Human Anatomy 5Th Edition By Michael McKinley

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Sample Test

Chapter 03

Embryology

Multiple Choice Questions

1. The embryonic period occurs during the
A.first three weeks of development.
B. third through the eighth week of development.
C. eighth through the twenty-fourth week of development.
D. last eight weeks of development.
E. full term of pregnancy.

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
HAPS Objective: R07.03 Describe the major events of embryonic and fetal development.
HAPS Topic: Module R07 Conception, pregnancy, and embryological and fetal development.
Learning Objective: 03.01.01. Identify the major events of the three prenatal periods.
Section: 03.01
Topic: Embryonic stage

2. The fetal period occurs during the
A. first three weeks of development.
B. third through the eighth week of development.
C. eighth through the twenty-fourth week of development.
D. last 30 weeks of development.
E. full term of pregnancy.

3. Differentiation refers to the
A. moment of conception (when sperm and egg unite).
B. time when the blastocyst implants in the uterine wall.
C. formation and organization of the diverse cell types in the body.
D. formation of the various organ systems in the body.
E. separation of the placenta from the fetus at birth.

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
HAPS Objective: R07.03 Describe the major events of embryonic and fetal development.
HAPS Topic: Module R07 Conception, pregnancy, and embryological and fetal development.
Learning Objective: 03.01.02. Describe the processes that comprise embryogenesis.
Section: 03.01
Topic: Embryonic stage

4. The human sex cells are called
A.spores.
B. genes.
C. gonads.
D. gametes.

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
HAPS Objective: R03.03 Contrast the process and the final products of spermatogenesis and oogenesis.
HAPS Topic: Module R03 Gametogenesis.
Learning Objective: 03.02.03. Describe the process of gametogenesis in females and males.
Section: 03.02a
Topic: Gametogenesis

5. The formation of sex cells in the human is termed
A. gametogenesis.
B. karyogenesis.
C. sporogenesis.
D. typogenesis.
E. differentiation.

6. In the human, the diploid genetic condition occurs
A. when the number of chromosomes equals the number of genes.
B. when a cell has 23 pairs of chromosomes.
C. when a cell has the (n) number of chromosomes.
D. when a cell has 23 chromosomes.
E. in each gamete just before fertilization.

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
HAPS Objective: R03.01 Contrast the overall processes of mitosis and meiosis.
HAPS Topic: Module R03 Gametogenesis.
Learning Objective: 03.02.03. Describe the process of gametogenesis in females and males.
Section: 03.02a
Topic: Gametogenesis

Which is regarding the process of meiosis?

1. Meiosis begins in a haploid state and concludes in the diploid condition.
B. Meiosis forms haploid daughter cells from a diploid cell.
C. Meiosis is represented by the notation: n ® 2n.
D. Most growth in the body is accomplished through meiosis.
E. Meiosis results in identical sex cells.

Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Gradable: automatic
HAPS Objective: R03.01 Contrast the overall processes of mitosis and meiosis.
HAPS Topic: Module R03 Gametogenesis.
Learning Objective: 03.02.04. Identify and describe the events that occur during meiosis.
Section: 03.02a
Topic: Gametogenesis

8. The event called “crossing over” in meiosis results in
A. greater genetic variety in sex cells and thus in embryos.
B. less genetic variety in sex cells.
C. greater vitality of sex cells making them more active.
D. a change in the gender (sex) of the embryo.
E. irreversible mutations.

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
HAPS Objective: R03.01 Contrast the overall processes of mitosis and meiosis.
HAPS Topic: Module R03 Gametogenesis.
Learning Objective: 03.02.04. Identify and describe the events that occur during meiosis.
Section: 03.02a
Topic: Gametogenesis

9. In what developmental stage does the human embryo implant in the wall of the uterus?
A. As a zygote
B. In the morula stage
C. In the blastocyst stage
D. In the gastrula stage
E. During organogenesis

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
HAPS Objective: R07.03 Describe the major events of embryonic and fetal development.
HAPS Topic: Module R07 Conception, pregnancy, and embryological and fetal development.
Learning Objective: 03.03.07. Explain how the bilaminar germinal disc is formed.
Section: 03.03c
Topic: Fertilization and the pre-embryonic stage

10.

A double-stranded chromosome consists of two genetically identical sister chromatids. What important biological event produced the sister chromatids?

1. Crossing over
B. Genetic mutation
C. Mitosis
D.

DNA replication

1. Reduction division

Bloom’s Level: 3. Apply
Gradable: automatic
HAPS Objective: R03.01 Contrast the overall processes of mitosis and meiosis.
HAPS Topic: Module R03 Gametogenesis.
Learning Objective: 03.02.04. Identify and describe the events that occur during meiosis.
Section: 03.02a
Topic: Gametogenesis

11. Why does meiosis pass through two complete cycles?
A. To assure that the gametes will be of the correct size
B. To allow crossing over to occur
C. So that the zygote will have the diploid number of chromosomes
D. Because two cycles are necessary to produce the proper shape of the gametes
E. Because the chromosomes are still double-stranded at the end of meiosis I

12. The process of separating homologous chromosomes is termed
A. replication.
B. reduction division.
C. nondisjunction.
D. cleavage.
E. differentiation.

