Health Psychology (B&B Psychology) 9th Edition By Shelley Taylor – Test Bank

 

 

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Sample Test

Chapter 03

Health Behaviors

 

 

Multiple Choice Questions

1.    (p. 39)Which of the following statements best defines health promotion?
A. A philosophy that good health is a personal and collective achievement
B. The practice of preventing a disease rather than curing it
C. The performance of a health behavior automatically without awareness
D. A social activity designed to enhance and maximize awareness

 

Level: Conceptual

2.    (p. 39)A(n) _____ may initially develop because it is reinforced by a positive outcome, but eventually becomes independent of the reinforcement process.
A. intervention
B. appeal
C. precontemplation
D. health habit

 

Level: Factual

3.    (p. 39)A health habit is a health behavior that:
A. is only performed under supervision of health specialists.
B. is especially important for at-risk individuals to adopt.
C. is not always beneficial to an individual’s metabolism and immune system.
D. is often performed automatically without awareness.

 

Level: Factual

 

 

4.    (p. 40)The _____ scale measures the degree to which people perceive their health to be under their personal control.
A. health locus of control
B. window of vulnerability
C. health belief model
D. abstinence violation effect

 

Level: Factual

5.    (p. 40)Russell had a few drinks for the first time at a party, and woke up the next day with a splitting headache. He thought his vision was blurred, and he could barely remember what he had planned for the day. He instantly realized that he may be vulnerable to health risks due to alcohol and decided to quit immediately. In this scenario, Russell’s health habits are most likely to be controlled by his _____.
A. personal goals
B. perceived symptoms
C. social influence
D. intelligence

 

Level: Applied

6.    (p. 41)People who are identified as intelligent in childhood:
A. are more likely to take calculated health risks in adulthood.
B. will be more knowledgeable in adulthood, but less healthy.
C. may develop cognitive distortions in adulthood.
D. have better health-related biological profiles in adulthood.

 

Level: Factual

 

 

7.    (p. 41)Threatening messages that are designed to change health behaviors can cause _____ and lead people to respond defensively.
A. psychological distress
B. physiological symptoms
C. negative perceptions
D. physical stress

 

Level: Factual

8.    (p. 42)Health promotion efforts most commonly capitalize on _____.
A. personal control
B. personal goals
C. values
D. teachable moments

 

Level: Factual

9.    (p. 43)Focusing health promotions on people who are at-risk is more beneficial because:
A. it is obvious that people who are not at risk are more likely to stay healthy.
B. it is easier to prevent health problems among those who are not at risk.
C. it helps to identify other factors that may increase risks.
D. it helps to gradually reduce their risks.

 

Level: Factual

10.  (p. 44)Most often people do not always perceive their risks correctly, and they view their poor health behaviors as shared by everyone. This perception is often _____.
A. unrealistically optimistic
B. unrealistically pessimistic
C. socially influenced
D. unambiguous

 

Level: Factual

 

 

11.  (p. 45)Education appeals make the assumption that:
A. people who are predisposed to depression may react especially poorly to information about their risks.
B. people from families with a familial disorder may know that their personal risk is higher.
C. people will change their health habits if they have good information about their habits.
D. people are afraid that a particular habit is hurting their health, and they will change their behavior to reduce their fear.

 

Level: Factual

12.  (p. 46)_____ messages are more persuasive for encouraging health behaviors with certain outcomes.
A. Prevention
B. Promotion-oriented
C. Negative
D. Positive

 

Level: Factual

13.  (p. 48)_____ is the belief that one can control one’s practice of a particular behavior.
A. Health locus-of-control
B. Self-esteem
C. Self-criticism
D. Self-efficacy

 

Level: Factual

14.  (p. 48)The _____ theory examines how people appraise health threats, and how they appraise their abilities to manage threats.
A. Implementation Intention
B. Protection Motivation
C. Self-Determination
D. Planned Behavior

 

Level: Factual

 

 

15.  (p. 48)According to the theory of planned behavior, behavioral intentions are made up of:
A. attitudes to a specific action, subjective norms, and perceptions of control.
B. dimensions of poor health habits, and self-monitoring.
C. behavior changes, autonomous motivation, and perceived competence.
D. perceptions of vulnerability, magnitude of health threat, and self-efficacy.

