Human Biology 14 Edition By Sylvia Mader – Test Bank

 

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Sample Test

Chapter 03

Cell Structure and Function

 

 

Multiple Choice Questions

1.   What are the folds in mitochondrial membranes called?
A. matrix
B.  cristae
C.  rugae
D.  lumen
E.  villi

The folds in the mitochondria are known as cristae.

 

Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 03.06.01 Understand the relationship of the products and reactants in a metabolic reaction
Section: 03.06
Topic: Organelles

2.   The gel-like fluid substance within a mitochondrion is called the
A. matrix.
B.  cristae.
C.  rugae.
D.  effluvium.
E.  villi.

The matrix of the mitochondrion is a gel-like fluid.

 

Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 03.06.01 Understand the relationship of the products and reactants in a metabolic reaction
Section: 03.06
Topic: Organelles

 

 

3.   The sum of all of the chemical reactions that occur in a cell collectively are called
A. respiration.
B.  anabolism.
C.  photosynthesis.
D.  metabolism.
E.  reaction summary.

Metabolism includes the sum of the chemical reactions that occur within a cell.

 

Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 03.06.02 Identify the role of an enzyme in a metabolic reaction.
Section: 03.06
Topic: Metabolic Pathways

4.   In a metabolic pathway, substrate Z is broken down to form product Y and X. Y is further broken down into products V and W. How many enzymes are required for this metabolic pathway?
A. one
B.  two
C.  three
D.  four
E.  five

Two enzymes are needed: one to break down Z and one to break down Y.

 

Blooms Level: 4. Analyze
Learning Outcome: 03.06.02 Identify the role of an enzyme in a metabolic reaction.
Section: 03.06
Topic: Enzymes

 

 

5.   Why is glycolysis believed to have evolved early in the history of life?
A. It breaks down sugar.
B.  It produces energy.
C.  It is present in most every type of cell.
D.  It does not require oxygen.
E.  It splits a 6-carbon molecule into two 3-carbon molecules.

Glycolysis is found in most every type of cell, therefore, it must have evolved early in the history of life.

 

Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 03.06.03 Summarize the roles of glycolysis, citric acid cycle, the electron transport chain, and fermentation in energy generation.
Section: 03.06
Topic: Glycolysis

6.   Which of the following steps in the breakdown of glucose does not require oxygen?
A. glycolysis
B.  citric acid cycle
C.  electron transport chain
D.  acetyl CoA conversion
E.  None of these require oxygen.

Glycolysis is anaerobic, because it requires no oxygen.  The citric acid cycle, electron transport chain, and acetyl CoA conversion all require the presence of oxygen to occur.  These are all steps associated with aerobic respiration.

 

Blooms Level: 4. Analyze
Learning Outcome: 03.06.03 Summarize the roles of glycolysis, citric acid cycle, the electron transport chain, and fermentation in energy generation.
Section: 03.06
Topic: Glycolysis

 

 

7.   What is the maximum number of ATP molecules produced during aerobic respiration?
A. 38
B.  36
C.  32
D.  2
E.  4

The maximum number of ATP produced during cellular respiration is 38.  The low side of the range for the entire cellular respiration process is 36.  32 ATP are produced during the ATP-synthase complex per glucose molecule.

 

Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 03.06.04 Illustrate the stages of the ATP cycle.
Section: 03.06
Topic: ATP

 

True / False Questions

8.   Only glucose can be used as an energy source in the human body.
FALSE

Other sugars as well as fats and proteins can be used as possible fuel for cellular respiration.

 

Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 03.06.03 Summarize the roles of glycolysis, citric acid cycle, the electron transport chain, and fermentation in energy generation.
Section: 03.06
Topic: Cellular Respiration

 

 

 

Short Answer Questions

9.   List, in order, the stages of aerobic cellular respiration.

Cellular respiration begins with glycolysis.  The resulting pyruvates are modified and then moved into the citric acid cycle within the matrix of the mitochondria.  The resulting NADH molecules from glycolysis are then moved to the electron transport chain in which they deliver electrons.  The electrons are passed down the electron transport chain, producing ATP and ultimately combining with oxygen.

 

Blooms Level: 6. Create
Learning Outcome: 03.06.03 Summarize the roles of glycolysis, citric acid cycle, the electron transport chain, and fermentation in energy generation.
Section: 03.06
Topic: Cellular Respiration

 

Multiple Choice Questions

10.                The first day of football practice was rough on the squad. During practice the players complained of cramps and sore muscles. The reason for their complaints was that there was a __________________ build up in their muscles.
A. glucose
B.  alcohol
C.  carbon dioxide
D.  carbon monoxide
E.  lactate

The reason for cramps and sore muscles complaints was that there was a lactate build up in their muscles due to anaerobic exercise.

