Hole’s Human Anatomy & Physiology 15Th Edition By David Shier – Test Bank

 

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Sample Test

Hole’s Human Anatomy & Physiology, 15e (Shier)

Chapter 3   Cells

 

1) About how many cells constitute the body of an adult?

1.   A) 50 to 100 million

2.   B) 50 to 100 billion

3.   C) 50 to 100 trillion

4.   D) 50 to 100 quadrillion

 

Answer:  C

Section:  03.01

Bloom’s:  1. Remember

Learning Outcome:  03.01 Explain how cells differ from one another.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

2) The body is made up of many different cell types, from small circular red blood cells to the elongated smooth muscle cells 20X its size. Why is there such variation in size and shape?

1.   A) Different cell sizes are due to nutritional differences.

2.   B) Different variations in size and shape allow differentiated cell types to perform unique functions.

3.   C) Variations in cell shape and size are due to chromosomal differences between cells.

4.   D) Cell size and shape does not vary among cell types.

 

Answer:  B

Section:  03.01

Topic:  Intracellular organization

Bloom’s:  3. Apply

Learning Outcome:  03.01 Explain how cells differ from one another.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

3) The three major parts of a cell are

1.   A) the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and vesicles.

2.   B) the nucleus, nucleolus, and nuclear envelope.

3.   C) microtubules, ribosomes, and centrosomes.

4.   D) the nucleus, cytoplasm, and cell membrane.

 

Answer:  D

Section:  03.02

Topic:  Intracellular organization

Bloom’s:  1. Remember

Learning Outcome:  03.04 Describe each kind of cytoplasmic organelle and explain its function.; 03.02 Describe the general characteristics of a composite cell.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

 

4) A cell is surrounded by an extremely thin, flexible membrane. Why is the membrane selectively permeable?

1.   A) It allows all substances to pass through, making it easier to absorb nutrients.

2.   B) It allows all organic substances to pass through, but excludes all inorganic substances that could be harmful.

3.   C) It allows some substances to pass through and excludes others based on size, polarity, and other factors.

4.   D) It does not allow any substances to pass through as they could damage the cell.

 

Answer:  C

Section:  03.02

Topic:  Membrane structure and function

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Learning Outcome:  03.02 Describe the general characteristics of a composite cell.; 03.03 Explain how the components of a cell’s membrane provide its functions.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

5) Cell membranes are described as a fluid mosaic that maintains stability while still allowing movement. What component maintains most of the flexibility of the membrane?

1.   A) Phospholipid bilayer

2.   B) Integral proteins

3.   C) Polysaccharides

4.   D) Carbohydrates

 

Answer:  A

Section:  03.02

Topic:  Membrane structure and function

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Learning Outcome:  03.03 Explain how the components of a cell’s membrane provide its functions.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

6) The major components of the cell membrane are

1.   A) lipids and carbohydrates.

2.   B) proteins and carbohydrates.

3.   C) lipids and proteins.

4.   D) carbohydrates and polysaccharides.

 

Answer:  C

Section:  03.02

Topic:  Membrane structure and function

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Learning Outcome:  03.03 Explain how the components of a cell’s membrane provide its functions.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

7) Which of the following correctly describes the structural organization of the cell membrane?

1.   A) A solid, rigid layer of phospholipid with loosely bound protein molecules

2.   B) A bilayer of phospholipid molecules in which protein molecules are embedded and can move

3.   C) Rigid layers of protein molecules in which carbohydrate molecules are suspended

4.   D) Three layers; lipid on the inside, protein in the middle, and carbohydrates (and polysaccharides) on the outside

 

Answer:  B

Section:  03.02

Topic:  Membrane structure and function

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Learning Outcome:  03.03 Explain how the components of a cell’s membrane provide its functions.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

8) A protein that spans the cell membrane is termed a(n)

1.   A) receptor protein.

2.   B) integral protein.

3.   C) peripheral protein.

4.   D) anchoring protein.

 

Answer:  B

Section:  03.02

Topic:  Membrane structure and function

Bloom’s:  1. Remember

Learning Outcome:  03.03 Explain how the components of a cell’s membrane provide its functions.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

9) Cellular adhesion molecules are

1.   A) peripheral proteins.

2.   B) integral proteins.

3.   C) lipids.

4.   D) receptors.

 

Answer:  A

Section:  03.02

Topic:  Membrane structure and function

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Learning Outcome:  03.03 Explain how the components of a cell’s membrane provide its functions.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

 

10) When you scrape your skin, white blood cells arrive to fight infection. To slow down near the site of the cut, they use selectin, which provides traction. Since selectin helps white blood cells bind to a surface, they are part of a protein group known as

1.   A) cellular adhesion molecules.

2.   B) integral proteins.

3.   C) cellular binding molecules.

4.   D) receptors.

 

Answer:  A

Section:  03.02

Topic:  Membrane structure and function

Bloom’s:  3. Apply

Learning Outcome:  03.03 Explain how the components of a cell’s membrane provide its functions.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

11) Endoplasmic reticulum is best described as a

1.   A) component of the cytoskeleton.

2.   B) cellular inclusion.

3.   C) nuclear pore.

4.   D) network of interconnected membranes.

 

Answer:  D

Section:  03.02

Topic:  Organelles

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Learning Outcome:  03.04 Describe each kind of cytoplasmic organelle and explain its function.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

12) Buildup of incorrectly folded proteins induces a stress response known as unknown protein response (UPR) that, when prolonged, has a high correlation with neurodegenerative diseases such as parkinson’s. which organelle Is likely malfunctioning and allowing for the buildup?