 

Level: Factual

16.  (p. 48)_____ is the perception that one can perform an action, and that the action will have the intended effect.
A. Perceived vulnerability
B. Perceived threat reduction
C. Perceived health threat
D. Perceived behavioral control

 

Level: Factual

17.  (p. 49)_____ is experienced when individuals have free will, and choice to make decisions regarding health behavior change.
A. Self-reinforcement
B. Locus of control
C. Autonomous motivation
D. Perceived competence

 

Level: Factual

18.  (p. 49)_____ refers to the belief that one is capable of making a health behavior change.
A. Assertiveness
B. Framing
C. Actualizing
D. Competence

 

Level: Factual

 

 

19.  (p. 49)When a person desires to practice a health behavior, it can be achieved by making a plan that links critical situations, or environmental cues to goal-directed responses. This is emphasized in the _____ model.
A. Implementation Intentions
B. Self-Determination Theory
C. Health Belief
D. Transtheoretical

 

Level: Factual

20.  (p. 50)The rationale underlying self-monitoring is that:
A. people must understand the dimensions of the poor health habit before change can begin.
B. people should believe that a health measure will reduce potential health threats.
C. people should be afraid of their poor health habits in order to induce change.
D. people will change their health habits if they have good information about their habits.

 

Level: Factual

21.  (p. 50)A discriminative stimulus is important because:
A. it helps in distracting an individual from performing the target behavior.
B. its occurrence helps to eliminate a target behavior.
C. it signals that a positive reinforcement will occur.
D. it is incapable of eliciting a target behavior.

 

Level: Factual

 

 

22.  (p. 50)Brenda has been trying to lose weight, and control her seemingly insatiable sweet tooth. To meet her goal, she has removed all cookies, candies, and ice cream from the kitchen cabinets and refrigerator. Instead, she has kept a bowl of fresh fruits on the kitchen counter to occasionally snack on. In this case, Brenda is practicing _____.
A. vicarious self-control
B. self-punishment
C. stimulus control
D. self-reinforcement

 

Level: Applied

23.  (p. 51)The use of Antabuse in the treatment of alcoholism involves having the client sip his or her favorite drink while ingesting Antabuse. After several pairings, alcohol becomes associated with the Antabuse and elicits a(n) _____.
A. conditioned response
B. conditioned stimulus
C. unconditioned response
D. unconditioned stimulus

 

Level: Factual

24.  (p. 51)Classical conditioning is the pairing of a(n) _____ with a new stimulus to produce a conditioned reflex.
A. conditioned stimulus
B. unconditioned response
C. unconditioned reflex
D. conditioned response

 

Level: Factual

 

 

25.  (p. 51)People often generate internal monologues that:
A. facilitates in changing a poor health habit.
B. interferes with the ability to change a behavior.
C. elicits a positive thought process.
D. inhibits a target behavior.

 

Level: Factual

26.  (p. 52)The use of positive reinforcements, such as money or new clothing, to encourage weight loss in an obesity treatment program is an example of _____.
A. shaping
B. modeling
C. operant conditioning
D. classical conditioning

 

Level: Factual

27.  (p. 52)_____ is when a person acts as his or her own therapist, along with guidance from outside, in order to modify the antecedents and consequences of the target behavior.
A. Self-control
B. Self-efficacy
C. Self-talk
D. Self-actualization

 

Level: Factual

 

 

28.  (p. 52)Wanda’s weight-loss counselor has observed that she has a self-defeating pattern of beliefs and cognitions about her inability to control overeating. Specifically, when she eats something that is not allowed on her diet she instantly loses hope, and ponders over her weak will power. Wanda’s counselor is trying to encourage her to think otherwise, and continue with her diet routine even if she waivers a few times. In this case, the therapist is utilizing a technique called _____.
A. cognitive restructuring
B. positive reinforcement
C. self-monitoring
D. self-punishment

 

Level: Applied

29.  (p. 52)A behavioral response is most resistant to extinction if it is maintained by a _____ reinforcement schedule.
A. continuous
B. variable
C. random
D. static

 

Level: Factual

30.  (p. 52)Self-reinforcement involves:
A. learning that occurs from witnessing another person perform a behavior.
B. systematically rewarding oneself to increase or decrease the occurrence of a target behavior.
C. forming a contract with another person detailing what rewards or punishments are contingent on the performance of a behavior.
D. home practice activities that support the goals of a therapeutic intervention.

