari Window as a tool for self-understanding.

 

38.	How can you decrease the size of your hidden pane? A. By increasing your trust in someone   B. By withholding more details about yourself   C. By analyzing your dreams and fantasies   D. By increasing your self-awareness

 

Learning Objective: 03-03 Use the Johari Window as a tool for self-understanding.

 

39.	The bottom-right pane in the Johari Window is the: A. open pane.   B. hidden pane.   C. unknown pane.   D. blind pane.

 

Learning Objective: 03-03 Use the Johari Window as a tool for self-understanding.

 

40.

In the context of the Johari Window, who among the following most likely has the biggest blind pane? A. John, who loves to initiate small conversations with strangers   B. Abigail, who is stressed because of time constraints at her workplace   C. Mary, who refuses to accept her friends’ view that she doesn’t give others a chance to speak in conversations   D. Danny, who hides his feelings and emotions from his friends and family because of his shy nature

 

Learning Objective: 03-03 Use the Johari Window as a tool for self-understanding.

 

41.

Salim’s friend Eliza is a professional bird photographer. One day, Salim and Eliza go on a bird photography trip, and Eliza asks Salim to try taking pictures of a few birds with her new camera. To her surprise, Salim takes some good shots. Eliza sees great potential in Salim and encourages him to try bird photography as a hobby. Salim buys a new camera and takes up bird photography. He finds that he is pretty good at it and decides to pursue it as a profession. In the context of the Johari Window, which of the following statements is true of this scenario? A. Eliza’s feedback increased the size of Salim’s open pane.   B. Eliza’s feedback reduced the size of Salim’s blind pane.   C. Eliza’s feedback increased the size of Salim’s hidden pane.   D. Eliza’s feedback reduced the size of Salim’s unknown pane.

 

Learning Objective: 03-03 Use the Johari Window as a tool for self-understanding.

 

42.	The blind pane can shrink when a person: A. pays heed to other people’s feedback.   B. engages in cliché conversations with other people.   C. reports facts about other people.   D. avoids feelings of inadequacy.

 

Learning Objective: 03-03 Use the Johari Window as a tool for self-understanding.

 

43.

What information does the unknown pane of the Johari Window contain? A. The traits of your personality that others can see but you cannot   B. The information that you are aware of but that is unknown to others   C. Information that is not apparent to anyone, including yourself   D. Information that you are ashamed or afraid of sharing with others

 

Learning Objective: 03-03 Use the Johari Window as a tool for self-understanding.

 

44.	Which of the following panes of the Johari Window emphasizes the importance of listening to feedback for self-development? A. The open pane   B. The hidden pane   C. The blind pane   D. The unknown pane

 

Learning Objective: 03-03 Use the Johari Window as a tool for self-understanding.

 

45.

The unknown pane is more exciting than the blind pane because: A. the unknown pane contains information that you are aware of but no one else can see.   B. increased awareness of the unknown pane can help you develop stronger bonds in your relationships.   C. the unknown pane increases your desire to be known and understood by others.   D. increased awareness of the unknown pane can help you open avenues of self-knowledge and make changes in your life.

 

Learning Objective: 03-03 Use the Johari Window as a tool for self-understanding.

 

46.	With reference to the Johari Window, analyzing your dreams, fantasies, and slips of the tongue is a way of reducing the size of your: A. open pane.   B. unknown pane.   C. blind pane.   D. hidden pane.

 

Learning Objective: 03-03 Use the Johari Window as a tool for self-understanding.

 

47.	When people say that someone is “real” or “seems real,” they are usually saying that the person: A. is good at self-disclosure.   B. has a strong desire to get along with people.   C. is good at withholding personal information.   D. derives his purpose from pleasing others.

 

Learning Objective: 03-04 Define self-disclosure.

 

48.

Which of the following is a step to arrive at an authentic, effective style of self-disclosure? A. Being politically correct when speaking with colleagues   B. Discussing elaborately religious and political ideas in groups   C. Speaking one’s mind in critical situations   D. Avoiding very personal disclosures

 

Learning Objective: 03-04 Define self-disclosure.