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
HAPS Objective: R03.01 Contrast the overall processes of mitosis and meiosis.
HAPS Topic: Module R03 Gametogenesis.
Learning Objective: 03.02.04. Identify and describe the events that occur during meiosis.
Section: 03.02a
Topic: Gametogenesis

13. Oogenesis is the formation of
A. a new autosomal cell.
B. a new somatosomal cell.
C. a sperm.
D. an egg.
E. new ovaries.

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
HAPS Objective: R03.03 Contrast the process and the final products of spermatogenesis and oogenesis.
HAPS Topic: Module R03 Gametogenesis.
Learning Objective: 03.02.04. Identify and describe the events that occur during meiosis.
Section: 03.02b
Topic: Gametogenesis

14. A polar body is formed during
A. mitosis.
B. meiosis I.
C. meiosis II.
D. meiosis I and meiosis II.
E. ovulation.

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
HAPS Objective: R03.03 Contrast the process and the final products of spermatogenesis and oogenesis.
HAPS Topic: Module R03 Gametogenesis.
Learning Objective: 03.02.04. Identify and describe the events that occur during meiosis.
Section: 03.02b
Topic: Gametogenesis

15. The two items that form protective layers around the secondary oocyte are the zona pellucida and

A. polar body.
B. transverse membrane.
C.

corona radiata.

1. acrosome.
E.primary oocyte.

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
HAPS Objective: R03.03 Contrast the process and the final products of spermatogenesis and oogenesis.
HAPS Topic: Module R03 Gametogenesis.
Learning Objective: 03.02.04. Identify and describe the events that occur during meiosis.
Section: 03.02b
Topic: Gametogenesis

16. The secondary oocyte enters into an arrested state during its development. In what stage of development does this occur?
A. During metaphase I
B. During telophase I
C. During prophase II
D. During metaphase II
E. During telophase II

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
HAPS Objective: R03.03 Contrast the process and the final products of spermatogenesis and oogenesis.
HAPS Topic: Module R03 Gametogenesis.
Learning Objective: 03.02.04. Identify and describe the events that occur during meiosis.
Section: 03.02a
Topic: Gametogenesis

17. A major difference between oogenesis and spermatogenesis is that each cycle of oogenesis results in
A. four viable eggs, whereas a single cycle of spermatogenesis produces only one sperm.
B. three viable eggs, whereas a single cycle of spermatogenesis produces only one sperm.
C. only one viable egg, whereas a single cycle of spermatogenesis produces four spermatozoa.
D. three viable polar bodies, whereas a single cycle of spermatogenesis produces no polar bodies.
E. a tiny viable egg, whereas a single cycle of spermatogenesis produces four sperm, each much larger than the egg.

Bloom’s Level: 3. Apply
Gradable: automatic
HAPS Objective: R03.03 Contrast the process and the final products of spermatogenesis and oogenesis.
HAPS Topic: Module R03 Gametogenesis.
Learning Objective: 03.02.04. Identify and describe the events that occur during meiosis.
Section: 03.02a
Topic: Gametogenesis

18. The number of chromosomes in a secondary oocyte is
A. greater than the number in a mature sperm.
B. less than the number in a mature sperm.
C. the same as the number in a mature sperm.
D. greater than the number in a polar body.
E. less than the number in a polar body.

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
HAPS Objective: R03.03 Contrast the process and the final products of spermatogenesis and oogenesis.
HAPS Topic: Module R03 Gametogenesis.
Learning Objective: 03.02.04. Identify and describe the events that occur during meiosis.
Section: 03.02b
Topic: Gametogenesis

19. Spermiogenesis is
A. the formation of a spermatid.
B. the transformation of a spermatid into a functional sperm.
C. the process of a sperm finding an oocyte.
D. reduction division of a spermatogonium.
E. the process of a sperm losing its tail following fertilization.

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
HAPS Objective: R03.03 Contrast the process and the final products of spermatogenesis and oogenesis.
HAPS Topic: Module R03 Gametogenesis.
Learning Objective: 03.02.04. Identify and describe the events that occur during meiosis.
Section: 03.02c
Topic: Gametogenesis

20. Reduction division occurs during
A. mitosis.
B. meiosis.
C. both mitosis and meiosis.

21.

The single cell resulting from fertilization is a(n)

1. blastocyst.
B. morula.
C. trophoblast.
D. embryoblast.
E. zygote.

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
HAPS Objective: R07.02 Define fertilization.
HAPS Topic: Module R07 Conception, pregnancy, and embryological and fetal development.
Learning Objective: 03.03.05. Describe the major events of fertilization.
Section: 03.03a
Topic: Fertilization and the pre-embryonic stage

22. Once implantation takes place the pre-embryo is divided into two general areas. Which of these two actually gives rise to the embryo?
A. Trophoblast
B. Cytotrophoblast
C. Syncytiotrophoblast
D. Embryoblast
E. Morula

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
HAPS Objective: R07.03 Describe the major events of embryonic and fetal development.
HAPS Topic: Module R07 Conception, pregnancy, and embryological and fetal development.
Learning Objective: 03.03.06. Outline the effects of cleavage.
Section: 03.03c
Topic: Fertilization and the pre-embryonic stage

23. Which is not correct about fertilization?
A. It establishes the three primary germ layers.
B. It combines male and female genetic material.
C. It determines the sex of the organism.
D. It initiates cleavage.
E. It restores the diploid number of chromosomes.