1.   A) Mitochondrion

2.   B) Vesicles

3.   C) Nucleus

4.   D) Lysosome

 

Answer:  D

Section:  03.02

Topic:  Organelles

Bloom’s:  3. Apply

Learning Outcome:  03.04 Describe each kind of cytoplasmic organelle and explain its function.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

13) Vesicles are formed from the

1.   A) lysosomal membrane.

2.   B) nuclear membrane.

3.   C) cell membrane.

4.   D) mitochondrial membrane.

 

Answer:  C

Section:  03.02

Topic:  Membrane structure and function

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Learning Outcome:  03.04 Describe each kind of cytoplasmic organelle and explain its function.; 03.02 Describe the general characteristics of a composite cell.; 03.03 Explain how the components of a cell’s membrane provide its functions.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

14) Anderson’s disease results in the failure to secrete large proteins called chylomicrons. Which organelle is most likely affected?

1.   A) Nucleus

2.   B) Lysosome

3.   C) Vesicles

4.   D) Mitochondrion

 

Answer:  C

Section:  03.02

Topic:  Membrane structure and function

Bloom’s:  3. Apply

Learning Outcome:  03.04 Describe each kind of cytoplasmic organelle and explain its function.; 03.02 Describe the general characteristics of a composite cell.; 03.03 Explain how the components of a cell’s membrane provide its functions.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

15) Which of the following describes a lysosome?

1.   A) A double-membraned organelle that is the “powerhouse” of the cell

2.   B) A complex network of interconnected membranes that is a communication system in the cell

3.   C) A tiny, membranous sac that contains enzymes that degrade worn cell parts and debris

4.   D) A nonmembranous structure that is essential for mitosis

 

Answer:  C

Section:  03.02

Topic:  Intracellular organization; Organelles

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Learning Outcome:  03.04 Describe each kind of cytoplasmic organelle and explain its function.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

 

 

16) A young man who ran 6 miles a day throughout high school is injured during his first season running cross country in college. He must rest for three months and then gradually begin exercising again. The skeletal muscles in his lower limbs decrease in size during this prolonged period of inactivity. The organelles that break down his muscle proteins are

1.   A) peroxisomes.

2.   B) lysosomes.

3.   C) centrosomes.

4.   D) ribosomes.

 

Answer:  B

Section:  03.02

Topic:  Organelles

Bloom’s:  3. Apply

Learning Outcome:  03.04 Describe each kind of cytoplasmic organelle and explain its function.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

17) For which of the following organelles are the structure and function correctly described?

1.   A) Endoplasmic reticulum—a network of interconnected membranes forming sacs and canals that packages protein molecules for secretion

2.   B) Ribosomes—membranous vesicles containing digestive enzymes

3.   C) Golgi apparatus—particles, composed of protein and RNA, which synthesize proteins

4.   D) Mitochondrion—nonmembranous structure that synthesizes proteins

 

Answer:  A

Section:  03.02

Topic:  Organelles

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Learning Outcome:  03.04 Describe each kind of cytoplasmic organelle and explain its function.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

18) The sequence of organelles and cell parts involved in milk secretion is

1.   A) cell membrane, vesicles, Golgi apparatus, endoplasmic reticulum, nucleus.

2.   B) nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, vesicles, cell membrane.

3.   C) nucleus, nucleolus, nuclear envelope, cell membrane.

4.   D) vesicles, Golgi apparatus, mitochondrion, cell membrane.

 

Answer:  B

Section:  03.02

Topic:  Organelles

Bloom’s:  3. Apply

Learning Outcome:  03.04 Describe each kind of cytoplasmic organelle and explain its function.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

19) ATP is used to power many cellular processes. Some genetic disorders are the result of defects in ATP creation. Which organelle is likely affected in these disorders?

1.   A) Mitochondrion

2.   B) Ribosome

3.   C) Peroxisome

4.   D) Golgi apparatus

 

Answer:  A

Section:  03.02

Topic:  Organelles

Bloom’s:  3. Apply

Learning Outcome:  03.04 Describe each kind of cytoplasmic organelle and explain its function.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

20) The main function of cristae in mitochondria is to

1.   A) supply enzymes for reactions.

2.   B) increase chemical transport in mitochondria.

3.   C) facilitate diffusion of substances into the mitochondria.

4.   D) increase the surface area for chemical reactions.

 

Answer:  D

Section:  03.02

Topic:  Organelles

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Learning Outcome:  03.04 Describe each kind of cytoplasmic organelle and explain its function.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

21) When there is a surplus of dietary carbohydrates, they are converted to lipids through lipogenesis. Where are they synthesized?

1.   A) Golgi apparatus

2.   B) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

3.   C) Rough endoplasmic reticulum

4.   D) Mitochondria

 

Answer:  B

Section:  03.02

Topic:  Organelles

Bloom’s:  3. Apply

Learning Outcome:  03.04 Describe each kind of cytoplasmic organelle and explain its function.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

 

 

22) Cytoskeletal structures that are not found in all cell types are

1.   A) microtubules.

2.   B) microfilaments.

3.   C) myofibrils.

4.   D) intermediate filaments.

 

Answer:  D

Section:  03.02

Topic:  Intracellular organization

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Learning Outcome:  03.05 Describe cellular structures that are parts of the cytoskeleton and explain their functions.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

23) During cell division, the chromosomes did not separate properly. This likely means that the centrioles failed to attach to what structure?