 

49.

People pull back from self-disclosure because: A. it allows them to get to know themselves and others around them better.   B. they want to develop a sense of self-awareness that requires them to spend time in solitude.   C. they learn very early in life to shut away large parts of themselves in the hidden pane.   D. they are often unaware of the qualities and hidden talents they possess.

 

Learning Objective: 03-04 Define self-disclosure.

 

50.

Identify the childhood experience that most likely results in the avoidance of self-disclosure in adults. A. Early teachings of the practice of solitude and high self-esteem   B. Poor academic performance   C. Punishment for showing pride or anger   D. Early development of an internal locus of control

 

Learning Objective: 03-04 Define self-disclosure.

 

51.

In the context of self-disclosure, the “nice person” that the American culture has come to glorify is somebody who: A. doesn’t threaten the listener and who makes others feel approved of and comfortable.   B. doesn’t have the “need” to be liked and accepted by others.   C. balances the need to nurture himself or herself with the need to be accepted by others.   D. is not a slave to other people’s opinions and who does his or her own thing.

 

Learning Objective: 03-04 Define self-disclosure.

 

52.	Which of the following is a possible consequence of keeping secrets? A. It induces a strong feeling of pride.   B. It diminishes self-respect.   C. It saves people from losing their identity.   D. It decreases the need for belongingness.

 

Learning Objective: 03-05 List the outcomes of failing to self-disclose.

 

53.	According to Frederick Perls, the purpose of self-disclosure is: A. to take responsibility for others’ feelings.   B. to accept one’s own mistakes.   C. to own one’s own feelings.   D. to reject the past and look forward to the future.

 

Learning Objective: 03-04 Define self-disclosure.

 

54.	Which of the following is an outcome of failing to self-disclose? A. Becoming trapped or controlled by someone else   B. Losing a sense of identity   C. Losing ownership of ideas   D. Being rejected or belittled

 

Learning Objective: 03-05 List the outcomes of failing to self-disclose.

 

55.	Nonconversation is a way to describe the amount of actual conversation in: A. gut-level communication.   B. peak communication.   C. cliché conversation.   D. transpersonal conversation.

 

Learning Objective: 03-06 Understand the five major levels of communication as they relate to disclosure.

 

56.	Which of the following is an example of nonconversation? A. “What is your credit card number?”   B. “Please tell me more about your diversified investments.”   C. “Congratulations, you have won the annual state lottery!”   D. “How is your family doing?”

 

Learning Objective: 03-06 Understand the five major levels of communication as they relate to disclosure.

 

57.

According to John Powell’s levels of self-disclosure, what do two people experience during peak communications? A. They feel apprehensive and experience a general sense of foreboding.   B. They experience relief because the other person hasn’t discovered who they truly are.   C. They remain emotionally stable because it is a risk-free conversation.   D. They feel an almost perfect and mutual empathy between themselves.

 

Learning Objective: 03-06 Understand the five major levels of communication as they relate to disclosure.

 

58.	Which level of self-disclosure identified by John Powell represents real communication? A. Cliché conversation   B. Gut-level communication   C. Expressing ideas and judgments   D. Reporting facts about others

 

Learning Objective: 03-06 Understand the five major levels of communication as they relate to disclosure.

 

59.

Denzel and Andy are brothers. After their mother’s funeral, they discuss their childhood memories and the time spent with family with each other. They talk about their fears, weaknesses, and strengths in order to understand each other’s flaws and fix them. In doing so, they feel a strong sense of respect and empathy for each other. Which of the following levels of self-disclosure does this scenario represent? A. Reporting facts about one another   B. Peak communication   C. Cliché conversation   D. Expressing ideas and judgments

 

Learning Objective: 03-06 Understand the five major levels of communication as they relate to disclosure.

 

60.	Which of the following helps in clearing up assumptions and hunches about others? A. High self-awareness   B. Ethical values   C. Societal norms   D. Prompt decision making

 

Learning Objective: 03-07 Discuss the impact of making assumptions regarding other people.

 

61.	_____ refers to the ability to see yourself realistically, without a great deal of difference between what you are and how you assume others see you. Self-awareness

 

Learning Objective: 03-01 Define self-awareness.