Bloom’s Level: 3. Apply
Gradable: automatic
HAPS Objective: R07.02 Define fertilization.
HAPS Topic: Module R07 Conception, pregnancy, and embryological and fetal development.
Learning Objective: 03.03.05. Describe the major events of fertilization.
Section: 03.03a
Topic: Fertilization and the pre-embryonic stage

24. Following ovulation, how long does a secondary oocyte remain viable?
A. For about 1-2 hours
B. Approximately 12 hours
C. For about 1 day
D. Between 3-5 days
E. For approximately 1 week

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
HAPS Objective: R03.03 Contrast the process and the final products of spermatogenesis and oogenesis.
HAPS Topic: Module R03 Gametogenesis.
Learning Objective: 03.02.04. Identify and describe the events that occur during meiosis.
Section: 03.02b
Topic: Fertilization and the pre-embryonic stage

25. What is capacitation?
A. Another term for fertilization
B. Implantation of the embryo into the uterine wall
C. Movement of the fertilized egg down the fallopian tube
D. Release of the secondary oocyte from the ovary
E. Conditioning of the sperm within the female reproductive tract

Bloom’s Level: 3. Apply
Gradable: automatic
HAPS Objective: R07.01 Describe conception, including sperm capacitation, acrosomal reaction, sperm penetration, cortical reaction, and fusion of pronuclei.
HAPS Topic: Module R07 Conception, pregnancy, and embryological and fetal development.
Learning Objective: 03.03.05. Describe the major events of fertilization.
Section: 03.03a
Topic: Fertilization and the pre-embryonic stage

26. The acrosome
A. carries the DNA.
B. is responsible for movement of a spermatozoan.
C. provides nourishment to the sperm.
D. contains enzymes to break through protective layers surrounding the secondary oocyte.
E. initiates growth of the sperm tail.

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
HAPS Objective: R07.01 Describe conception, including sperm capacitation, acrosomal reaction, sperm penetration, cortical reaction, and fusion of pronuclei.
HAPS Topic: Module R07 Conception, pregnancy, and embryological and fetal development.
Learning Objective: 03.03.05. Describe the major events of fertilization.
Section: 03.03a
Topic: Fertilization and the pre-embryonic stage

27. Of the millions of sperm deposited into the vagina during intercourse, only a few hundred reach the secondary oocyte. What happens to the rest?
A. Many leak out of the vagina.
B. Some never become motile.
C. They may be destroyed by the acidic environment of the female tract.
D. They may become disoriented and lose direction.
E. All of the choices are correct.

28. The correct chronological pathway of fertilization is
A. zona pellucida penetration ® corona radiata penetration ® pronuclei fusion.
B. corona radiata penetration ® zona pellucida penetration ® pronuclei fusion.
C. pronuclei fusion ® corona radiata penetration ® zona pellucida penetration.
D. pronuclei fusion ® zona pellucida penetration ® corona radiata penetration.
E. corona radiata penetration ® pronuclei fusion ® zona pellucida penetration.

29. Some estimates claim that approximately ______ percent of all pregnancies result in spontaneous abortion, many due to chromosomal abnormalities.
A. 10
B. 20
C. 30
D. 40
E. 50

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
HAPS Objective: R11.02 Predict the types of problems that would occur in the body if the reproductive system could not maintain homeostasis.
HAPS Topic: Module R11 Predictions related to homeostatic imbalance, including disease states and disorders.
Learning Objective: 03.03.05. Describe the major events of fertilization.
Section: 03.03a
Topic: Gametogenesis

30. At its formation, a morula consists of ______ cells.
A. 4
B. 8
C. 16
D. 32
E. 64

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
HAPS Objective: R07.03 Describe the major events of embryonic and fetal development.
HAPS Topic: Module R07 Conception, pregnancy, and embryological and fetal development.
Learning Objective: 03.03.06. Outline the effects of cleavage.
Section: 03.03b
Topic: Fertilization and the pre-embryonic stage

31. The hormone hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) is produced by the
A. chorion.
B. cytotrophoblast.
C. endometrium.
D. corpus luteum.
E. syncytiotrophoblast.

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
HAPS Objective: R07.05 Describe the hormonal changes during pregnancy and the effect of these hormones.
HAPS Topic: Module R07 Conception, pregnancy, and embryological and fetal development.
Learning Objective: 03.03.06. Outline the effects of cleavage.
Section: 03.03c
Topic: Embryonic stage

32. The implantation process begins by about day _____ following fertilization.
A. 2
B. 4
C. 7
D. 10
E. 12

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
HAPS Objective: R07.03 Describe the major events of embryonic and fetal development.
HAPS Topic: Module R07 Conception, pregnancy, and embryological and fetal development.
Learning Objective: 03.03.06. Outline the effects of cleavage.
Section: 03.03c
Topic: Fertilization and the pre-embryonic stage

33. The blastodisc (bilaminar germinal disc) of the early embryo consists of the
A. hypoblast and the epiblast.
B. hypoblast and the trophoblast.
C. epiblast and the trophoblast.
D. hypoblast and the cytotrophoblast.
E. cytotrophoblast and the epiblast.

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
HAPS Objective: R07.03 Describe the major events of embryonic and fetal development.
HAPS Topic: Module R07 Conception, pregnancy, and embryological and fetal development.
Learning Objective: 03.03.07. Explain how the bilaminar germinal disc is formed.
Section: 03.03d
Topic: Fertilization and the pre-embryonic stage

34. Which is not one of the extraembryonic membranes that form early in the development of the embryo?
A. Chorion
B. Placenta
C. Amnion
D. Yolk sac
E. All of these are correct.