1.   A) Centrosome

2.   B) Cilia

3.   C) Nucleus

4.   D) Microtubules

 

Answer:  A

Section:  03.02

Topic:  Intracellular organization

Bloom’s:  3. Apply

Learning Outcome:  03.05 Describe cellular structures that are parts of the cytoskeleton and explain their functions.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

24) DNA molecules are in the nucleus

1.   A) as free molecules.

2.   B) complexed with protein, forming chromatin fibers.

3.   C) complexed with protein, forming nucleoli.

4.   D) complexed with protein on the nuclear envelope.

 

Answer:  B

Section:  03.02

Topic:  Organelles; Nucleic acids: DNA and RNA

Bloom’s:  1. Remember

Learning Outcome:  03.06 Describe the cell nucleus and its parts.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

 

 

25) The nucleolus contains

1.   A) DNA only.

2.   B) RNA and protein.

3.   C) DNA and protein.

4.   D) RNA only.

 

Answer:  B

Section:  03.02

Topic:  Organelles

Bloom’s:  1. Remember

Learning Outcome:  03.04 Describe each kind of cytoplasmic organelle and explain its function.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

26) The function of the nucleus is to

1.   A) direct the activities of the cell.

2.   B) form mitochondria.

3.   C) transfer energy.

4.   D) provide cell shape.

 

Answer:  A

Section:  03.02

Topic:  Organelles

Bloom’s:  1. Remember

Learning Outcome:  03.04 Describe each kind of cytoplasmic organelle and explain its function.; 03.06 Describe the cell nucleus and its parts.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

27) Which organelle contains the nucleolus?

1.   A) The mitochondrion

2.   B) The endoplasmic reticulum

3.   C) The Golgi apparatus

4.   D) The nucleus

 

Answer:  D

Section:  03.02

Topic:  Organelles

Bloom’s:  1. Remember

Learning Outcome:  03.04 Describe each kind of cytoplasmic organelle and explain its function.; 03.06 Describe the cell nucleus and its parts.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

 

 

28) Which of following does not influence the rate of molecular movement?

1.   A) Distance

2.   B) The concentration of the substance

3.   C) The amount of energy available for transport molecules

4.   D) The molecular weight of the diffusing molecules

 

Answer:  C

Section:  03.03

Topic:  Mechanisms for movement across cell membranes

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Learning Outcome:  03.07 Explain how substances move into and out of cells.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

29) Salt is placed in a glass of water. Slowly the salt begins to even out in concentration due to what factor?

1.   A) Distance gradient

2.   B) Distance vector

3.   C) Concentration vector

4.   D) Concentration gradient

 

Answer:  D

Section:  03.03

Topic:  Mechanisms for movement across cell membranes

Bloom’s:  3. Apply

Learning Outcome:  03.07 Explain how substances move into and out of cells.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

30) What characteristic do simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion share?

1.   A) Both require cellular energy for the transport of substances.

2.   B) Both move water across a semipermeable membrane.

3.   C) Both require a special carrier molecule to move substances across the membrane.

4.   D) Both move a substance from a region of higher concentration to one of lower concentration without using cellular energy.

 

Answer:  D

Section:  03.03

Topic:  Mechanisms for movement across cell membranes

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Learning Outcome:  03.07 Explain how substances move into and out of cells.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

 

 

31) If the concentration of glucose in the water outside of a cell is higher than the concentration inside,

1.   A) water will enter the cell by osmosis.

2.   B) water will leave the cell by osmosis.

3.   C) glucose will enter the cell by osmosis.

4.   D) glucose will leave the cell by osmosis.

 

Answer:  B

Section:  03.03

Topic:  Mechanisms for movement across cell membranes

Bloom’s:  3. Apply

Learning Outcome:  03.07 Explain how substances move into and out of cells.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

32) If a red blood cell is placed in a hypotonic solution,

1.   A) the cell will shrink.

2.   B) only permeable substances will leave; but concentrations in the cell do not change.

3.   C) the cell will remain the same size and shape.

4.   D) the cell will swell and may eventually burst.

 

Answer:  D

Section:  03.03

Topic:  Mechanisms for movement across cell membranes

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Learning Outcome:  03.07 Explain how substances move into and out of cells.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

33) Red blood cells are placed in a solution of 0.9% NaCl and no diffusion or osmosis is observed. This means that the solution is ________.

1.   A) isotonic

2.   B) hypotonic

3.   C) hypertonic

4.   D) isertonic

 

Answer:  A

Section:  03.03

Topic:  Mechanisms for movement across cell membranes

Bloom’s:  3. Apply

Learning Outcome:  03.07 Explain how substances move into and out of cells.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

 

 

34) Cells are placed in a solution that causes them to absorb liquid until they burst. When more water is removed from the solution, newly added cells do not burst. The original solutions was ________ , while the second was ________ to the cells.

1.   A) isotonic; hypotonic

2.   B) isotonic; hypertonic

3.   C) hypotonic; isotonic

4.   D) hypertonic; isotonic

 

Answer:  A

Section:  03.03

Topic:  Mechanisms for movement across cell membranes

Bloom’s:  3. Apply

Learning Outcome:  03.07 Explain how substances move into and out of cells.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

35) Osmosis is the movement of

1.   A) molecules from a high concentration to a low concentration.

2.   B) water through a selectively permeable membrane to a solution containing a higher concentration of impermeant solute.

3.   C) water through a selectively permeable membrane to a solution containing a lower concentration of impermeant solute.