 

62.	The four ways of relating to others are illustrated by the panes in the _____. Johari Window

 

Learning Objective: 03-03 Use the Johari Window as a tool for self-understanding.

 

63.	The _____ is the pane of the Johari Window that contains information that you know about yourself and have no reason to hide from most people. open pane

 

Learning Objective: 03-03 Use the Johari Window as a tool for self-understanding.

 

64.	In the context of the Johari Window, the size of the _____ pane increases with your desire to be known and understood. open

 

Learning Objective: 03-03 Use the Johari Window as a tool for self-understanding.

 

65.	The _____ is the pane of the Johari Window that contains information and feelings that you are aware of but hide from other people. hidden pane

 

Learning Objective: 03-03 Use the Johari Window as a tool for self-understanding.

 

66.	In the context of the Johari Window, if you are shy or secretive, your _____ pane might be quite large. hidden

 

Learning Objective: 03-03 Use the Johari Window as a tool for self-understanding.

 

67.	The _____ is the pane of the Johari Window that contains everything about you that other people can see but you can’t. blind pane

 

Learning Objective: 03-03 Use the Johari Window as a tool for self-understanding.

 

68.	The _____ is the pane of the Johari Window that can include childhood memories that people block out for various reasons. unknown pane

 

Learning Objective: 03-03 Use the Johari Window as a tool for self-understanding.

 

69.	_____ allows people to know themselves and those around them better. Self-disclosure

 

Learning Objective: 03-04 Define self-disclosure.

 

70.	Better _____ means roughly the same thing as developing a better looking-glass self. self-awareness

 

Learning Objective: 03-01 Define self-awareness.

 

71.	Failing to _____ may result in the loss of relationships with others, the slowdown of personal growth, the waste of time and energy, and the loss of a sense of identity. self-disclose

 

Learning Objective: 03-05 List the outcomes of failing to self-disclose.

 

72.	The level of communication with the least amount of self-disclosure, including niceties such as “Have a nice day,” is called _____. cliché conversation

 

Learning Objective: 03-06 Understand the five major levels of communication as they relate to disclosure.

 

73.	In the context of the levels of communication that relate to self-disclosure, _____ is the beginning of genuine self-disclosure. gut-level communication

 

Learning Objective: 03-06 Understand the five major levels of communication as they relate to disclosure.

 

74.	According to John Powell, _____ is the level of communication that most people rely upon during part of every day. cliché conversation

 

Learning Objective: 03-06 Understand the five major levels of communication as they relate to disclosure.

 

75.	Cliché conversation is _____ in a real sense. nonconversation

 

Learning Objective: 03-06 Understand the five major levels of communication as they relate to disclosure.

 

76.	According to John Powell’s levels of self-disclosure, what you say at the level of _____ is filtered through some self-censorship. expressing ideas and judgments

 

Learning Objective: 03-06 Understand the five major levels of communication as they relate to disclosure.

 

77.	According to John Powell’s levels of self-disclosure, you begin to apply genuine self-disclosure at the _____ of communication. gut level

 

Learning Objective: 03-06 Understand the five major levels of communication as they relate to disclosure.

 

78.	According to John Powell, when a(n) _____ experience occurs, “the two persons will feel an almost perfect and mutual empathy.” peak communication

 

Learning Objective: 03-06 Understand the five major levels of communication as they relate to disclosure.

 

79.	According to John Powell, _____ is the level of communication that is characterized by complete openness and honest self-disclosure. peak communication

 

Learning Objective: 03-06 Understand the five major levels of communication as they relate to disclosure.

 

80.	John Powell believes that silence tends to promote involvement only in _____ relationships, which have little benefit for the individual or company. fraudulent

 

Learning Objective: 03-06 Understand the five major levels of communication as they relate to disclosure.

 

81.

In the context of how awareness-related barriers impact human relations, explain why people build walls around themselves. Answer: Many people spend much of their lives building walls. In other words, they develop traits such as secrecy, dishonesty, or other defenses to prevent people from determining their true thoughts and motives. These people often believe that if these walls are not there, catastrophes such as rejection and loneliness will result. Also, once the walls are in place, the people who built them often forget the walls are there.