 

Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 03.06.03 Summarize the roles of glycolysis, citric acid cycle, the electron transport chain, and fermentation in energy generation.
Section: 03.06
Topic: Fermentation and Anaerobic Respiration

 

 

 

Short Answer Questions

11.                Explain what occurs during endocytosis.

During endocytosis a portion of the plasma membrane invaginates and forms a pouch in order to envelop a substance and fluid.  As the membrane folds inward it will eventually pinch itself together forming a vesicle containing the substance or fluid inside of the cell.

 

Blooms Level: 6. Create
Learning Outcome: 03.03.05 Summarize how eukaryotic cells move large molecules across membranes.
Section: 03.03
Topic: Active Transport

 

True / False Questions

12.                Since all organisms carry on cellular respiration, all living cells must contain mitochondria.
FALSE

Prokaryotic cells carry out cellular respiration but they do not contain mitochondria. The elements of the respiratory pathway are present in the plasma membrane.

 

Blooms Level: 5. Evaluate
Learning Outcome: 03.06.02 Identify the role of an enzyme in a metabolic reaction.
Section: 03.06
Topic: Cellular Respiration

 

 

 

Multiple Choice Questions

13.                If the mitochondrion is the result of endosymbiosis, what membrane of the mitochondrion represents the engulfing vesicle?
A. the outer mitochondrial membrane
B.  vacuole
C.  cristae
D.  matrix
E.  grana

The outer mitochondrial membrane would come from the engulfing vesicle. The cristae is the inner mitochondrial membrane and would have represented the original prokaryotic membrane.

 

Blooms Level: 4. Analyze
Learning Outcome: 03.06.01 Understand the relationship of the products and reactants in a metabolic reaction
Section: 03.06
Topic: Eukaryote Structure

 

True / False Questions

14.                Fermentation produces more ATP than does aerobic respiration.
FALSE

Fermentation only produces 2 ATP while aerobic respiration produces 32 ATP.

 

Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 03.06.03 Summarize the roles of glycolysis, citric acid cycle, the electron transport chain, and fermentation in energy generation.
Section: 03.06
Topic: Fermentation and Anaerobic Respiration

 

 

15.                When ATP is broken down, heat is released.
TRUE

ATP breakdown releases heat and energy that can be used for metabolic work.

 

Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 03.06.04 Illustrate the stages of the ATP cycle.
Section: 03.06
Topic: ATP

 

Multiple Choice Questions

16.                If you could remove all the phosphate in the cell, what would happen to the ATP cycle?
A. It would stop when all the ATP had been converted into ADP.
B.  It would stop when all the ADP had been converted into ATP.
C.  It would cycle faster because the lack of phosphate would drive the cycle.
D.  It would cycle faster because of the buildup of ATP.
E.  It would not affect the ATP cycle.

Without phosphate, ADP cannot be converted back to ATP. So the cycle would stop when all the ATP had been converted to ADP.

 

Blooms Level: 4. Analyze
Learning Outcome: 03.06.04 Illustrate the stages of the ATP cycle.
Section: 03.06
Topic: ATP

 

 

17.                ________ are the fundamental units that make up all living things.
A. Compartments
B.  Cells
C.  Chromosomes
D.  Coelom
E.  Cristae

Cells are the basic unit of structure and function of all living things.

 

Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 03.01.01 State the basic principles of the cell theory.
Section: 03.01
Topic: Cell Theory

18.                The size of a metabolizing cell is limited by its
A. extracellular matrix.
B.  function.
C.  nuclear size.
D.  surface area-to-volume ratio.
E.  genome size.

The surface area of a cell reflects the ability to exchange materials and the volume reflects the cell’s metabolic needs. As the volume increases in cells, the surface area decreases.

 

Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 03.01.02 Explain how the surface area-to-volume ratio limits cell size.
Section: 03.01
Topic: Cell Theory

 

 

19.                Whose work proved conclusively that spontaneous generation of life from nonlife was not possible?
A. Louis Pasteur
B.  Charles Darwin
C.  John Ray
D.  Walther Flemming
E.  Georges Cuvier

Louis Pasteur proved that the spontaneous generation of life was not possible in 1864.

 

Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 03.01.01 State the basic principles of the cell theory.
Section: 03.01
Topic: Origin of Cells

20.                The reason that metabolizing cells are small in size is because
A. cells influence nearby cells to divide.
B.  the surface area of a cell must be able to accomplish nutrient/waste exchange.
C.  cells need to dissipate heat effectively.
D.  mitosis occurs before cells reach a certain size.
E.  cells need to communicate with adjacent cells.

Cells stay small because the surface area of a cell is important in the exchange of materials.

 

Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 03.01.02 Explain how the surface area-to-volume ratio limits cell size.
Section: 03.01
Topic: Plasma Membrane

 

 

21.                In developing embryos such as a chicken, what restores the amount of surface area needed for exchange requirements?
A. respiration
B.  catabolism
C.  anabolism
D.  cell division
E.  assimilation

Cell division restores the amount of surface area needed for exchange requirements.

 

Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 03.01.02 Explain how the surface area-to-volume ratio limits cell size.
Section: 03.01
Topic: Plasma Membrane

22.                If a cell has a volume of 3nm, what are the surface area and the volume of the cell?
A. 24nm
2, 8nm3
B.  38nm
2, 16nm3
C.  54nm
2, 27nm3
D.  64nm
2, 24nm3
E.  18nm
2, 6nm3

The surface area is 6 x 3 nm x 3 nm or 54nm2. The volume is 3 nm x 3 nm x 3 nm or 27nm3.

 

Blooms Level: 4. Analyze
Learning Outcome: 03.01.02 Explain how the surface area-to-volume ratio limits cell size.
Section: 03.01
Topic: Plasma Membrane

 

 

23.                What is the name of a photograph of a specimen obtained with a microscope?
A. negative
B.  dermatome
C.  thermograph
D.  micrograph
E.  chromatograph

A micrograph is a photograph of a specimen obtained with a microscope.

 

Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 03.01.03 Summarize the role of microscopy in the study of cells.
Section: 03.01
Topic: Cell Theory

24.                Viruses are not made up of cells. According to cell theory, this means what?
A. Viruses can cause disease.
B.  Cells come only from pre-existing cells.
C.  Cells can be infected by viruses.
D.  Viruses are not living.
E.  Cells and viruses are the same thing.

The cell theory states that all living things are made of cells. Therefore, anything not made of cells is not living.

 

Blooms Level: 4. Analyze
Learning Outcome: 03.01.01 State the basic principles of the cell theory.
Section: 03.01
Topic: Cell Theory

 

 

25.                Brett needs to distinguish two points that are 0.5 mm apart. What is the easiest way to do this?
A. Use a transmission electron microscope.
B.  Use a compound light microscope.
C.  Use his eyes.
D.  Use a magnifying glass.
E.  Use a scanning electron microscope.

The human eye is capable of resolving two points 0.1 mm apart, so he can distinguish these two points with his eyes.

 

Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 03.01.03 Summarize the role of microscopy in the study of cells.
Section: 03.01
Topic: Cell Theory

26.                The light microscope has a resolving power of
A. 0.1 mm.
B.  0.01 mm.
C.  0.0001 mm.
D.  0.000001 mm.
E.  0.00000001 mm.

The light microscope has a resolving power of 0.0001 mm.

 

Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 03.01.03 Summarize the role of microscopy in the study of cells.
Section: 03.01
Topic: Cell Theory

 

 

27.                What type of microscopy provides a three-dimensional view of the surface of an object?
A. compound light microscope
B.  transmission electron microscope
C.  scanning electron microscope
D.  phase contrast microscope
E.  ultraviolet microscope

The scanning electron microscope (SEM) provides a three-dimensional view of the surface of an object.

 

Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 03.01.03 Summarize the role of microscopy in the study of cells.
Section: 03.01
Topic: Cell Theory

28.                Angela would like to look at living algae from pond water. What type of equipment should she use?
A. compound light microscope
B.  transmission electron microscope
C.  scanning electron microscope
D.  magnifying glass
E.  her naked eye

Only the compound light microscope can be used to look at living specimens.

 

Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 03.01.03 Summarize the role of microscopy in the study of cells.
Section: 03.01
Topic: Cell Theory

 

 

 

True / False Questions

29.                Biologists classify cells into two broad categories–animals and plants.
FALSE

Biologists classify cells into two broad categories–the prokaryotes and eukaryotes.

 

Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 03.02.02 Distinguish between the structure of a prokaryotic cell and that of a eukaryotic cell.
Section: 03.02
Topic: Eukaryote Structure

 

Multiple Choice Questions

30.                Which of the following structures are present in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes?
A. plasma membrane
B.  nucleus
C.  endoplasmic reticulum
D.  Golgi body
E.  mitochondria

Only the plasma membrane is present in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells.

 

Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 03.02.02 Distinguish between the structure of a prokaryotic cell and that of a eukaryotic cell.
Section: 03.02
Topic: Plasma Membrane

 

 

 

True / False Questions

31.                Because bacteria are prokaryotes, they do not have DNA.
FALSE

Because bacteria are prokaryotes, they do not have a nucleus, but they do have DNA.

 

Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 03.02.02 Distinguish between the structure of a prokaryotic cell and that of a eukaryotic cell.
Section: 03.02
Topic: Prokaryote Structure

 

Multiple Choice Questions

32.                The phospholipid bilayer that surrounds/maintains the integrity of a cell is called a
A. plasma membrane.
B.  Sanger enclosure.
C.  hydrophobic membrane.
D.  dialysis membrane.
E.  mosaic membrane.

The phospholipid bilayer that surrounds/maintains the integrity of a cell is called the plasma membrane.

 

Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 03.02.01 Identify the components of a human cell and state the function of each.
Section: 03.02
Topic: Plasma Membrane

 

 

33.                What is the name of the semi-fluid medium inside the cell?
A. nucleolus
B.  cytoplasm
C.  organelle
D.  cytoskeleton
E.  mitochondrion

The cytoplasm is the semi-fluid internal medium found within the cell.

 

Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 03.02.01 Identify the components of a human cell and state the function of each.
Section: 03.02
Topic: Eukaryote Structure

 

True / False Questions

34.                The cytoplasm is not considered a cellular organelle.
TRUE

An organelle is any well-defined subcellular structure, so the cytoplasm is not an organelle. However, the cytoplasm does contain organelles.

 

Blooms Level: 5. Evaluate
Learning Outcome: 03.02.01 Identify the components of a human cell and state the function of each.
Section: 03.02
Topic: Eukaryote Structure

 

 

 

Multiple Choice Questions

35.                The plasma membrane contains how many layers of phospholipids?
A. one
B.  two
C.  four
D.  eight
E.  sixteen

The plasma membrane is a phospholipid bilayer, so it consists of two layers of phospholipids.

 

Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 03.02.01 Identify the components of a human cell and state the function of each.
Section: 03.02
Topic: Plasma Membrane

36.                Paleontologists have discovered ancient prokaryotic fossils dated at over 3.5 billion years old. These fossils resemble prokaryotes that are capable of living in extreme conditions such as high temperature and salinity. What domain do these prokaryotes belong to?
A. Protists
B.  Protoctista
C.  Archaea
D.  Archetista
E.  Eukarya

It is believed that the ancient prokaryotic cells were members of domain Archaea.

 

Blooms Level: 4. Analyze
Learning Outcome: 03.02.03 Summarize how eukaryotic cells evolved from prokaryotic cells.
Section: 03.02
Topic: Prokaryote Structure

 

 

37.                All of the following are possible origins of cell organelles in eukaryotes EXCEPT
A. invagination of the plasma membrane to form endoplasmic reticulum.
B.  incorporation of engulfed heterotrophic bacteria to form mitochondria.
C.  incorporation of engulfed autotrophic cyanobacteria to form chloroplasts.
D.  a symbiotic relationship between a host cell and a prokaryote that was taken up but not destroyed.
E.  groups of prokaryotic cells begin to live in a small group sharing products of metabolism.

Groups of prokaryotic cells do live together in groups and share products of metabolism but this is not considered part of how the first eukaryotic cells came to be.

 

Blooms Level: 4. Analyze
Learning Outcome: 03.02.03 Summarize how eukaryotic cells evolved from prokaryotic cells.
Section: 03.02
Topic: Origin of Cells

 

True / False Questions

38.                Archaea are considered the evolutionary precursors to eukaryotic cells.
TRUE

The eukaryotic cell is believed to have evolved from the archaea.

 

Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 03.02.03 Summarize how eukaryotic cells evolved from prokaryotic cells.
Section: 03.02
Topic: Origin of Cells

 

 

 

Multiple Choice Questions

39.                In the fluid-mosaic model of the plasma membrane, the phospholipid molecules are oriented so that the _____________ heads are facing the outside environment and the ________________ tails are facing the interior of the membrane.
A. hydrophobic, hydrophilic
B.  hydrophilic, hydrophobic
C.  autotrophic, heterotrophic
D.  heterotrophic, autotrophic
E.  ectothermic, endothermic

In the fluid-mosaic model of the plasma membrane, the phospholipid molecules are oriented so that the hydrophilic heads are facing the outside environment and the hydrophobic tails are facing the interior of the membrane.

 

Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 03.03.01 Describe the structure of the plasma membrane and list the type of molecules found in the membrane.
Section: 03.03
Topic: Plasma Membrane

40.                Which of the following is not a function of the plasma membrane?
A. determines which substances enter and leave the cell
B.  serves as a boundary between the cell and its environment
C.  contains receptor sites which determine how the cell interacts with its environment
D.  contains the genetic information
E.  marks the cell as belonging to a particular individual

The nucleus contains the genetic information. All of the rest are functions of the plasma membrane.

 

Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 03.03.01 Describe the structure of the plasma membrane and list the type of molecules found in the membrane.
Section: 03.03
Topic: Plasma Membrane

 

 

41.                Which model currently describes the structure of the plasma membrane?
A. endosymbiont model
B.  fluid-mosaic model
C.  plasmagel-plasmasol model
D.  lock and key model
E.  induced-fit model

The fluid-mosaic model is the current model of the membrane structure of a cell.

 

Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 03.03.01 Describe the structure of the plasma membrane and list the type of molecules found in the membrane.
Section: 03.03
Topic: Plasma Membrane

42.                A short chain of sugar attached to a protein molecule on the plasma membrane is called
A. a protomembrane.
B.  a protosugar.
C.  a glycocalyx.
D.  a glycolipid.
E.  a glycoprotein.

A short chain of sugar attached to a protein is called a glycoprotein.

 

Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 03.03.01 Describe the structure of the plasma membrane and list the type of molecules found in the membrane.
Section: 03.03
Topic: Plasma Membrane

 

 

43.                Which of the following can cross the plasma membrane because of its selective permeability?
A. gases such as oxygen and carbon dioxide
B.  ions
C.  large, polar molecules
D.  large, nonpolar molecules
E.  glycoproteins

Gases and non-polar molecules can cross the plasma membrane because of its selective permeability.

 

Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 03.03.02 Distinguish among diffusion, osmosis, and facilitated transport and state the role of each in the cell.
Section: 03.03
Topic: Plasma Membrane

44.                The movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane is called
A. denaturation.
B.  osmosis.
C.  dispersion.
D.  dissociation.
E.  reconstitution.

Osmosis is the diffusion of water across a semi-permeable membrane.

 

Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 03.03.02 Distinguish among diffusion, osmosis, and facilitated transport and state the role of each in the cell.
Section: 03.03
Topic: Passive Transport

 

 

45.                During a hurricane, salt water invades fresh water marshes causing many of the plants to die. The plants are killed because the salt water solution is __________________ to the plants, drawing water from their cells.
A. isotonic
B.  hypotonic
C.  mesotonic
D.  oligotonic
E.  hypertonic

The salt water is a hypertonic solution which can cause the death of the marsh plants by drawing water out of their cells.

 

Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 03.03.03 Explain how tonicity relates to the direction of water movement across a membrane.
Section: 03.03
Topic: Passive Transport

46.                What is the function of cholesterol in the plasma membrane?
A. cell marker
B.  receptor
C.  support
D.  channel
E.  enzyme

Molecules of cholesterol add support to the plasma membrane.

 

Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 03.03.01 Describe the structure of the plasma membrane and list the type of molecules found in the membrane.
Section: 03.03
Topic: Plasma Membrane

 

 

47.                A solution is at equilibrium across a plasma membrane. If 50 molecules were to enter the cell, how many molecules would need to exit the cell in order to maintain the equilibrium?
A. 50
B.  75
C.  25
D.  0
E.  100

In order to maintain a state of equilibrium the same number of molecules need to enter the cell as the number of molecules that leave the cell.

 

Blooms Level: 4. Analyze
Learning Outcome: 03.03.02 Distinguish among diffusion, osmosis, and facilitated transport and state the role of each in the cell.
Section: 03.03
Topic: Passive Transport

48.                Often when a person is admitted to the hospital, an intravenous solution of normal saline is begun. Since this does not harm the patient, what is the tonicity of normal saline compared to your blood?
A. hypertonic
B.  isotonic
C.  hypotonic
D.  pretonic
E.  osmotonic

Normal saline is isotonic to red blood cells in your blood since the salt concentrations are equal.

 

Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 03.03.03 Explain how tonicity relates to the direction of water movement across a membrane.
Section: 03.03
Topic: Passive Transport

 

 

49.                Choose the CORRECT statement about solute concentrations or particles inside and outside the cell.
A. In a hypertonic solution, there are more particles inside the cell.
B.  In a hypotonic solution, there are more particles outside the cell.
C.  In an isotonic solution the amount of water inside and outside the cell is equal.
D.  In a hypertonic solution, there is more water outside the cell.
E.  In a hypotonic solution, there is more water inside the cell.

In isotonic solutions, the water is equal inside and outside the cell.  In a hypertonic solution, there are more particles outside of the cell.  In a hypotonic solution, there are fewer particles outside of the cell.  In hypertonic solutions, there is less water outside the cell. In a hypotonic solution, there is more water outside of the cell.
 

Blooms Level: 4. Analyze
Learning Outcome: 03.03.03 Explain how tonicity relates to the direction of water movement across a membrane.
Section: 03.03
Topic: Passive Transport

50.                Brad placed a drop of blood in some distilled water. What happened in the red blood cells?
A. The cells shrunk.
B.  The cells burst.
C.  The cells did not change.
D.  The cells divided into 2 identical cells.
E.  The cellular metabolism increased in rate.

Cells placed in pure water would swell until they burst because they would be in a hypotonic solution.

 

Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 03.03.03 Explain how tonicity relates to the direction of water movement across a membrane.
Section: 03.03
Topic: Passive Transport

 

 

51.                The assisted transport of a molecule across the cell membrane without an expenditure of energy is known as what?
A.diffusion
B. facilitated transport
C. active transport
D. osmosis
E. crenation.

The first australopithecine to be discovered was unearthed in southern Africa by Raymond Dart in the 1920s.

 

Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 03.03.04 Compare passive-transport and active-transport mechanisms.
Section: 03.03
Topic: Passive Transport

 

True / False Questions

52.                In the sodium potassium pump, sodium and potassium are both pumped out of the cell via active transport.
FALSE

Sodium is pumped out of the cell while potassium is pumped into the cell.

 

Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 03.03.04 Compare passive-transport and active-transport mechanisms.
Section: 03.03
Topic: Active Transport

 

 

 

Multiple Choice Questions

53.                Which of the following does not utilize active transport?
A.movement of oxygen from the lungs into the blood
B. concentrating iodine ions in the thyroid gland
C. absorbing sugar in the gut
D. water homeostasis in the kidneys
E. movement of sodium and potassium in nerve cells

Limb anatomy suggests that australopithecines walked upright. However, the proportions of the limbs are apelike in that the forelimbs are longer than the hindlimbs.

 

Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 03.03.04 Compare passive-transport and active-transport mechanisms.
Section: 03.03
Topic: Active Transport

54.                Sheree observed an amoeba feeding by engulfing the prey with its false feet or pseudopods. This process is known as
A. pinocytosis.
B.  phagocytosis.
C.  exocytosis.
D.  facilitated transport.
E.  osmosis.

Phagocytosis involves the engulfing of an object by a cell.

 

Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 03.03.05 Summarize how eukaryotic cells move large molecules across membranes.
Section: 03.03
Topic: Active Transport

 

 

 

True / False Questions

55.                During exocytosis, the phospholipids present in the vesicle membrane will end up in the plasma membrane.
TRUE

During exocytosis, the vesicle membrane fuses with the plasma membrane, so the phospholipids of the vesicle will end up in the plasma membrane.

 

Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 03.03.05 Summarize how eukaryotic cells move large molecules across membranes.
Section: 03.03
Topic: Active Transport

 

Multiple Choice Questions

56.                Which of the following processes moves large molecules across a membrane in the opposite direction of the others?
A. exocytosis
B.  phagocytosis
C.  pinocytosis
D.  receptor-mediated endocytosis
E.  endocytosis

Exocytosis moves substances out of the cell, while all the others move substances into the cell.

 

Blooms Level: 4. Analyze
Learning Outcome: 03.03.05 Summarize how eukaryotic cells move large molecules across membranes.
Section: 03.03
Topic: Active Transport

 

 

57.                What cell structure is composed of a stack of slightly curved saccules that are important in packaging and secretion?
A. mitochondria
B.  vacuoles
C.  Golgi apparatus
D.  lysosomes
E.  endoplasmic reticulum

The Golgi apparatus is a stack of slightly curved saccules that are important in packaging and secretion.

 

Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 03.04.02 Summarize the function of the organelles of the endomembrane system.
Section: 03.04
Topic: Organelles

58.                What is the obvious dark-stained structure within the nucleus that contains ribosomal RNA called?
A. nucleus
B.  nucleolus
C.  nuclear envelope
D.  nucleoplasm
E.  endoplasmic reticulum

The nucleolus is an obvious dark-stained, RNA-rich structure housed in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.

 

Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 03.04.01 Describe the structure of the nucleus and explain its role as the storage place of genetic information.
Section: 03.04
Topic: Organelles

 

 

59.                The grainy-looking substance inside the nucleus is composed of
A. phospholipids.
B.  DNA and proteins.
C.  nucleoplasm.
D.  ribosomes.
E.  mitochondria.

The grainy-looking substance inside the nucleus is chromatin, a combination of DNA molecules and proteins.

 

Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 03.04.01 Describe the structure of the nucleus and explain its role as the storage place of genetic information.
Section: 03.04
Topic: Organelles

 

True / False Questions

60.                The nucleus of a cell in your thigh muscle contains the same genes as the nucleus of a cell in your brain.
TRUE

Every cell in the body contains the same genes.

 

Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 03.04.01 Describe the structure of the nucleus and explain its role as the storage place of genetic information.
Section: 03.04
Topic: Organelles

 

 

 

Multiple Choice Questions

61.                How large is a nuclear pore in the nuclear envelope?
A. larger than a ribosome
B.  larger than the Golgi apparatus
C.  larger than the endoplasmic reticulum
D.  smaller than a ribosome
E.  smaller than a protein

Nuclear pores must be larger than a ribosome in order to allow ribosomes to exit the nucleus. Proteins can also exit through the pores. The Golgi apparatus and endoplasmic reticulum are far larger than the nuclear pores.

 

Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 03.04.01 Describe the structure of the nucleus and explain its role as the storage place of genetic information.
Section: 03.04
Topic: Organelles

62.                If a cell lacked ribosomes, it would not be able to
A. form a spindle apparatus.
B.  synthesize proteins.
C.  respire oxidatively.
D.  break down fats.
E.  produce ATP.

If a cell lacked ribosomes it would not be able to engage in protein synthesis.

 

Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 03.04.03 Explain the role and location of the ribosomes.
Section: 03.04
Topic: Organelles

 

 

63.                What components make up the ribosomes?
A. proteins and rRNA
B.  proteins and DNA
C.  lipids and rRNA
D.  carbohydrates and rRNA
E.  proteins and DNA

Ribosomes are organelles composed of proteins and rRNA.

 

Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 03.04.03 Explain the role and location of the ribosomes.
Section: 03.04
Topic: Organelles

64.                What do the SER and RER have in common?
A. the presence of ribosomes
B.  the formation of transport vesicles
C.  the synthesis of phospholipids
D.  the synthesis of proteins
E.  the processing and modification of proteins

Both the rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum form transport vesicles.

 

Blooms Level: 4. Analyze
Learning Outcome: 03.04.02 Summarize the function of the organelles of the endomembrane system.
Section: 03.04
Topic: Organelles

 

 

65.                What is the main function of the ribosomes in the cell?
A. to synthesize proteins
B.  to synthesize DNA
C.  to breakdown proteins into individual amino acids
D.  to form the nuclear envelope
E.  to provide strength and structural support for the cell membrane

The primary role of the ribosome is to synthesize proteins within the cell.

 

Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 03.04.03 Explain the role and location of the ribosomes.
Section: 03.04
Topic: Organelles

66.                Which of the following would be a way of finishing this hypothesis about the function of the Golgi apparatus? If the Golgi apparatus is involved in packaging products for secretion, then
A. vesicles must travel from the Golgi to the cell surface.
B.  vesicles must travel from the RER and SER to the Golgi apparatus.
C.  the Golgi apparatus must be part of the endomembrane system.
D.  the Golgi apparatus must consist of 3 to 20 slightly curved sacs.
E.  the Golgi apparatus would contain proteins.

In order to be secretory, vesicles must travel from the Golgi to the cell surface. Although vesicles do travel from the RER and SER to the Golgi apparatus, this does not apply to secretion, only to intracellular transport. The Golgi apparatus is part of the endomembrane system, does consist of 3-20 slightly curved sacs, and does contain proteins, but none of these apply to a secretory function.

 

Blooms Level: 5. Evaluate
Learning Outcome: 03.04.02 Summarize the function of the organelles of the endomembrane system.
Section: 03.04
Topic: Organelles

 

 

67.                Which organelle can be likened to a post office?
A. nucleus
B.  nucleolus
C.  mitochondria
D.  endoplasmic reticulum
E.  Golgi apparatus

The Golgi apparatus is involved in processing, packaging, and secretion.

 

Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 03.04.02 Summarize the function of the organelles of the endomembrane system.
Section: 03.04
Topic: Organelles

68.                What cellular organelle is especially abundant in phagocytic white blood cells?
A. nuclei
B.  nucleoli
C.  Golgi apparati
D.  lysosomes
E.  ribosomes

Lysosomes contain hydrolytic enzymes and are particular numerous in phagocytic white blood cells.

 

Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 03.04.02 Summarize the function of the organelles of the endomembrane system.
Section: 03.04
Topic: Organelles

 

 

69.                Which of the following is not associated with the cytoskeleton?
A. intermediate filaments
B.  microtubules
C.  microbodies
D.  actin filaments
E.  centrosome

Microbodies are not a part of the cytoskeleton.

 

Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 03.05.02 Summarize the major protein fibers in the cytoskeleton.
Section: 03.05
Topic: Cytoskeleton

70.                Which of the following protein fibers is used for cellular movement and are extremely thin in size?
A. actin filaments
B.  intermediate filaments
C.  microtubules
D.  centrosome
E.  cilia

Actin filaments are used in movement of the cell and are very thin fibers.  Intermediate filaments are not the thinnest fibers.  Microtubules are very large filaments.  Centrosomes are the microtubule organizing center of the cell.  Cilia are associated with cellular movement but are not thin filaments.  They are composed of bundles of microtubules.

 

Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 03.05.02 Summarize the major protein fibers in the cytoskeleton.
Section: 03.05
Topic: Cytoskeleton

 

 

71.                Centrosomes are associated with
A. ribosomes.
B.  mitochondria.
C.  chromosomes.
D.  microtubules.
E.  lysosomes.

Centrosomes are responsible for the regulation of microtubule assembly.

 

Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 03.05.01 Explain the role of the cytoskeleton in the cell.
Section: 03.05
Topic: Cytoskeleton

72.                Which protein filaments are bundled together to form cilia?
A. microtubules
B.  actin filaments
C.  intermediate filaments
D.  centrosomes
E.  None of these.

Cilia are composed of bundles of microtubules.  Centrosomes are the microtubule organizing center of the cell.

 

Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 03.05.02 Summarize the major protein fibers in the cytoskeleton.
Section: 03.05
Topic: Cytoskeleton

 

 

73.                Which of the following is not a function of the cytoskeleton?
A. maintain a cell’s shape
B.  process proteins
C.  anchor organelles
D.  move organelles
E.  move the entire cell

The cytoskeleton is not responsible for the processing of proteins.

 

Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 03.05.01 Explain the role of the cytoskeleton in the cell.
Section: 03.05
Topic: Cytoskeleton

74.                Which structure in the human body will use flagella to move?
A. sperm
B.  eggs
C.  lining of the respiratory tract
D.  lining of the uterine tubes
E.  lining of the urinary system

Sperm contain flagella that enable them to move.  Human eggs do not move on their own, they are pushed along the female reproductive tract by cilia in the tract.  The lining of the respiratory tract and uterine tubes contain cilia that help move particles along.  The urinary system does not contain flagella or cilia.

 

Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 03.05.03 Describe the role of flagella and cilia in human cells.
Section: 03.05
Topic: Cytoskeleton

 

 

 

True / False Questions

75.                A malfunction with the microtubules would interfere with mitosis and meiosis.
TRUE

Microtubules form spindle fibers during mitosis and meiosis, which assist the movement of chromosomes.

 

Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 03.05.01 Explain the role of the cytoskeleton in the cell.
Section: 03.05
Topic: Cytoskeleton

 

Short Answer Questions

76.                Explain the functions of adhesion junctions, gap junctions, and tight junctions in human cells.

Adhesion junctions serve to mechanically attach adjacent cells to each other.  This type of junction allows movement of molecules between connected cells.  It forms a porous type of barrier.
Gap junctions serve to communicate information between cells.  It forms a channel that allows for the rapid movement of molecules from one cell to the next.
Tight junctions make solid connections between adjacent cells.  These cells form a solid barrier.

 

Blooms Level: 6. Create
Learning Outcome: 03.05.04 Compare the functions of adhesion junctions, gap junctions, and tight junctions in human cells.
Section: 03.05
Topic: Cell Junctions

 

 

 

Multiple Choice Questions

77.                Which of the following diseases would you expect in someone with malfunctioning cilia?
A. recurrent respiratory infections
B.  heart attack
C.  urinary infections
D.  muscle paralysis
E.  brittle bones

The lack of cilia on the cells that line the respiratory tract would result in recurrent respiratory infections.

 

Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 03.05.03 Describe the role of flagella and cilia in human cells.
Section: 03.05
Topic: Cytoskeleton

78.                Which type of junctions must there be between cells to form a barrier?
A. adhesion junctions
B.  gap junctions
C.  tight junctions
D.  channel junctions
E.  free junctions

Tight junctions are necessary to contain fluids within a specific area.

 

Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 03.05.04 Compare the functions of adhesion junctions, gap junctions, and tight junctions in human cells.
Section: 03.05
Topic: Cell Junctions

 

 

True / False Questions

79.                Cilia are composed of microtubules while flagella are composed of actin filaments.
FALSE

Both cilia and flagella are composed of microtubules.

 

Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 03.05.03 Describe the role of flagella and cilia in human cells.
Section: 03.05
Topic: Cytoskeleton

 

Multiple Choice Questions

80.                In an experiment in the laboratory, a small colored molecule is injected into one cell. Within minutes, the molecule has entered the adjacent cells. What type of junctions connect these cells?
A. gap junctions
B.  free junctions
C.  adhesion junctions
D.  tight junctions
E.  actin junctions

Gap junctions serve as communication portals between cells, allowing easy movement between adjacent cells.

 

Blooms Level: 4. Analyze
Learning Outcome: 03.05.04 Compare the functions of adhesion junctions, gap junctions, and tight junctions in human cells.
Section: 03.05
Topic: Cell Junctions

Chapter 05

Cardiovascular System: Heart and Blood Vessels

 

 

True / False Questions

1.   Gas exchange is the only function of blood.
FALSE

The blood has many functions, of which gas exchange is only one.

 

Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 05.01.02 Summarize the functions of the cardiovascular system.
Section: 05.01
Topic: Blood

 

Multiple Choice Questions

2.   When comparing the cardiovascular system to a city, what is it similar to?
A. roads
B.  government building
C.  grocery stores
D.  waste recycling plant
E.  power plant

The cardiovascular system is similar to the roads which transport goods between all of the other places in the city.

 

Blooms Level: 5. Evaluate
Learning Outcome: 05.01.02 Summarize the functions of the cardiovascular system.
Section: 05.01
Topic: Human Cardiovascular System

 

 

3.   Which part of the body is often diseased in alcoholics due to exposure to alcohol?
A. liver
B.  stomach
C.  kidneys
D.  esophagus
E.  large intestine

The liver is often diseased because the liver removes toxins and chemicals from the blood. Excessive amounts of alcohol removed by the liver often damages the liver tissue.

 

Blooms Level: 4. Analyze
Learning Outcome: 05.01.02 Summarize the functions of the cardiovascular system.
Section: 05.01
Topic: Human Cardiovascular System

4.   What are the two components of the cardiovascular system?
A. heart and blood vessels
B.  arteries and heart
C.  veins and heart
D.  arteries and veins
E.  capillaries and veins

The cardiovascular system consists of the heart and the blood vessels.

 

Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 05.01.01 Identify the two components of the cardiovascular system.
Section: 05.01
Topic: Human Cardiovascular System

 

 

 

 

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