4.   D) ions from a low pressure region to a high pressure region through a selectively permeable membrane.

 

Answer:  B

Section:  03.03

Topic:  Mechanisms for movement across cell membranes

Bloom’s:  1. Remember

Learning Outcome:  03.07 Explain how substances move into and out of cells.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

36) What is the relationship of osmotic pressure to the number of solute particles in a solution?

1.   A) The lower the number of impermeant solute particles, the greater the osmotic pressure.

2.   B) The greater the number of impermeant solute particles, the lower the osmotic pressure.

3.   C) The greater the osmotic pressure, the lower the number of impermeant solute particles.

4.   D) The greater the number of impermeant solute particles, the greater the osmotic pressure.

 

Answer:  D

Section:  03.03

Topic:  Mechanisms for movement across cell membranes

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Learning Outcome:  03.07 Explain how substances move into and out of cells.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

 

 

37) If cells placed in a solution shrivel up, the solution is ________.

1.   A) hypertonic

2.   B) hypotonic

3.   C) isotonic

4.   D) isertonic

 

Answer:  A

Section:  03.03

Topic:  Mechanisms for movement across cell membranes

Bloom’s:  3. Apply

Learning Outcome:  03.07 Explain how substances move into and out of cells.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

38) An isotonic solution

1.   A) has a greater concentration of impermeant solute than a cell.

2.   B) has more water entering than leaving a cell.

3.   C) has the same osmotic pressure as the cells in the solution.

4.   D) causes a cell to shrink.

 

Answer:  C

Section:  03.03

Topic:  Mechanisms for movement across cell membranes

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Learning Outcome:  03.07 Explain how substances move into and out of cells.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

39) A hypotonic solution

1.   A) has a lower concentration (number) of impermeant solute than do the cells in the solution.

2.   B) would cause cells in the solution to lose water.

3.   C) has a higher osmotic pressure than do the cells in the solution.

4.   D) causes cells to shrink.

 

Answer:  A

Section:  03.03

Topic:  Mechanisms for movement across cell membranes

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Learning Outcome:  03.07 Explain how substances move into and out of cells.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

 

 

40) The movement of molecules through a membrane by filtration requires

1.   A) osmotic pressure.

2.   B) hydrostatic pressure.

3.   C) atmospheric pressure.

4.   D) barometric pressure.

 

Answer:  B

Section:  03.03

Topic:  Mechanisms for movement across cell membranes

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Learning Outcome:  03.07 Explain how substances move into and out of cells.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

41) Coffee grounds are mixed with water before being placed in a funnel filter. The large grounds remain in the filter, but the small particles pass through

1.   A) from low concentration to high concentration.

2.   B) from low hydrostatic pressure to high hydrostatic pressure.

3.   C) by hydrostatic pressure that is greater on one side of the membrane than on the other.

4.   D) from low osmotic pressure to high osmotic pressure.

 

Answer:  C

Section:  03.03

Topic:  Mechanisms for movement across cell membranes

Bloom’s:  3. Apply

Learning Outcome:  03.07 Explain how substances move into and out of cells.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

42) In phagocytosis

1.   A) a cell membrane engulfs solid particles.

2.   B) a particle enters a cell by moving down its concentration gradient.

3.   C) a cell membrane engulfs droplets.

4.   D) a carrier molecule moves a substance across a cell membrane using ATP.

 

Answer:  A

Section:  03.03

Topic:  Mechanisms for movement across cell membranes

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Learning Outcome:  03.07 Explain how substances move into and out of cells.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

 

 

43) Following the nomenclature for cells, what type of cells take in solid particles like bacteria?

1.   A) Phagozyme

2.   B) Phagase

3.   C) Phagocyte

4.   D) Phagosome

 

Answer:  C

Section:  03.03

Topic:  Mechanisms for movement across cell membranes

Bloom’s:  3. Apply

Learning Outcome:  03.07 Explain how substances move into and out of cells.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

44) Molecules bind to receptor sites and are enclosed in vesicles in the process of

1.   A) pinocytosis.

2.   B) phagocytosis.

3.   C) receptor-mediated endocytosis.

4.   D) exocytosis.

 

Answer:  C

Section:  03.03

Topic:  Mechanisms for movement across cell membranes

Bloom’s:  1. Remember

Learning Outcome:  03.07 Explain how substances move into and out of cells.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

45) Chloride ions follow the concentration gradient, but require a membrane protein for passage. Which transport method is occurring?

1.   A) Diffusion

2.   B) Active transport

3.   C) Pinocytosis

4.   D) Facilitated diffusion

 

Answer:  D

Section:  03.03

Topic:  Mechanisms for movement across cell membranes

Bloom’s:  3. Apply

Learning Outcome:  03.07 Explain how substances move into and out of cells.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

 

 

46) Chromosomes duplicate during

1.   A) prophase.

2.   B) interphase.

3.   C) metaphase.

4.   D) telophase.

 

Answer:  B

Section:  03.04

Topic:  DNA replication and the cell cycle

Bloom’s:  1. Remember

Learning Outcome:  03.08 Describe the cell cycle.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

47) Stages of the cell cycle unfold in the following order:

1.   A) differentiation, cytoplasmic division, mitosis, interphase.

2.   B) interphase, differentiation, cytoplasmic division, mitosis.

3.   C) interphase, mitosis, cytoplasmic division, differentiation.

4.   D) mitosis, interphase, cytoplasmic division, differentiation.

 

Answer:  C

Section:  03.04

Topic:  DNA replication and the cell cycle

Bloom’s:  1. Remember

Learning Outcome:  03.08 Describe the cell cycle.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

48) Which stages have double the amount of chromosomal DNA compared to stage G1?