 

Learning Objective: 03-02 Explain how awareness-related barriers impact human relations.

 

82.

Briefly describe the hidden pane of the Johari Window. Answer: The hidden pane of the Johari Window contains information and feelings that you are aware of but hide from other people. People possess a great deal of private information, including information that they are ashamed of or afraid to share with others, such as things they regret or consider failures. If you are shy or secretive, your hidden pane might be quite large. As a close relationship develops and the open pane grows bigger, the hidden pane will become smaller. Increased trust in someone will help you decrease the size of the hidden pane. You will withhold fewer and fewer details about yourself.

 

Learning Objective: 03-03 Use the Johari Window as a tool for self-understanding.

 

83.

Why is the unknown pane more exciting than the blind pane? Answer: The unknown pane contains all of the experiences, feelings, fantasies, and possibilities that people repress. It can be reduced in size by developing a close friendship. For the same reason, this can be an even more exciting pane than the blind pane. Information and emotions that are repressed often come out in dreams, fantasies, and even slips of the tongue. Once these desires or fears are recognized, a person can then open avenues of self-knowledge and make changes in his or her life.

 

Learning Objective: 03-03 Use the Johari Window as a tool for self-understanding.

 

84.

Briefly describe the blind pane of the Johari Window. Answer: The blind pane of the Johari Window contains everything about you that other people can see but you can’t. This pane can be disturbing to people who would rather not believe that others see personality traits that they don’t see in themselves. The blind pane can hide good qualities in people as well as bad traits. This pane can shrink if you heed another person’s encouragement and allow yourself to look into your blind areas to a greater extent.

 

Learning Objective: 03-03 Use the Johari Window as a tool for self-understanding.

 

85.

Explain how people who choose not to believe what others say about them are affected by the blind pane. Answer: The blind pane can be surprising or possibly disturbing to people who choose not to believe what others say about them. Not realizing one’s own issues could prove problematic in workplaces. This shows why listening to feedback is so important.

 

Learning Objective: 03-03 Use the Johari Window as a tool for self-understanding.

 

86.

List the reasons for avoiding self-disclosure that do not allow people to develop emotionally. Answer: People avoid self-disclosure in order to feel all-powerful, control the feelings of others, feel superior to those around them, believe that they are perfect, have everyone’s approval, feel safe from people who might challenge them, deny that they have problems, avoid the fear that they aren’t lovable, and avoid feelings of inadequacy.

 

Learning Objective: 03-04 Define self-disclosure.

 

87.

Describe the reasons for avoiding disclosure that stem from childhood experiences. Answer: Many people learn very early in life to shut away large parts of themselves in the hidden pane. Sometimes, people are shamed or punished during childhood for showing pride, anger, or some other emotion, or they may have been taught to hide strong emotions from others. If a young child’s emotions or opinions are silenced, those emotions can remain hidden for the rest of that person’s life.

 

Learning Objective: 03-04 Define self-disclosure.

 

88.

How does refraining from self-disclosure waste time and energy? Answer: It takes a lot of energy to create a false image. It requires constant self-awareness to ensure that you are maintaining the image. In this way, people waste time and energy that could be better spent on working, loving, or just having fun. Another related energy drain is the fear of being discovered. People are more willing than you may think to accept you for who you are.

 

Learning Objective: 03-05 List the outcomes of failing to self-disclose.

 

89.

List the five levels of self-disclosure identified by John Powell.   Answer: The five levels of self-disclosure identified by John Powell are the following: (1) Cliché conversation (2) Reporting the facts about others (3) Expressing ideas and judgments (4) Gut-level communication (5) Peak communication

 

Learning Objective: 03-06 Understand the five major levels of communication as they relate to disclosure.

 

90.

Why is a cliché conversation a nonconversation in the real sense? Answer: A cliché conversation is a nonconversation in the real sense because, as a speaker in such a conversation, you are called upon to disclose very little and you ask little of the other person in return. Everyone remains emotionally safe. Nobody will challenge or threaten you, but then nobody receives any real rewards, either.