 

Level: Factual

 

 

31.  (p. 52)Fred wants to lose 20 pounds. He places 20 one-pound boxes of lard in the refrigerator. As his weight-loss program proceeds, he removes one box of lard each time he succeeds in losing a pound. In this instance, Fred is using _____.
A. positive self-punishment
B. negative self-punishment
C. positive self-reward
D. negative self-reward

 

Level: Factual

32.  (p. 52)Positive self-punishment involves:
A. rewarding oneself with something desirable after successful modification of a behavior.
B. administering an unpleasant stimulus to punish an undesirable behavior.
C. withdrawing a positive reinforcement in the environment each time an undesirable behavior is performed.
D. removing an aversive factor in the environment after successful modification of the target behavior.

 

Level: Factual

33.  (p. 53)_____ is learning that occurs from witnessing another person perform a behavior.
A. Classical conditioning
B. Operant conditioning
C. Modeling
D. Guided participation

 

Level: Factual

34.  (p. 53)The most important principle in modeling is _____.
A. synergy
B. differentiation
C. similarity
D. persuasion

 

Level: Factual

 

 

35.  (p. 53)Rhonda entered into an agreement with her friend, Nancy, in an attempt to establish a regular exercise program. According to their agreement, Nancy must pay $1 to Rhonda every day that she exercises for at least 30 minutes. If she fails to do so, Rhonda must pay $1 to Nancy. This is an example of a _____.
A. self-reward
B. token economy
C. contingency contract
D. vicarious reinforcement

 

Level: Applied

36.  (p. 53)Which of the following is an advantage of using behavioral assignments?
A. The therapist becomes involved in the treatment.
B. The therapist produces an analysis of the behavior that is useful in planning interventions.
C. The client commits to the treatment program only when a legal agreement is established.
D. The client gradually takes up responsibility for behavior change.

 

Level: Conceptual

37.  (p. 53)Which of the following is a technique used in relaxation training?
A. Self-talk
B. Deep breathing
C. Hypnosis
D. Debriefing

 

Level: Conceptual

 

 

38.  (p. 54)Adolescents often begin to drink or smoke to reduce their nervousness in social situations by trying to communicate a cool and sophisticated image. This behavior is usually a response to _____.
A. depression
B. medication
C. social anxiety
D. relapse

 

Level: Factual

39.  (p. 54)_____ is a feeling of loss of control that results when a person has violated self-imposed rules.
A. Relapse
B. Social anxiety
C. Window of vulnerability
D. Abstinence violation effect

 

Level: Factual

40.  (p. 54)Relapse is more likely when an individual:
A. is over performing at work.
B. experiences negative affect.
C. has socially appropriate behaviors.
D. is unaware of treatment programs.

 

Level: Factual

41.  (p. 54)Social anxiety is a maladaptive habit necessitating an alternative way of coping. Which of the following techniques would be most effective in treating social anxiety?
A. Assertiveness training
B. Self-talk
C. Lifestyle rebalancing
D. Self-monitoring

 

Level: Factual

 

 

42.  (p. 55)_____ involves restructuring the environment to avoid situations that evoke the target behavior.
A. Modeling
B. Discriminative stimulus
C. Cue elimination
D. Preparation

 

Level: Factual

43.  (p. 55)Long-term maintenance of a behavior change can be promoted by leading a person to make other health-oriented lifestyle changes. This technique is called _____.
A. operant conditioning
B. cognitive restructuring
C. social engineering
D. lifestyle rebalancing

 

Level: Factual

44.  (p. 56)In the precontemplation stage of the transtheoretical model of behavior change:
A. people modify their behavior to overcome the problem.
B. people intend to change their behavior but have not yet done so successfully.
C. people have no intention of changing their behavior.
D. people are aware that they have a problem, and are thinking about it.

 

Level: Factual

45.  (p. 56)In the _____ stage of the transtheoretical model of behavior change, people are aware that they have a problem and are thinking about it, but have not yet made a commitment to taking action.
A. maintenance
B. contemplation
C. action
D. preparation

 

Level: Factual

 

 

46.  (p. 56)Julian has decided to lose 15 pounds. He is concerned about the amount of fat he consumes and suspects that his cholesterol levels are high. He has purchased a popular book on low-fat diets, and has decided to go walking thrice a week after he buys a new pair of walking shoes next week. According to the transtheoretical model of behavior change, Julian is in the _____ stage of behavior change.
A. precontemplation
B. contemplation
C. preparation
D. action

 

Level: Applied

47.  (p. 56)The _____ stage, of the transtheoretical model of behavior change, requires the commitment of time and energy to achieve real behavior change.
A. contemplation
B. maintenance
C. preparation
D. action

 

Level: Factual

48.  (p. 56)The _____ stage of the transtheoretical model of behavior change is conceptualized as a spiral.
A. contemplation
B. preparation
C. maintenance
D. action

 

Level: Factual

 

 

49.  (p. 58)Studies evaluating the effectiveness of the transtheoretical model of behavior change indicate that:
A. interventions matched to the particular stage that an individual is in are always successful.
B. interventions to bridge the gap between the preparation and action stages are inadequate.
C. the model’s stages are inadequate in analyzing the processes that people go through.
D. the model’s applications have shown mixed success.

 

Level: Factual

50.  (p. 58)_____ is used to modify the environment in order to affect people’s health behavior.
A. Relaxation training
B. Cognitive restructuring
C. Contingency contracting
D. Social engineering

 

Level: Factual

51.  (p. 58)_____ involves modifying the environment to affect one’s ability to practice a particular health behavior.
A. Social engineering
B. Reconstruction
C. Cognitive restructuring
D. Passive retraining

 

Level: Factual

 

 

52.  (p. 58)A family physician may be a particularly effective agent in promoting health-related attitudes and behaviors because:
A. individuals are more likely to follow a suggested treatment if they are paying for professional advice.
B. individual behavior modification programs are unsuccessful compared to social engineering efforts.
C. they recommend a one-to-one approach that is the least expensive and most efficient for changing health habits.
D. they are a highly credible source, and their recommendations have the force of expertise behind them.

 

Level: Factual

53.  (p. 59)Which of the following venues for health habit modification is known to have a natural intervention vehicle that can comfortably fit health interventions?
A. The community
B. The school system
C. The Internet
D. The workplace

 

Level: Conceptual

54.  (p. 60)Which of the following is a difference between community-based interventions and individual-based interventions?
A. Community-based interventions can build on social-support for reinforcing health changes whereas individual-based interventions focus only on the individual.
B. Community-based interventions are restricted to a limited environment whereas individual-based interventions reach more people.
C. Community-based interventions are more influential among older adults whereas individual-based interventions are more successful among adolescents.
D. Community-based interventions can bring about significant changes among participants whereas individual-based interventions bring about only modest changes.

 

Level: Conceptual

 

 

55.  (p. 60)Mass media campaigns usually bring about:
A. insignificant health changes.
B. drastic attitude changes.
C. long-term behavior changes.
D. modest attitude changes.

 

Level: Factual

 

True / False Questions

56.  (p. 39)Health habits usually develop in childhood and begin to stabilize around age 20 or 25.
FALSE

 

Level: Factual

57.  (p. 40)The first and most common strategy of primary prevention is to get people to alter their problematic health behaviors.
TRUE

 

Level: Factual

58.  (p. 42)The window of vulnerability concept refers to the fact that certain times are better than others for modifying health practices.
FALSE

 

Level: Factual

 

 

59.  (p. 44)Testing positive for a risk factor usually leads people into needless worry or hypervigilant behavior.
TRUE

 

Level: Factual

60.  (p. 47)Promotion-oriented messages may be more successful in getting people to initiate behavior change, and prevention messages may be more helpful in getting them to maintain behavior change over time.
TRUE

 

Level: Factual

61.  (p. 47)Perceived threat reduction is the perception that one can perform an action, and that action will have the intended effect.
FALSE

 

Level: Factual

62.  (p. 50)Cognitive-behavioral interventions use several complementary methods to intervene in the modification of a target problem and its context.
TRUE

 

Level: Factual

63.  (p. 54)There is no effort to dismantle the denial or irrational beliefs that often accompany bad health behaviors in motivational interviewing.
TRUE

 

Level: Factual

 

 

64.  (p. 55)Self-talk helps participants to talk themselves through tempting situations.
TRUE

 

Level: Factual

65.  (p. 56)The precontemplation stage in the transtheoretical model of behavior change occurs when a person has no intention of changing his or her behavior.
TRUE

 

Level: Factual

 

Essay Questions

66.  (p. 39)Have the patterns of disease in the United States changed since the turn of the twentieth century? Considering the current trends, explain the importance of lifestyle rebalancing.

Patterns of disease in the United States have changed substantially in the twentieth century. There has been a decline in acute infectious disorders due to changes in public health standards, but there has been an increase in the preventable disorders. It is clear that the role of behavioral factors have led to the development of these disorders. Therefore, it is essential to make lifestyle changes such as adding an exercise program, or using stress management techniques to promote health. Long-term maintenance of behavior change can be promoted by leading an individual to make other health-oriented lifestyle changes. This technique is termed as lifestyle rebalancing. This helps to promote a healthy lifestyle and reduce the likelihood of relapse.