1.   A) G2

2.   B) Prophase

3.   C) Metaphase

4.   D) Apoptosis

 

Answer:  C

Section:  03.04

Topic:  DNA replication and the cell cycle

Bloom’s:  3. Apply

Learning Outcome:  03.08 Describe the cell cycle.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

 

 

49) Centromeres of replicated chromosomes separate during mitotic

1.   A) prophase.

2.   B) metaphase.

3.   C) anaphase.

4.   D) telophase.

 

Answer:  C

Section:  03.04

Topic:  Somatic cell division

Bloom’s:  1. Remember

Learning Outcome:  03.09 Explain how a cell divides.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

50) As a cell grows,

1.   A) the relationship between its surface area and volume remains unchanged.

2.   B) its surface area increases to a lesser degree than its volume.

3.   C) its volume increases to a lesser degree than its surface area.

4.   D) its requirement for nutrients increases to a lesser degree than its requirement for oxygen.

 

Answer:  B

Section:  03.04

Topic:  DNA replication and the cell cycle

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Learning Outcome:  03.08 Describe the cell cycle.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

51) If a human cell has 23 chromosomes, it likely just finished

1.   A) mitosis.

2.   B) meiosis.

3.   C) cytokinesis.

4.   D) osmosis.

 

Answer:  B

Section:  03.04

Topic:  DNA replication and the cell cycle

Bloom’s:  3. Apply

Learning Outcome:  03.08 Describe the cell cycle.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

 

 

52) The average number of divisions that a human cell cultured in a dish can undergo is

20.                A) 10–20.

21.                B) 30–40.

22.                C) 40–60.

23.                D) 60–100.

 

Answer:  C

Section:  03.04

Topic:  Somatic cell division

Bloom’s:  1. Remember

Learning Outcome:  03.09 Explain how a cell divides.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

53) The structures in the nucleus that serve as a “mitotic clock” are

1.   A) telomeres.

2.   B) kinases.

3.   C) ribosomes.

4.   D) hormones.

 

Answer:  A

Section:  03.04

Topic:  DNA replication and the cell cycle; Somatic cell division

Bloom’s:  1. Remember

Learning Outcome:  03.09 Explain how a cell divides.; 03.10 Describe several controls of cell division.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

54) Tara discovers a rapidly growing lump that doubles in size over a month. A doctor does a biopsy and discovers it’s a form of cancer, which can result if

1.   A) mitosis is too infrequent.

2.   B) mitosis is too frequent.

3.   C) the cell cycle stops.

4.   D) the cell cycle runs backward.

 

Answer:  B

Section:  03.05

Topic:  DNA replication and the cell cycle; Somatic cell division

Bloom’s:  3. Apply

Learning Outcome:  03.08 Describe the cell cycle.; 03.09 Explain how a cell divides.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

 

 

55) A researcher has been studying genes that result in abnormal cell growth and has linked them to cancer. What two types of genes is the researcher studying?

1.   A) Kinases and cyclins

2.   B) Oncosuppressors and tumor activators

3.   C) Metastatic activators and apoptosis stimulators

4.   D) Tumor suppressors and oncogenes

 

Answer:  D

Section:  03.05

Topic:  DNA replication and the cell cycle; Genes and their action

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Learning Outcome:  03.10 Describe several controls of cell division.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

56) The defining characteristic of a stem cell is

1.   A) self-repair.

2.   B) self-renewal.

3.   C) the ability to turn into a cancer cell.

4.   D) origin from a progenitor cell.

 

Answer:  B

Section:  03.06

Topic:  Somatic cell division

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Learning Outcome:  03.11 Explain how stem cells and progenitor cells make possible the growth and repair of tissues.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

57) Researchers in a lab are working with a form of stem cells that can divide and give rise to any cell type, allowing them to research development. This cell type is known as

1.   A) pluripotent.

2.   B) multipotent.

3.   C) totipotent.

4.   D) a differentiated cell.

 

Answer:  C

Section:  03.06

Topic:  Somatic cell division

Bloom’s:  3. Apply

Learning Outcome:  03.11 Explain how stem cells and progenitor cells make possible the growth and repair of tissues.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

 

 

58) Bone cells and muscle cells differ in structure and function because

1.   A) each expresses a different subset of genes.

2.   B) each has different genes.

3.   C) each has different chromosomes.

4.   D) they express the same subset of genes.

 

Answer:  A

Section:  03.06

Topic:  Somatic cell division; Genes and their action

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Learning Outcome:  03.01 Explain how cells differ from one another.; 03.12 Explain how two differentiated cell types can have the same genetic information, but different appearances and functions.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

59) Programmed cell death occurs during development, including the removal of webbing between fingers of the fetus. This process is known as

1.   A) cell specialization.

2.   B) apoptosis.

3.   C) mitosis.

4.   D) cell differentiation.

 

Answer:  B

Section:  03.07

Topic:  Genes and their action

Bloom’s:  1. Remember

Learning Outcome:  03.13 List the steps of apoptosis.; 03.14 Distinguish between apoptosis and necrosis.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

60) A temporary cell that is no longer useful for development undergoes preprogrammed cell death. During this process,

1.   A) chromosomes join.

2.   B) the cytoskeleton forms large, complex structures.

3.   C) mitochondria merge.

4.   D) the cell can no longer adhere to other cells.

 