 

Learning Objective: 03-06 Understand the five major levels of communication as they relate to disclosure.

 

91.

Do peak communications happen regularly? Provide examples of instances that may trigger them. Answer: A peak communication experience does not occur very often. Such experiences can be triggered by unexpected events. For instance, a death in the family, winning the lottery, or experiencing an automobile accident could all create similar responses in how you communicate with others. In cases like these, self-disclosure is often not a choice, but an automatic response.

 

Learning Objective: 03-06 Understand the five major levels of communication as they relate to disclosure.

 

92.

How does gut-level communication benefit a workplace? Answer: When people communicate on the gut level, human relationships grow, people understand themselves better, and conflict is reduced. In work environments, such benefits translate into greater efficiency and productivity throughout the organization.

 

Learning Objective: 03-06 Understand the five major levels of communication as they relate to disclosure.

 

93.

According to John Powell’s levels of self-disclosure, briefly describe the highest level of self-disclosure. Answer: Level 1 is based on the peak experience concept developed by Abraham Maslow, the first social scientist to study peak experiences. Maslow stated that the spiritual, emotional, and aesthetic high points in people’s lives do not happen very often, but when they do, they create memories that help sustain them during ordinary non-peak times. Powell translates this idea into communication. Like Maslow’s peak experience, a peak communication experience does not occur very often. When it does, though, as Powell suggests, “The two persons will feel an almost perfect and mutual empathy.” The more often Level 1 self-disclosure takes place, the more you invite close relationships that can lead to enhanced opportunities for peak communication. Nobody should expect peak communication to happen regularly. Such experiences can be triggered by unexpected events. For instance, a death in the family, winning the lottery, or experiencing an automobile accident could all create similar responses in how you communicate with others. In cases like these, self-disclosure is often not a choice, but an automatic response.

 

Learning Objective: 03-06 Understand the five major levels of communication as they relate to disclosure.

 

94.

How does gut-level communication improve relationships? Answer: The most important benefit of communicating on the gut level is that relationships often grow stronger. With gut-level communication, genuine emotions and viewpoints are shared, giving each person a stronger sense of identity. If you communicate your true thoughts and feelings, the things you have in common with others will become increasingly obvious.

 

Learning Objective: 03-06 Understand the five major levels of communication as they relate to disclosure.

 

95.

Explain how a gut-level conversation brings out the honesty in others. Answer: One of the advantages of gut-level disclosure is that it encourages openness and honesty in others. If you want someone to communicate more openly with you, try self-disclosing first. When you are bold enough to break the ice, the other person may be reassured and inspired to do the same.

 

Learning Objective: 03-06 Understand the five major levels of communication as they relate to disclosure.

 

96.

List the fears that stop people from self-disclosing.   Answer: The fears of self-disclosing include the following: (1) Losing control of a conversation or relationship. (2) Becoming trapped or controlled by someone else (3) Facing something unpleasant within yourself (4) Losing self-respect (5) Appearing to be a loser to others (6) Being rejected or being belittled

 

Learning Objective: 03-08 Explain the risk factor of disclosure.

 

97.

When does overdisclosure occur? Answer: Overdisclosing often happens when a person feels socially awkward and is trying to make conversation. Problems occur when someone goes too far in self-disclosing. A person who overdiscloses may be seen as insecure, and may be judged as acting inappropriately. Being aware of overdisclosure will help you avoid falling into this situation.

 

Learning Objective: 03-08 Explain the risk factor of disclosure.

 

98.

In the context of paying attention to differences in conversations, explain the advantages of letting the other person in a conversation take the lead. Answer: Under all circumstances, one can minimize uncertainty by allowing the other person in a conversation to take the lead. By staying within the self-disclosure limits exhibited by the other person, one will be less likely to over- or underdisclose, especially when meeting someone for the first time.

 

Learning Objective: 03-08 Explain the risk factor of disclosure.

 

99.