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
HAPS Objective: R07.04 Describe the formation and function of the placenta and extraembryonic membranes.
HAPS Topic: Module R07 Conception, pregnancy, and embryological and fetal development.
Learning Objective: 03.03.08. Describe the organization of the extraembryonic membranes.
Section: 03.03e
Topic: Fertilization and the pre-embryonic stage

35. Although the early digestive system maintains contact with the embryonic yolk sac, it does not gain any nourishment from the sac. Instead, the yolk sac is involved with the formation of
A. the heart and lungs.
B. the reproductive organs.
C. blood vessels and blood cells.
D. bones.
E. skeletal muscle tissue.

Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Gradable: automatic
HAPS Objective: R07.04 Describe the formation and function of the placenta and extraembryonic membranes.
HAPS Topic: Module R07 Conception, pregnancy, and embryological and fetal development.
Learning Objective: 03.03.08. Describe the organization of the extraembryonic membranes.
Section: 03.03e
Topic: Embryonic stage

36. The amnion is one of the extraembryonic membranes, and its function is to
A. prevent desiccation of the embryo.
B. allow fluid to enter the placenta.
C. form the plasma portion of the blood.
D. give the embryo nourishment.
E. permit implantation to occur.

37.

The function of the chorion is to

1. prevent desiccation of the embryo.
B. assist in the formation of the circulatory system.
C. form red blood cells.
D. aid in the formation of the placenta.
E. cover the embryo in a protective layer of mucus.

38. What process does the pre-embryo undergo in order to from into a tightly grouped ball of cells?
A. Meiosis
B. Implantation
C. Dissolution
D. Compaction
E. Morulation

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
HAPS Objective: R07.03 Describe the major events of embryonic and fetal development.
HAPS Topic: Module R07 Conception, pregnancy, and embryological and fetal development.
Learning Objective: 03.03.06. Outline the effects of cleavage.
Section: 03.03b
Topic: Fertilization and the pre-embryonic stage

39. Which is not a function of the placenta in humans?
A. Exchange of nutrients
B. Exchange of respiratory gases
C. Transmission of maternal antibodies
D. Transfer of blood between mother and embryo
E. Production of hormones

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
HAPS Objective: R07.04 Describe the formation and function of the placenta and extraembryonic membranes.
HAPS Topic: Module R07 Conception, pregnancy, and embryological and fetal development.
Learning Objective: 03.03.09. Identify the components of the placenta.
Section: 03.03e
Topic: Embryonic stage

40. The fetal portion of the placenta forms from the
A. amnion.
B. yolk sac.
C. inner cell mass.
D. chorion.
E. blastocoel.

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
HAPS Objective: R07.04 Describe the formation and function of the placenta and extraembryonic membranes.
HAPS Topic: Module R07 Conception, pregnancy, and embryological and fetal development.
Learning Objective: 03.03.09. Identify the components of the placenta.
Section: 03.03e
Topic: Fetal stage

41. It takes about _______ for the placenta to become fully formed.
A. 1 week
B. 2 weeks
C. 1 month
D. 2 months
E. 3 months

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
HAPS Objective: R07.04 Describe the formation and function of the placenta and extraembryonic membranes.
HAPS Topic: Module R07 Conception, pregnancy, and embryological and fetal development.
Learning Objective: 03.03.09. Identify the components of the placenta.
Section: 03.03e
Topic: Fetal stage

42. What structure produces estrogen and progesterone until the placenta is fully formed?
A. Endometrium
B. Corpus luteum
C. Pituitary gland
D. Amnion
E. Yolk sac

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
HAPS Objective: R07.05 Describe the hormonal changes during pregnancy and the effect of these hormones.
HAPS Topic: Module R07 Conception, pregnancy, and embryological and fetal development.
Learning Objective: 03.03.09. Identify the components of the placenta.
Section: 03.03e
Topic: Fertilization and the pre-embryonic stage

43. When does the embryonic period officially begin?
A. With the onset of cleavage
B. At the time of implantation
C. With the establishment of the three primary germ layers
D. When the umbilical cord becomes functional
E. At fertilization

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
HAPS Objective: R07.03 Describe the major events of embryonic and fetal development.
HAPS Topic: Module R07 Conception, pregnancy, and embryological and fetal development.
Learning Objective: 03.04.10. Describe the processes that occur during gastrulation.
Section: 03.04
Topic: Embryonic stage

44. What happens during gastrulation?
A. The three primary germ layers are formed.
B. The embryo implants in the wall of the uterus.
C. The placenta becomes functional.
D. The chorion disintegrates.
E. The amnionic fluid appears.

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
HAPS Objective: R07.03 Describe the major events of embryonic and fetal development.
HAPS Topic: Module R07 Conception, pregnancy, and embryological and fetal development.
Learning Objective: 03.04.10. Describe the processes that occur during gastrulation.
Section: 03.04a
Topic: Embryonic stage

45. What is the feature that first signals gastrulation?
A. Invagination of cells from the epiblast occurs.
B. Folding of the embryonic disc occurs.
C. The yolk sac disappears.
D. The embryonic disc forms.
E. The primitive streak forms.

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
HAPS Objective: R07.03 Describe the major events of embryonic and fetal development.
HAPS Topic: Module R07 Conception, pregnancy, and embryological and fetal development.
Learning Objective: 03.04.10. Describe the processes that occur during gastrulation.
Section: 03.04a
Topic: Embryonic stage

46. Which is not correct concerning cephalocaudal folding of the embryonic disc?
A. It occurs before the primary germ layers have formed.
B. It occurs in the cephalic and caudal regions of the embryo.
C. It occurs because of differential growth in different regions of the embryonic disc.
D. It occurs during the late third and fourth weeks of development.
E. It helps create the future head and buttocks regions of the embryo.

Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Gradable: automatic
HAPS Objective: R07.03 Describe the major events of embryonic and fetal development.
HAPS Topic: Module R07 Conception, pregnancy, and embryological and fetal development.
Learning Objective: 03.04.11. Identify the nature of the three primary germ layers.
Section: 03.04b
Topic: Embryonic stage

47. During embryonic development, a process called transverse folding creates the
A. digestive and respiratory tracts.
B. pelvic girdle and lower appendages.
C. cylindrical trunk or torso region of the embryo.
D. primary germ layers.
E. neural tube.

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
HAPS Objective: R07.03 Describe the major events of embryonic and fetal development.
HAPS Topic: Module R07 Conception, pregnancy, and embryological and fetal development.
Learning Objective: 03.04.12. Describe the major structures formed from each of the primary germ layers.
Section: 03.04b
Topic: Embryonic stage

48. From which primary germ layer is the nervous system derived?
A. Ectoderm
B. Mesoderm
C. Endoderm

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
HAPS Objective: R07.03 Describe the major events of embryonic and fetal development.
HAPS Topic: Module R07 Conception, pregnancy, and embryological and fetal development.
Learning Objective: 03.04.12. Describe the major structures formed from each of the primary germ layers.
Section: 03.04b
Topic: Embryonic stage

49. From which primary germ layer is the epidermis of the skin derived?
A. Ectoderm
B. Mesoderm
C. Endoderm

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
HAPS Objective: R07.03 Describe the major events of embryonic and fetal development.
HAPS Topic: Module R07 Conception, pregnancy, and embryological and fetal development.
Learning Objective: 03.04.12. Describe the major structures formed from each of the primary germ layers.
Section: 03.04b
Topic: Embryonic stage

50. From which primary germ layer are muscles derived?
A. Ectoderm
B. Mesoderm
C. Endoderm

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
HAPS Objective: R07.03 Describe the major events of embryonic and fetal development.
HAPS Topic: Module R07 Conception, pregnancy, and embryological and fetal development.
Learning Objective: 03.04.12. Describe the major structures formed from each of the primary germ layers.
Section: 03.04d
Topic: Embryonic stage

51. From which primary germ layer is the dermis of the skin derived?
A. Ectoderm
B. Mesoderm
C. Endoderm

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
HAPS Objective: R07.03 Describe the major events of embryonic and fetal development.
HAPS Topic: Module R07 Conception, pregnancy, and embryological and fetal development.
Learning Objective: 03.04.12. Describe the major structures formed from each of the primary germ layers.
Section: 03.04e
Topic: Embryonic stage

52. From which primary germ layer is the heart derived?
A. Ectoderm
B. Mesoderm
C. Endoderm

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
HAPS Objective: R07.03 Describe the major events of embryonic and fetal development.
HAPS Topic: Module R07 Conception, pregnancy, and embryological and fetal development.
Learning Objective: 03.04.12. Describe the major structures formed from each of the primary germ layers.
Section: 03.04d
Topic: Embryonic stage

53. From which primary germ layer is the gall bladder derived?
A. Ectoderm
B. Mesoderm
C. Endoderm

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
HAPS Objective: R07.03 Describe the major events of embryonic and fetal development.
HAPS Topic: Module R07 Conception, pregnancy, and embryological and fetal development.
Learning Objective: 03.04.12. Describe the major structures formed from each of the primary germ layers.
Section: 03.04d
Topic: Embryonic stage

54. From which primary germ layer is the thyroid gland derived?
A. Ectoderm
B. Mesoderm
C. Endoderm

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
HAPS Objective: R07.03 Describe the major events of embryonic and fetal development.
HAPS Topic: Module R07 Conception, pregnancy, and embryological and fetal development.
Learning Objective: 03.04.12. Describe the major structures formed from each of the primary germ layers.
Section: 03.04f
Topic: Embryonic stage

55. From which primary germ layer is the lining of the digestive tract derived?
A. Ectoderm
B. Mesoderm
C. Endoderm

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
HAPS Objective: R07.03 Describe the major events of embryonic and fetal development.
HAPS Topic: Module R07 Conception, pregnancy, and embryological and fetal development.
Learning Objective: 03.04.12. Describe the major structures formed from each of the primary germ layers.
Section: 03.04f
Topic: Embryonic stage

56. Neurulation is an example of
A. compaction.
B. blastulation.
C. gastrulation.
D. induction.
E. organogenesis.

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
HAPS Objective: R07.03 Describe the major events of embryonic and fetal development.
HAPS Topic: Module R07 Conception, pregnancy, and embryological and fetal development.
Learning Objective: 03.04.11. Identify the nature of the three primary germ layers.
Section: 03.04c
Topic: Embryonic stage

57. Neural crest cells give rise to
A. melanocytes.
B. the adrenal medulla.
C. spinal ganglia
D. skeletal and muscular components of the head.
E. All of the choices are correct.

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
HAPS Objective: R07.03 Describe the major events of embryonic and fetal development.
HAPS Topic: Module R07 Conception, pregnancy, and embryological and fetal development.
Learning Objective: 03.04.13. Outline the steps involved in neurulation.
Section: 03.04c
Topic: Embryonic stage

58. Formation of the neural tube
A. begins at the anterior (head) end and proceeds toward the posterior (tail).
B. begins at the posterior and proceeds toward the anterior.
C. begins in the middle and proceeds toward the head and the tail.
D. is random in that it can begin and proceed at any location along the neural plate.
E. is caused by compaction of the neural plate.

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
HAPS Objective: R07.03 Describe the major events of embryonic and fetal development.
HAPS Topic: Module R07 Conception, pregnancy, and embryological and fetal development.
Learning Objective: 03.04.13. Outline the steps involved in neurulation.
Section: 03.04c
Topic: Embryonic stage

59. The axial skeleton, most muscle, cartilage, dermis, and connective tissues are derived from blocklike embryonic structures called
A. teratogens.
B. dermatomes.
C. notochords.
D. lateral plates.
E. somites.

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
HAPS Objective: R07.03 Describe the major events of embryonic and fetal development.
HAPS Topic: Module R07 Conception, pregnancy, and embryological and fetal development.
Learning Objective: 03.04.13. Outline the steps involved in neurulation.
Section: 03.04d
Topic: Embryonic stage

60. What is the name given to substances that can cause birth defects or even death if exposure to them occurs during the embryonic period?
A. Mutagens
B. Antibiotics
C. Fungicides
D. Teratogens
E. Pesticides

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
HAPS Objective: R11.01 Predict factors or situations affecting the reproductive system that could disrupt homeostasis.
HAPS Topic: Module R11 Predictions related to homeostatic imbalance, including disease states and disorders.
Learning Objective: 03.04.13. Outline the steps involved in neurulation.
Section: 03.04f
Topic: Embryonic stage

61. The fetal period
A. extends from the beginning of the 9th week until birth.
B. extends from the beginning of the 12th week until birth.
C. includes only the middle trimester.
D. includes only the last trimester.
E. extends from the end of the 4th week until birth.

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
HAPS Objective: R07.03 Describe the major events of embryonic and fetal development.
HAPS Topic: Module R07 Conception, pregnancy, and embryological and fetal development.
Learning Objective: 03.05.14. Identify and describe the major events during the fetal stage of development.
Section: 03.05
Topic: Fetal stage

62. Two standard measurements are used to determine fetal length. Which of these would be the longer of the two measurements on any normal fetus?
A. CHL
B. CRL
C. HTL
D. HRL
E. CFL

Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Gradable: automatic
HAPS Objective: R07.03 Describe the major events of embryonic and fetal development.
HAPS Topic: Module R07 Conception, pregnancy, and embryological and fetal development.
Learning Objective: 03.05.14. Identify and describe the major events during the fetal stage of development.
Section: 03.05
Topic: Fetal stage

63. During which fetal stage do reproductive organs and permanent kidneys begin to develop?
A. Weeks 1-8
B. Weeks 9-12
C. Weeks 13-16
D. Weeks 17-20
E. Weeks 21-38

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
HAPS Objective: R07.03 Describe the major events of embryonic and fetal development.
HAPS Topic: Module R07 Conception, pregnancy, and embryological and fetal development.
Learning Objective: 03.05.14. Identify and describe the major events during the fetal stage of development.
Section: 03.05
Topic: Fetal stage

64. During this fetal stage, lanugo covers the skin and the limbs near their final proportions.
A. Weeks 1-8
B. Weeks 9-12
C. Weeks 13-16
D. Weeks 17-20
E. Weeks 21-38

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
HAPS Objective: R07.03 Describe the major events of embryonic and fetal development.
HAPS Topic: Module R07 Conception, pregnancy, and embryological and fetal development.
Learning Objective: 03.05.14. Identify and describe the major events during the fetal stage of development.
Section: 03.05
Topic: Fetal stage

65. During this critical period the subcutaneous fat is deposited and testes descend into the scrotum.
A. Weeks 1-8
B. Weeks 9-12
C. Weeks 13-16
D. Weeks 17-20
E. Weeks 21-38

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
HAPS Objective: R07.03 Describe the major events of embryonic and fetal development.
HAPS Topic: Module R07 Conception, pregnancy, and embryological and fetal development.
Learning Objective: 03.05.14. Identify and describe the major events during the fetal stage of development.
Section: 03.05
Topic: Fetal stage

66. What would happen if more than one sperm penetrated a secondary oocyte, an event termed polyspermy?
A. Identical twins would result.
B. The sperm with the most advanced chromosomes would merge with the female nucleus.
C. The extra sperm would most likely fertilize one of the polar bodies.
D. The resulting zygote would not develop.
E. This never happens due to genetic controls.

Bloom’s Level: 3. Apply
Gradable: automatic
HAPS Objective: R07.01 Describe conception, including sperm capacitation, acrosomal reaction, sperm penetration, cortical reaction, and fusion of pronuclei.
HAPS Topic: Module R07 Conception, pregnancy, and embryological and fetal development.
Learning Objective: 03.01.01. Identify the major events of the three prenatal periods.
Section: 03.01
Topic: Fertilization and the pre-embryonic stage

67. The number of possible combinations of genes in humans is virtually limitless. One reason is random assortment of chromosomes and the other is
A. random mating.
B. crossing over.
C. reduction division.
D. nondisjunction.
E. spermiogenesis.