Answer:  D

Section:  03.07

Topic:  Genes and their action

Bloom’s:  3. Apply

Learning Outcome:  03.13 List the steps of apoptosis.; 03.14 Distinguish between apoptosis and necrosis.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

 

 

61) Some people cannot be infected with HIV because

1.   A) they are already infected.

2.   B) their cells lack receptors that admit the virus.

3.   C) their cells have extra receptors for HIV.

4.   D) they were vaccinated.

 

Answer:  B

Section:  03.03

Topic:  Membrane structure and function; Mechanisms for movement across cell membranes

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Learning Outcome:  03.03 Explain how the components of a cell’s membrane provide its functions.; 03.07 Explain how substances move into and out of cells.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

62) The cellular abnormality that causes cystic fibrosis is

1.   A) absence of the ability to feel pain.

2.   B) abnormal chloride channels that trap salt inside cells lining the lung passageways.

3.   C) abnormal potassium channels in heart muscle.

4.   D) extra receptors for a growth factor.

 

Answer:  B

Section:  03.03

Topic:  Membrane structure and function

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Learning Outcome:  03.03 Explain how the components of a cell’s membrane provide its functions.; 03.07 Explain how substances move into and out of cells.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

63) Adrenoleukodystrophy is caused by deficiency of a protein in the outer membrane of

1.   A) cells.

2.   B) lysosomes.

3.   C) mitochondria.

4.   D) peroxisomes.

 

Answer:  D

Section:  03.02

Topic:  Organelles

Bloom’s:  1. Remember

Learning Outcome:  03.04 Describe each kind of cytoplasmic organelle and explain its function.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

 

 

64) Stem cells taken from a person to be used to treat a disease in that same person come from

1.   A) embryos or fetuses.

2.   B) the person or a blood relative.

3.   C) existing cell populations or reprogrammed cells.

4.   D) two different cell types.

 

Answer:  C

Section:  03.06

Topic:  Somatic cell division

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Learning Outcome:  03.11 Explain how stem cells and progenitor cells make possible the growth and repair of tissues.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

65) Cytoplasm is located between the cell membrane and the nuclear envelope.

 

Answer:  TRUE

Section:  03.02

Topic:  Intracellular organization

Bloom’s:  1. Remember

Learning Outcome:  03.02 Describe the general characteristics of a composite cell.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

66) The framework of a cell membrane is a lipid bilayer.

 

Answer:  TRUE

Section:  03.02

Topic:  Membrane structure and function

Bloom’s:  1. Remember

Learning Outcome:  03.02 Describe the general characteristics of a composite cell.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

67) Energy is stored in ATP molecules in ribosomes.

 

Answer:  FALSE

Section:  03.02

Topic:  Organelles

Bloom’s:  1. Remember

Learning Outcome:  03.04 Describe each kind of cytoplasmic organelle and explain its function.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

 

 

68) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum has ribosomes and rough endoplasmic reticulum does not.

 

Answer:  FALSE

Section:  03.02

Topic:  Organelles

Bloom’s:  1. Remember

Learning Outcome:  03.04 Describe each kind of cytoplasmic organelle and explain its function.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

69) Peroxisomes and lysosomes are sacs that contain enzymes.

 

Answer:  TRUE

Section:  03.02

Topic:  Organelles

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Learning Outcome:  03.04 Describe each kind of cytoplasmic organelle and explain its function.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

70) The Golgi apparatus and endoplasmic reticulum take part in secretion.

 

Answer:  TRUE

Section:  03.02

Topic:  Organelles

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Learning Outcome:  03.04 Describe each kind of cytoplasmic organelle and explain its function.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

71) Cilia and flagella extend from certain cells, enabling them to move.

 

Answer:  FALSE

Section:  03.02

Topic:  Organelles

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Learning Outcome:  03.04 Describe each kind of cytoplasmic organelle and explain its function.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

 

 

72) A cell that secretes abundant proteins would have many nucleoli.

 

Answer:  TRUE

Section:  03.02

Topic:  Organelles

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Learning Outcome:  03.06 Describe the cell nucleus and its parts.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

73) If a nerve cell has a greater concentration of Na+ on the outside the cell membrane, compared to inside, then the movement of Na+ outside is by diffusion.

 

Answer:  FALSE

Section:  03.03

Topic:  Mechanisms for movement across cell membranes

Bloom’s:  3. Apply

Learning Outcome:  03.07 Explain how substances move into and out of cells.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

74) Facilitated diffusion moves a substance following its concentration gradient, with the aid of a carrier protein.

 

Answer:  TRUE

Section:  03.03

Topic:  Mechanisms for movement across cell membranes

Bloom’s:  1. Remember

Learning Outcome:  03.07 Explain how substances move into and out of cells.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

75) Some types of active transport use energy provided by ATP molecules.

 

Answer:  TRUE

Section:  03.03

Topic:  Mechanisms for movement across cell membranes

Bloom’s:  1. Remember

Learning Outcome:  03.07 Explain how substances move into and out of cells.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

 

 

76) Proteins are manufactured in mitochondria.

 

Answer:  FALSE

Section:  03.02

Topic:  Organelles

Bloom’s:  1. Remember

Learning Outcome:  03.04 Describe each kind of cytoplasmic organelle and explain its function.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

77) Microfilaments and microtubules are part of the cytoskeleton.