List the three suggestions offered by Dale Carnegie for moving ahead even when fear is present. Answer: In order to prepare oneself for moving ahead even when fear is present, one must start with the worst possible scenario, prepare oneself to accept the worst possible outcome, and proceed with a plan.

 

Learning Objective: 03-08 Explain the risk factor of disclosure.

 

100.

How do you prepare yourself to accept the worst possible outcome? Answer: You should be willing to accept the worst possible outcome. Consider whether you’re feeling strong enough to survive the worst that could happen. Adopt the frame of mind that you are ready for whatever happens and that you will not let it get you down. Last, but not the least, you should prepare yourself for the fact that anxiety might overtake you during some moments, but try not to let fear discourage you.

 

Learning Objective: 03-08 Explain the risk factor of disclosure.

 

 

Chapter 03 Self-Awareness and Self-Disclosure Summary

Category	# of Questions
Learning Objective: 03-01 Define self-awareness.	2
Learning Objective: 03-02 Explain how awareness-related barriers impact human relations.	3
Learning Objective: 03-03 Use the Johari Window as a tool for self-understanding.	37
Learning Objective: 03-04 Define self-disclosure.	11
Learning Objective: 03-05 List the outcomes of failing to self-disclose.	8
Learning Objective: 03-06 Understand the five major levels of communication as they relate to disclosure.	29
Learning Objective: 03-07 Discuss the impact of making assumptions regarding other people.	2
Learning Objective: 03-08 Explain the risk factor of disclosure.	8

 

Chapter 05 Motivation: Increasing Productivity

1.	To be truly motivated means feeling a desire to do whatever task needs to be accomplished to reach a goal or purpose. TRUE

 

Learning Objective: 05-01 Define motivation.

 

2.	A good organizational climate is limited to people getting along well. FALSE

 

Learning Objective: 05-01 Define motivation.

 

3.	To increase productivity in an organization, job morale has to be sacrificed. FALSE

 

Learning Objective: 05-01 Define motivation.

 

4.	An effective organizational climate allows people to work to their full potential without becoming a threat to others. TRUE

 

Learning Objective: 05-01 Define motivation.

 

5.	Employees do not have opportunities to suggest changes in an organization. FALSE

 

Learning Objective: 05-01 Define motivation.

 

6.	In the context of work motivation, extrinsic factors often provide more powerful motives than intrinsic factors do. FALSE

 

Learning Objective: 05-01 Define motivation.

 

7.	Working does not allow one to satisfy one’s intrinsic motives. FALSE

 

Learning Objective: 05-01 Define motivation.

 

8.	Economic need is the primary motivator toward work. TRUE

 

Learning Objective: 05-01 Define motivation.

 

9.	Researchers have found that professional women who are balancing the demands of work and families are more likely to quit their jobs for intrinsic reasons. TRUE

 

Learning Objective: 05-01 Define motivation.

 

10.	The amount of creativity allowed, the degree of responsibility, and the satisfaction of helping others are the extrinsic motivators of a job. TRUE

 

Learning Objective: 05-03 Explain behavior-based theories of motivation.

 

11.	People with a strong work ethic believe that working is immoral and lazy. FALSE

 

Learning Objective: 05-01 Define motivation.

 

12.	Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory of motivation assumes that when a need has been satisfied, it will no longer motivate a person’s behavior. TRUE

 

Learning Objective: 05-02 Explain need-based theories of motivation.

 

13.	According to Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory of motivation, people tend to satisfy their needs in a certain order: physiological needs, safety and security, belongingness and love, esteem, and finally, self-actualization. TRUE

 

Learning Objective: 05-02 Explain need-based theories of motivation.

 

14.	According to Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory of motivation, esteem needs include recognition from peers and colleagues. TRUE

 

Learning Objective: 05-02 Explain need-based theories of motivation.

 

15.	In the context of Abraham Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory, new employees are more likely to be working to meet esteem needs, while more established senior employees are likely motivated by security and safety needs. FALSE

 

Learning Objective: 05-02 Explain need-based theories of motivation.

 

16.	In the context of Abraham Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory, new employees are more likely to be working to meet esteem needs, while more established senior employees are likely motivated by security and safety needs. TRUE