 

Level: Factual

 

 

67.  (p. 39)As a philosophy, how is health promotion viewed differently by different people?

Health promotion is a philosophy that good health or wellness is a personal and collective achievement. Individuals view it as developing a program of good health habits. Medical practitioners view it as teaching people how to achieve a healthy lifestyle, and helping people at risk for particular health problems off set or monitoring those risks. Health psychologists consider it the development of interventions to help people practice healthy behaviors. For community and national policy makers, it involves emphasizing good health, and providing information and resources to help people change poor health habits.

 

Level: Factual

68.  (p. 45)How effective are educational appeals in changing attitudes toward health behaviors?

Educational appeals make the assumption that people will change their health habits if they have good information about their habits. Early and continuing efforts to change health habits focused heavily on education and changing attitudes. Some of the following characteristics of educational appeals can make it especially persuasive:

• The communicator should be an expert, prestigious, trustworthy, likable, and similar to the audience.
• Strong arguments should be presented at the beginning and at the end of a message.
• Messages should be short, clear, and direct, and state conclusions explicitly.

Communications should be colorful and vivid rather than steeped in statistics and jargon. If possible, they should also use case histories.

 

Level: Factual

 

 

69.  (p. 47)Charles is a college student who smokes cigarettes. Use the health belief model to explain why Charles continues to smoke even though he is aware of the Surgeon General’s warning about the relationship between cigarettes and cancer, or heart disease.

The health belief model depends on two factors: whether a person perceives a personal threat, or whether a person believes that a particular health practice will be effective in reducing that threat. The latter also consists of two components: whether the person thinks the health practice will be effective, and whether the cost of undertaking that measure exceeds its benefits. Therefore, if an individual thinks that the effectiveness of undertaking a program would interfere with his or her current lifestyle, the individual might not want to undertake such an action. Although, Charles knows the potential dangers of his habit, he is reluctant to modify his behavior as it will interfere with his current enjoyment.

 

Level: Applied

70.  (p. 51)How is the Internet useful in contributing toward health interventions? Find an Internet health campaign and explain its pros and cons.

The Internet provides information and low-cost access to health interventions for millions of people. Websites for smoking cessation and other health habits have been developed, and computer-tailored lifestyle interventions targeting multiple risk factors are also available. The Internet can also be used to augment the effectiveness of other interventions such as school-based smoking cessation programs or interventions with patient groups. CBT interventions for health habit modification delivered via the Internet are as effective as face-to-face interventions. The Internet also enables researchers to recruit a large number of participants for studies at relatively low costs thus enabling data collection related to health habits. Therefore, Internet is a low cost and effective tool used for health interventions.

 

Level: Applied

Chapter 04

Health-Promoting Behaviors

 

 

Multiple Choice Questions

1.    (p. 65)The health benefits of regular exercise include:
A. increased resting heart rate.
B. reduced HDL.
C. increased metabolic syndrome.
D. reduced risk of some cancers.

 

Level: Factual

2.    (p. 65)Who among the following people is least likely to exercise regularly?
A. Joe, a 10-year-old boy
B. Jill, a 15-year-old girl
C. Jack, a 35-year-old man
D. Juana, a 45-year-old woman

 

Level: Applied

3.    (p. 65)A typical exercise prescription is to accumulate _____ or more minutes of moderate intensity activity on most days of the week, and _____ or more minutes of vigorous intensity activity at least three days of the week.
A. 15; 30
B. 20; 15
C. 30; 20
D. 45; 60

 

Level: Factual

 

 

4.    (p. 65)Aerobic exercise involves _____ activities.
A. low intensity, and long duration
B. low intensity, and short duration
C. high intensity, and long duration
D. high intensity, and short duration

 

Level: Factual

5.    (p. 65)A person with low _____ may derive benefits from less exercise each week.
A. cardiopulmonary fitness
B. flexibility
C. anaerobic capacity
D. nutrition

 

Level: Factual

6.    (p. 65)Which of the following is more likely to be an aerobic exercise?
A. Trust walking
B. Rope climbing
C. Tai-Chi
D. Meditation

 

Level: Conceptual

7.    (p. 65)Exercise may be a useful resource in combating the adverse effects of stress because it:
A. helps to suppress the immune system.
B. helps to modulate immune activity.
C. decreases exogenous opioids.
D. increases cognitive functioning.

 

Level: Factual

 

 

8.    (p. 65)Researchers investigating the effects of aerobic exercise on psychological functioning believe that:
A. regular exercise improves physical health, mood, and general well-being.
B. women who exercise regularly will never face symptoms of depression.
C. the positive effect of exercise on mood is unrelated to increased self-efficacy.
D. modest exercise or increase in activity level is not enough to benefit cognitive functioning.

 

Level: Factual

9.    (p. 66)Which of the following statements is a benefit of conducting an employee fitness program?
A. It decreases costs for the company.
B. It increases employee turnover.
C. It decreases time spent on-the-job.
D. It increases job satisfaction.

 

Level: Conceptual

10.  (p. 66)Individuals are more likely to exercise if:
A. they belong to families in which exercise is rarely practiced.
B. they perceive themselves as lethargic.
C. they do not have social support, or people to take responsibility for their health.
D. they have a strong self-efficacy for exercising.

 

Level: Factual

11.  (p. 66)People who are _____ are more likely to exercise.
A. workaholics
B. unsociable
C. sedentary
D. extroverted

 

Level: Factual

 

 

12.  (p. 66)_____ can foster exercise.
A. Social support
B. Hypertension
C. Painkillers
D. Sedentary work

 

Level: Factual

13.  (p. 66)People who live in low socio-economic statuses find it difficult to exercise because:
A. they do not have the time.
B. they are already engaged in other activities.
C. they are socially isolated.
D. they live in unsafe neighborhoods.

 

Level: Factual

14.  (p. 66)Improving _____ for exercise increases rates of exercise.
A. environmental options
B. emotional functioning
C. cognitive functioning
D. community connections

 

Level: Factual

15.  (p. 67)Successful interventions are designed to match physical activity with:
A. an individual’s mental age.
B. an individual’s stage of readiness.
C. an individual’s financial status.
D. an individual’s perception of self-appearance.

 

Level: Factual

 

 

16.  (p. 67)Softechture Inc., a software company, has organized a workshop for its employees to promote the values of exercise, physical health, and psychological well-being. This kind of a workshop is known as _____ intervention.
A. worksite
B. family-based
C. dietary
D. psychological

 

Level: Applied

17.  (p. 68)The number of people who participate in regular exercise has increased by more than _____ in the past few decades.
A. 30 percent
B. 50 percent
C. 70 percent
D. 85 percent

 

Level: Factual

18.  (p. 68)_____ represents one of the major causes of preventable death.
A. Accident
B. Insomnia
C. Stress
D. Ageing

 

Level: Factual

19.  (p. 68)Interventions to reduce home accidents are typically conducted with parents because:
A. they are more knowledgeable about the most common hazards in their home.
B. young children may not be able to learn about safety at home.
C. evaluations have shown that parents lack knowledge in safeguarding their children.
D. they have control over the child’s environment.

 

Level: Factual

 

 

20.  (p. 69)Mary is turning 50, and she does not think she is at risk for breast cancer. What would you suggest?
A. Mary does not need a mammogram.
B. Mary should get a mammogram every year.
C. It is unclear what Mary should do.
D. Mary should wait until she crosses age 50.

 

Level: Applied

21.  (p. 70)Screening through mammography is important for older and high-risk women because:
A. early detection can improve survival rates.
B. one in every five women develops breast cancer.
C. compliance with mammography recommendations is high.
D. the use of mammograms improves with age.

 

Level: Factual

22.  (p. 70)Which of the following is a compelling reason that deters women from getting regular mammograms?
A. Fear of radiation
B. Distance from health care facilities
C. Lack of equipment’s in the hospitals
D. Fear of looking older

 

Level: Conceptual

23.  (p. 70)Which of the following is a similarity between breast cancer, and colorectal cancer?
A. Both are more common among Hispanics.
B. Both are a common cause of death in young adults.
C. Both have a high likelihood of survival.
D. Both recommend screening for older adults.

 

Level: Conceptual

 

 

24.  (p. 71)The chief risk factor for skin cancer is known to be _____.
A. age
B. obesity
C. ultraviolet radiation
D. melanin

 

Level: Factual

25.  (p. 71)Communications to adolescents and young adults regarding the use of sunscreen should emphasize:
A. negative effects of using excessive sunscreen lotion.
B. long-term risks of chronic illness.
C. immediate adverse effects of sun exposure.
D. advantages of using a tanning salon as compared to sun exposure.

 

Level: Factual