 

Answer:  TRUE

Section:  03.02

Topic:  Intracellular organization

Bloom’s:  1. Remember

Learning Outcome:  03.05 Describe cellular structures that are parts of the cytoskeleton and explain their functions.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

78) Chromatin consists of DNA and protein.

 

Answer:  TRUE

Section:  03.02

Topic:  Nucleic acids: DNA and RNA

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Learning Outcome:  03.06 Describe the cell nucleus and its parts.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

79) The nucleus is in the nucleolus.

 

Answer:  FALSE

Section:  03.02

Topic:  Organelles

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Learning Outcome:  03.06 Describe the cell nucleus and its parts.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

80) Certain white blood cells take in bacterial cells by phagocytosis.

 

Answer:  TRUE

Section:  03.03

Topic:  Mechanisms for movement across cell membranes

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Learning Outcome:  03.07 Explain how substances move into and out of cells.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

81) Filtration requires hydrostatic pressure.

 

Answer:  TRUE

Section:  03.03

Topic:  Mechanisms for movement across cell membranes

Bloom’s:  1. Remember

Learning Outcome:  03.07 Explain how substances move into and out of cells.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

82) Transcytosis combines diffusion and active transport.

 

Answer:  FALSE

Section:  03.03

Topic:  Mechanisms for movement across cell membranes

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Learning Outcome:  03.07 Explain how substances move into and out of cells.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

83) During interphase, a cell rests.

 

Answer:  FALSE

Section:  03.04

Topic:  DNA replication and the cell cycle

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Learning Outcome:  03.08 Describe the cell cycle.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

84) Stages of the cell cycle in correct sequence are interphase, mitosis, cytoplasmic division, and differentiation.

 

Answer:  TRUE

Section:  03.04

Topic:  DNA replication and the cell cycle

Bloom’s:  1. Remember

Learning Outcome:  03.08 Describe the cell cycle.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

85) Cell division consists of mitosis and cell differentiation.

 

Answer:  FALSE

Section:  03.04

Topic:  Somatic cell division

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Learning Outcome:  03.09 Explain how a cell divides.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

86) During metaphase of mitosis, chromosomes first condense and become visible when stained and viewed under a microscope.

 

Answer:  FALSE

Section:  03.04

Topic:  Reproductive cell division

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Learning Outcome:  03.09 Explain how a cell divides.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

87) During anaphase of mitosis, centromeres separate and replicated chromosomes separate.

 

Answer:  TRUE

Section:  03.04

Topic:  Somatic cell division

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Learning Outcome:  03.09 Explain how a cell divides.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

88) During telophase of mitosis, chromosomes elongate and form chromatin threads.

 

Answer:  TRUE

Section:  03.04

Topic:  Somatic cell division

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Learning Outcome:  03.09 Explain how a cell divides.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

89) Abnormal rates of mitosis can lead to poor wound healing and delayed growth.

 

Answer:  TRUE

Section:  03.04

Topic:  Somatic cell division

Bloom’s:  3. Apply

Learning Outcome:  03.09 Explain how a cell divides.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

90) All cell types divide at the same rate.

 

Answer:  FALSE

Section:  03.04; 03.05

Topic:  Somatic cell division

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Learning Outcome:  03.09 Explain how a cell divides.; 03.10 Describe several controls of cell division.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

91) All cell types can divide a limitless number of times.

 

Answer:  FALSE

Section:  03.04; 03.05

Topic:  DNA replication and the cell cycle; Somatic cell division

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Learning Outcome:  03.09 Explain how a cell divides.; 03.10 Describe several controls of cell division.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

92) A telomere is a type of hormone that controls the cell cycle.

 

Answer:  FALSE

Section:  03.04; 03.05

Topic:  DNA replication and the cell cycle; Somatic cell division

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Learning Outcome:  03.08 Describe the cell cycle.; 03.10 Describe several controls of cell division.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

93) Loss of cell cycle control can cause cancer.

 

Answer:  TRUE

Section:  03.04; 03.05

Topic:  DNA replication and the cell cycle; Somatic cell division

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Learning Outcome:  03.08 Describe the cell cycle.; 03.10 Describe several controls of cell division.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

94) The process by which cells specialize is called differentiation.

 

Answer:  TRUE

Section:  03.06

Topic:  Somatic cell division

Bloom’s:  1. Remember

Learning Outcome:  03.11 Explain how stem cells and progenitor cells make possible the growth and repair of tissues.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

 

95) A stem cell divides to give rise to two differentiated cells.

 

Answer:  FALSE

Section:  03.06

Topic:  Somatic cell division

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Learning Outcome:  03.11 Explain how stem cells and progenitor cells make possible the growth and repair of tissues.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

96) Stem cells may be activated after an injury, helping to heal.

 

Answer:  TRUE

Section:  03.06

Topic:  Somatic cell division

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Learning Outcome:  03.11 Explain how stem cells and progenitor cells make possible the growth and repair of tissues.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

97) A nerve cell and a muscle cell have the same genes, but express different subsets of them.

 

Answer:  TRUE

Section:  03.06

Topic:  Somatic cell division

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Learning Outcome:  03.12 Explain how two differentiated cell types can have the same genetic information, but different appearances and functions.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

98) Apoptosis is a slow version of mitosis.

 

Answer:  FALSE

Section:  03.07

Topic:  Somatic cell division

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Learning Outcome:  03.15 Describe the relationship between apoptosis and mitosis.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

 

 

99) Apoptosis begins with a cell receiving a signal to die.