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
HAPS Objective: R03.01 Contrast the overall processes of mitosis and meiosis.
HAPS Topic: Module R03 Gametogenesis.
Learning Objective: 03.02.04. Identify and describe the events that occur during meiosis.
Section: 03.02a
Topic: Gametogenesis

68. What happens to the polar bodies that are produced during oogenesis?
A. They participate in the formation of the extra-embryonic membranes.
B. They provide yolk to nourish the early embryo.
C. They help to form the placenta.
D. They degenerate.
E. They are incorporated into the inner cell mass.

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
HAPS Objective: R03.03 Contrast the process and the final products of spermatogenesis and oogenesis.
HAPS Topic: Module R03 Gametogenesis.
Learning Objective: 03.02.04. Identify and describe the events that occur during meiosis.
Section: 03.02a
Topic: Gametogenesis

69. What would happen if capacitation did not occur?
A. The egg (oogonium) would not mature.
B. Ejaculation could not occur.
C. The sperm could not reach the egg.
D. Ovulation could not occur.
E. Spermiogenesis would be impeded.

70. Down syndrome is the result of
A. improper crossing over.
B. nondisjunction.
C. improper implantation.
D. incomplete capacitation.
E. disassociation.

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
HAPS Objective: R11.02 Predict the types of problems that would occur in the body if the reproductive system could not maintain homeostasis.
HAPS Topic: Module R11 Predictions related to homeostatic imbalance, including disease states and disorders.
Learning Objective: 03.02.04. Identify and describe the events that occur during meiosis.
Section: 03.02b
Topic: Gametogenesis

71. Trisomy refers to
A. the development of three primary germ layers.
B. three layers of cells.
C. the formation of triplets.
D. there being three copies of a given chromosome instead of two.
E. the formation of the three extra-embryonic membranes.

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
HAPS Objective: R11.02 Predict the types of problems that would occur in the body if the reproductive system could not maintain homeostasis.
HAPS Topic: Module R11 Predictions related to homeostatic imbalance, including disease states and disorders.
Learning Objective: 03.02.04. Identify and describe the events that occur during meiosis.
Section: 03.02b
Topic: Gametogenesis

72. Which position of the three primary germ layers in the early embryo is correct?
A. Ectoderm on the inside, endoderm on the outside, and mesoderm in the middle
B. Endoderm on the inside, ectoderm on the outside, and mesoderm in the middle
C. Mesoderm on the inside, endoderm on the outside, and ectoderm in the middle
D. Ectoderm on the inside, mesoderm on the outside, and endoderm in the middle
E. Mesoderm on the inside, ectoderm on the outside, and endoderm in the middle

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
HAPS Objective: R07.03 Describe the major events of embryonic and fetal development.
HAPS Topic: Module R07 Conception, pregnancy, and embryological and fetal development.
Learning Objective: 03.04.10. Describe the processes that occur during gastrulation.
Section: 03.04a
Topic: Embryonic stage

73. What would be the result if the notochord failed to develop?
A. The digestive system could not develop properly.
B. The circulatory system could not develop properly.
C. The skeletal system could not develop properly.
D. The nervous system could not develop properly.
E. The reproductive system could not develop properly.

Bloom’s Level: 3. Apply
Gradable: automatic
HAPS Objective: R07.03 Describe the major events of embryonic and fetal development.
HAPS Topic: Module R07 Conception, pregnancy, and embryological and fetal development.
Learning Objective: 03.04.11. Identify the nature of the three primary germ layers.
Section: 03.04a
Topic: Embryonic stage

74.

Which statement is not correct concerning fertilization?

1. Digestive enzymes released from the acrosome eat away the intercellular connections in the corona radiata.
B. Once a sperm has penetrated the oocyte, the zona pellucida hardens to prevent additional sperm from penetrating.
C. Only the sperm nucleus enters the oocyte cytoplasm.
D.

Fusion of pronuclei produces a haploid nucleus.

75.

This figure shows a superior view of the developing embryo. What structure does number 1 indicate?

1. Yolk sac
B. Notochord
C. Primitive streak
D. Epiblast
E. Hypoblast

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Figure: 03.08
Gradable: automatic
HAPS Objective: R07.03 Describe the major events of embryonic and fetal development.
HAPS Topic: Module R07 Conception, pregnancy, and embryological and fetal development.
Learning Objective: 03.04.10. Describe the processes that occur during gastrulation.
Section: 03.04a
Topic: Embryonic stage

76.

This figure shows a cross-sectional view of the developing embryo. Which of the three primary germ layers does number 1 indicate?

1. Ectoderm
B. Mesoderm
C. Endoderm

77. The process of embryogenesis includes
A.gastrulation.
B. fertilization.
C. gametogenesis.
D. formation of a zygote.

Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Gradable: automatic
HAPS Objective: R07.03 Describe the major events of embryonic and fetal development.
HAPS Topic: Module R07 Conception, pregnancy, and embryological and fetal development.
Learning Objective: 03.01.02. Describe the processes that comprise embryogenesis.
Section: 03.04a
Topic: Embryonic stage

Chapter 05

Integumentary System

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Another name for the skin is the _________ membrane.
A.serous
B. parietal
C. mucous
D. cutaneous
E. visceral

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Learning Objective: 05.01.01. Describe the general structure of the integument.
Section: 05.01a
Topic: Gross anatomy of skin

2. Which describes the skin’s form and function?
A.A barrier
B. Indicator of health
C. Washable
D. Self-renewing
E. All of the choices are correct.

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
HAPS Objective: E01.01 Describe the general functions of the skin.
HAPS Topic: Module E01 General functions of the skin and the subcutaneous layer.
Learning Objective: 05.01.02. Identify the varied functions of the integument.
Section: 05.01b
Topic: General functions of skin and the subcutaneous layer

3. Which is not a function of the integument?
A.Protection
B. Water loss prevention
C. Temperature regulation
D.

Synthesis of vitamin D₃

1. No exceptions; all are functions of the integument.

Bloom’s Level: 3. Apply
Gradable: automatic
HAPS Objective: E01.01 Describe the general functions of the skin.
HAPS Topic: Module E01 General functions of the skin and the subcutaneous layer.
Learning Objective: 05.01.02. Identify the varied functions of the integument.
Section: 05.01b
Topic: General functions of skin and the subcutaneous layer

4. Among the stimuli detected by the sensory receptors of the skin is
A. heat.
B. cold.
C. pressure.
D. vibration.
E. All of the choices are correct.

5. The epidermis is a __________ epithelium.
A. keratinized stratified squamous
B. nonkeratinized stratified squamous
C. keratinized stratified cuboidal
D. nonkeratinized stratitified cuboidal
E. transitional

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
HAPS Objective: E02.01a Identify and describe the tissue type making up the epidermis.
HAPS Topic: Module E02 Gross and microscopic anatomy of skin.
Learning Objective: 05.02.03. Describe the structure, composition and arrangement, and functions of the epidermal strata.
Section: 05.02a
Topic: Microscopic anatomy of skin

6. From deep to superficial, the order of the strata of the epidermis is
A. basale – spinosum – granulosum – lucidum – corneum.
B. spinosum – granulosum – basale – lucidum – corneum.
C. corneum – lucidum – granulosum – spinosum – basale.
D. basale – granulosum – spinosum – lucidum – corneum.
E. corneum – granulosum – lucidum – spinosum – basale.

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
HAPS Objective: E02.01b Identify and describe the layers of the epidermis, indicating which are found in thin skin and which are found in thick skin.
HAPS Topic: Module E02 Gross and microscopic anatomy of skin.
Learning Objective: 05.02.03. Describe the structure, composition and arrangement, and functions of the epidermal strata.
Section: 05.02a
Topic: Microscopic anatomy of skin

7. Keratinocytes are
A. the most abundant cell type in the epidermis.
B. found throughout all epidermal strata.
C. sometimes alive and sometimes dead, depending on where found.
D. able to synthesize the protein keratin.
E. All of the choices are correct.

Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Gradable: automatic
HAPS Objective: E03.01b Explain how each of the five layers of the epidermis, as well as stem cells of stratum basale, keratinocytes, melanocytes, Langerhans cells, Merkel cells and discs, keratin, and extracellular lipids, contributes to the functions of the epidermis.
HAPS Topic: Module E03 Roles of specific tissue layers of skin and the subcutaneous layer.
Learning Objective: 05.02.03. Describe the structure, composition and arrangement, and functions of the epidermal strata.
Section: 05.02a
Topic: Microscopic anatomy of skin

8. Tactile (Merkel) cells are sensitive to
A. sound.
B. light.
C. touch.
D. heat.
E. cold.

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
HAPS Objective: E02.01a Identify and describe the tissue type making up the epidermis.
HAPS Objective: E03.01b Explain how each of the five layers of the epidermis, as well as stem cells of stratum basale, keratinocytes, melanocytes, Langerhans cells, Merkel cells and discs, keratin, and extracellular lipids, contributes to the functions of the epidermis.
HAPS Topic: Module E03 Roles of specific tissue layers of skin and the subcutaneous layer.
Learning Objective: 05.02.03. Describe the structure, composition and arrangement, and functions of the epidermal strata.
Section: 05.02a
Topic: Microscopic anatomy of skin

9. Epidermal dendritic (Langerhans) cells function as part of the ______ response.
A. immune
B. sensory
C. tanning
D. heating
E. sweating

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
HAPS Objective: E03.01b Explain how each of the five layers of the epidermis, as well as stem cells of stratum basale, keratinocytes, melanocytes, Langerhans cells, Merkel cells and discs, keratin, and extracellular lipids, contributes to the functions of the epidermis.
HAPS Topic: Module E03 Roles of specific tissue layers of skin and the subcutaneous layer.
Learning Objective: 05.02.03. Describe the structure, composition and arrangement, and functions of the epidermal strata.
Section: 05.02a
Topic: Microscopic anatomy of skin

10. Which actions happen in the stratum granulosum?
a: Keratinization
b: Cell flattening
c: Plasma membranes thicken
d: Plasma membranes become less permeable
A. a, c
B. a, c, d
C. b, c, d
D. c, d
E. a, b, c, d

Bloom’s Level: 4. Analyze
Gradable: automatic
HAPS Objective: E02.01d Describe the processes of growth and keratinization of the epidermis.
HAPS Topic: Module E02 Gross and microscopic anatomy of skin.
Learning Objective: 05.02.03. Describe the structure, composition and arrangement, and functions of the epidermal strata.
Section: 05.02a
Topic: Microscopic anatomy of skin

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