 

Answer:  TRUE

Section:  03.07

Topic:  Somatic cell division

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Learning Outcome:  03.13 List the steps of apoptosis.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

100) The cytoplasm consists of organelles suspended in ________.

 

Answer:  cytosol

Section:  03.02

Topic:  Intracellular organization

Bloom’s:  1. Remember

Learning Outcome:  03.02 Describe the general characteristics of a composite cell.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

101) The process by which a cell receives and responds to incoming messages is called ________ transduction.

 

Answer:  signal

Section:  03.02

Topic:  Membrane structure and function

Bloom’s:  1. Remember

Learning Outcome:  03.03 Explain how the components of a cell’s membrane provide its functions.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

102) Solutions that have a higher osmotic pressure than body fluids are ________.

 

Answer:  hypertonic

Section:  03.03

Topic:  Mechanisms for movement across cell membranes

Bloom’s:  1. Remember

Learning Outcome:  03.07 Explain how substances move into and out of cells.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

103) Mitosis occurs in ________ cells.

 

Answer:  somatic

Section:  03.04

Topic:  Somatic cell division

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Learning Outcome:  03.09 Explain how a cell divides.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

104) A partly specialized cell that is the daughter of a stem cell is a(n)  ________ cell.

 

Answer:  progenitor

Section:  03.06

Topic:  Somatic cell division

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Learning Outcome:  03.11 Explain how stem cells and progenitor cells make possible the growth and repair of tissues.; 03.12 Explain how two differentiated cell types can have the same genetic information, but different appearances and functions.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

105) A cell undergoing ________ loses its shape, forms bubble, and falls apart.

 

Answer:  apoptosis

Section:  03.07

Topic:  Somatic cell division

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Learning Outcome:  03.13 List the steps of apoptosis.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

106) Krabbe disease results from an abnormality that affects the ________ of nerve cells in the brain.

 

Answer:  lysosomes

Section:  03.02

Topic:  Organelles

Bloom’s:  1. Remember

Learning Outcome:  03.04 Describe each kind of cytoplasmic organelle and explain its function.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

Hole’s Human Anatomy & Physiology, 15e (Shier)

Chapter 5   Tissues

 

1) Which of the following is not one of the four basic types of body tissues?

1.   A) Epithelial tissue

2.   B) Connective tissue

3.   C) Eye tissue

4.   D) Muscle tissue

 

Answer:  C

Section:  05.01

Topic:  Overview of histology and tissue types

Bloom’s:  1. Remember

Learning Outcome:  05.01 List the four major tissue types in the body, then indicate locations and functions of each type.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

2) Which of the following characteristics is used to name tissue types?

1.   A) Location of cells in the body

2.   B) Number of inclusions

3.   C) Organization of cells

4.   D) Number of mitochondria

 

Answer:  C

Section:  05.01

Topic:  Overview of histology and tissue types

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Learning Outcome:  05.02 Identify the intercellular junctions in tissues.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

3) Histology is the study of

1.   A) organ function.

2.   B) molecules.

3.   C) cells.

4.   D) tissues.

 

Answer:  D

Section:  05.01

Topic:  Overview of histology and tissue types

Bloom’s:  1. Remember

Learning Outcome:  05.01 List the four major tissue types in the body, then indicate locations and functions of each type.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

 

4) The epidermis (outer layer of the skin) needs to be tough and resistant to shearing and stretching. The type of intercellular junction best suited for this need is a(n) ________.

1.   A) desmosome

2.   B) gap junction

3.   C) tight junction

4.   D) ion channel

 

Answer:  A

Section:  05.01

Topic:  Overview of histology and tissue types

Bloom’s:  3. Apply

Learning Outcome:  05.02 Identify the intercellular junctions in tissues.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

5) The smooth muscle cells of the digestive tract need to send electrical signals between each other to contract in unison. The type of intercellular junction best suited for this need is ________.

1.   A) a desmosome

2.   B) a gap junction

3.   C) a tight junction

4.   D) found in the blood-brain barrier

 

Answer:  B

Section:  05.01

Topic:  Overview of histology and tissue types

Bloom’s:  3. Apply

Learning Outcome:  05.02 Identify the intercellular junctions in tissues.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

6) The membranes of the blood-brain barrier need to be fused, preventing any substances from entering and/or escaping between cells. The type of intercellular junction best suited for this need is a ________.

1.   A) desmosome

2.   B) gap junction

3.   C) tight junction

4.   D) ion channel

 

Answer:  C

Section:  05.01

Topic:  Overview of histology and tissue types

Bloom’s:  3. Apply

Learning Outcome:  05.02 Identify the intercellular junctions in tissues.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

 

7) What do intercellular junctions connect?

1.   A) Cell membranes

2.   B) Cell nuclei

3.   C) Blood cells

4.   D) Microtubules

 

Answer:  A

Section:  05.01

Topic:  Overview of histology and tissue types

Bloom’s:  1. Remember

Learning Outcome:  05.02 Identify the intercellular junctions in tissues.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

8) The skin is composed of an outer layer of epithelial tissue, the epidermis, and an inner layer of connective tissue, the dermis. Between the lowest layer of the epidermis and the top layer of the dermis lies an anchor layer called the ________.

1.   A) serous membrane

2.   B) basement membrane

3.   C) simple cuboidal epithelium

4.   D) synovial membrane

 

Answer:  B

Section:  05.02

Topic:  Microscopic anatomy, location, and function of epithelial tissue

Bloom’s:  3. Apply

Learning Outcome:  05.04 Describe the general characteristics and functions of epithelial tissue.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation