Health Psychology 4th Canadian Edition By Shelley E Taylor – Test Bank
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Sample Test
Chapter 03
Health Behaviours
True / False Questions
1. Health
promotion is defined as helping people at risk for particular health problems
by making healthy lifestyle changes.
FALSE
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Learning Objective: 03-01
Describe and define health promotion.
Topic: 03-01 What is
Health Promotion?
2. By
the age of 11 or 12, most children have fairly stable health habits that resemble
those of adults.
TRUE
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Learning Objective: 03-02
Explain why health behaviours are important.
Topic: 03-03 What Are
Health Behaviours?
3. Instilling
good health habits and changing poor ones is the task of primary prevention.
TRUE
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Learning Objective: 03-02
Explain why health behaviours are important.
Topic: 03-03 What Are
Health Behaviours?
4. The
concept of the window of vulnerability refers to the fact that certain times are
better for teaching particular health practices than others.
FALSE
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Learning Objective: 03-02
Explain why health behaviours are important.
Topic: 03-07 Intervening
with Children and Adolescents
5. Health
message communicators are more persuasive if they are likable and similar to
the audience.
TRUE
Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Learning Objective: 03-03
Know the theories and models used for understanding health behaviour change.
Topic: 03-12 Attitude
Change and Health Behaviour
6. Research
has established that the more fear that a persuasive message elicits, the more
effective it is for changing behaviour.
FALSE
Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Learning Objective: 03-03
Know the theories and models used for understanding health behaviour change.
Topic: 03-12 Attitude
Change and Health Behaviour
7. Social
cognition models of health behaviour change suggest that the beliefs that
people hold about particular health behaviour motivate their decision to change
that behaviour.
TRUE
Blooms: Analyze
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Learning Objective: 03-03
Know the theories and models used for understanding health behaviour change.
Topic: 03-13 Social
Cognition Models of Health Behaviour Change
8. Cognitive-behaviour
therapy approaches to health habit modification target behaviour itself, the
conditions that elicit and maintain it and the factors that reinforce it.
TRUE
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 3 Hard
Learning Objective: 03-04
Describe how cognitive-behavioural approaches are used to change health
behaviours.
Topic: 03-18 How are
Cognitive-Behavioural Approaches Used to Change Health Behaviours?
9. Social
engineering approaches to health behaviour changes involve active methods.
FALSE
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 3 Hard
Learning Objective: 03-05
Understand other methods for changing health behaviours.
Topic: 03-27 How can Other
Methods be Used to Change Health Behaviours?
10.
Health risk assessments (HRA) identify employees’ specific risks
based on current age, family history, and lifestyle factors.
TRUE
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Learning Objective: 03-05
Understand other methods for changing health behaviours.
Topic: 03-32 Work-Site
Interventions
Multiple Choice Questions
11.
Which of the following is the best definition of health
promotion?
A.A
general philosophy that good health is a personal and collective achievement.
B. The practice of good health behaviours.
C. The avoidance of health-compromising behaviours.
D. Medical interventions designed to enhance and maximize good health.
E. A collection of behavioural management techniques for good health
behaviours.
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Learning Objective: 03-01
Describe and define health promotion.
Topic: 03-01 What is
Health Promotion?
12.
According to the text, changing health behaviours
A.may
reduce the number of deaths due to diseases related to lifestyle.
B. cannot be promoted to those who lead unhealthy lifestyles.
C. do not delay the onset of chronic disease.
D. will create jobs in the health services.
E. is beneficial only after illnesses have been treated.
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Learning Objective: 03-02
Explain why health behaviours are important.
Topic: 03-03 What Are
Health Behaviours?
13.
Health habits
A.are highly resistant to change, because they are continually reinforced by
specific positive outcomes.
B. are unrelated to health behaviours.
C. require access to the health care delivery system.
D. are
often performed without conscious awareness.
E. are something people are consciously aware of but choose to deny.
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Learning Objective: 03-02
Explain why health behaviours are important.
Topic: 03-03 What Are
Health Behaviours?
14.
According to the text, cancer deaths could be reduced by more
than 50 percent simply by getting people to
A.avoid
smoking.
B. increase their physical activity.
C. tell their doctor when their health changes.
D. eat more fruits and vegetables.
E. decrease their alcohol intake.
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Learning Objective: 03-02
Explain why health behaviours are important.
Topic: 03-04 Role of
Behavioural Factors in Disease and Disorder
15.
Which of these is NOT a good health habit as pointed out by
scientists Belloc and Breslow (1972)?
A.Eating
between meals.
B. Not smoking.
C. Eating breakfast each day.
D. Getting regular exercise.
E. Sleeping seven to eight hours a night.
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Learning Objective: 03-02
Explain why health behaviours are important.
Topic: 03-03 What Are
Health Behaviours?
16.
According to the demographic factors discussed in the text,
which of the following individuals is most likely to practice good health
behaviours?
A.Joe, a 45-year-old high school dropout who works two jobs in order to support
his family
B. Dan, a 30-year-old high school graduate who works as a file clerk in a
small insurance agency who expects to be married next month
C. Bill, a divorced 50-year-old corporate attorney
D. Sam,
a 30-year-old assistant professor who has just celebrated his fifth wedding
anniversary
E. Barbara, a high school senior in a small farming community
Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: 3 Hard
Learning Objective: 03-02
Explain why health behaviours are important.
Topic: 03-05 What Factors
Influence the Practice of Health Behaviours?
17.
Perception of having one’s health under control is referred to
as _______.
A.internal locus of control
B. external locus of control
C. health
locus of control
D. optimistic locus of control
E. good locus of control
Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Learning Objective: 03-02
Explain why health behaviours are important.
Topic: 03-05 What Factors
Influence the Practice of Health Behaviours?
18.
One aspect of health habits that makes them difficult to modify
is that
A.the exact
point for intervention is seldom clear.
B. they are interdependent—a change in one habit is often reflected in
changes in others.
C. factors controlling health behaviour are generally consistent across
the life span.
D. unhealthy habits do not develop until adulthood, when they have no
apparent effect on health.
E. stable personalities make change difficult.
Blooms: Analyze
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Learning Objective: 03-02
Explain why health behaviours are important.
Topic: 03-06 Barriers to
Modifying Poor Health Behaviours
19.
Considering the relationship of chronological age to health
behaviours, health habits
A.are good in childhood.
B. deteriorate
in adolescence and early adulthood.
C. improve among retired adults under 73.
D. deteriorate among adults 73 and older.
E. are relatively stable throughout the lifespan.
Blooms: Analyze
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Learning Objective: 03-02
Explain why health behaviours are important.
Topic: 03-07 Intervening
with Children and Adolescents
20.
Which of the following is NOT considered a “teachable moment”?
A.A child’s first dental visit.
B. Pregnancy.
C. An adult with newly diagnosed coronary artery disease.
D. A crucial point at which a person is ready to modify a health
behaviour.
E. Regular
visits to the doctor.
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: 3 Hard
Learning Objective: 03-02
Explain why health behaviours are important.
Topic: 03-07 Intervening
with Children and Adolescents
21.
Research suggests that most people’s perceptions of their own
health risks are
A.unrealistically
optimistic.
B. unrealistically pessimistic.
C. insensitive to feedback.
D. generally accurate.
E. that their poor health behaviours are distinctive.
Blooms: Analyze
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Learning Objective: 03-02
Explain why health behaviours are important.
Topic: 03-08 Interventions
with At-Risk People
22.
You are designing a health-promotion program for a retirement
community. According to the text, which of the following behaviours would be
the most important to target in your intervention?
A.Eliminating smoking.
B. Developing
a regular exercise program.
C. Maintaining a healthy diet.
D. Getting regular vaccinations for influenza.
E. Learning meditation and relaxation techniques.
Blooms: Evaluate
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Learning Objective: 03-02
Explain why health behaviours are important.
Topic: 03-09 Health
Promotion and the Elderly
23.
Smoking rates among Aboriginal youth are about ______ the rate
for Canadians in general.
A.a quarter
B. half
C. three-quarters
D. twice
E. thrice
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Learning Objective: 03-02
Explain why health behaviours are important.
Topic: 03-10 Ethnic and
Gender Differences in Health Risks and Habits
24.
Which of the following is the best description of prospect
theory?
A.Different
presentations of risk information will change people’s perspectives and
actions.
B. Messages that emphasize potential problems should work better for
behaviours that have certain outcomes.
C. Messages that stress benefits may be more persuasive for behaviours
with certain high risk outcomes.
D. Matching the framing of the message with the health behaviour does not
impact the effectiveness of the message.
E. The emotional state of the message recipient is not important.
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: 3 Hard
Learning Objective: 03-03
Know the theories and models used for understanding health behaviour change.
Topic: 03-12 Attitude
Change and Health Behaviour
25.
Julia is designing a public service message designed to
encourage adults to engage in moderate exercise. To be most effective, her
message should address
A.weight gain experienced by sedentary adults as they age.
B. decreased flexibility associated with lack of exercise.
C. positive
mood and enhanced well-being associated with aerobic exercise.
D. decreased bone density as they age.
E. the strongest arguments in the middle of her message.
Blooms: Analyze
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Learning Objective: 03-03
Know the theories and models used for understanding health behaviour change.
Topic: 03-12 Attitude Change
and Health Behaviour
26.
The health belief model states that the practice of a particular
health behaviour is a function of
A.an individual’s beliefs that he or she, rather than powerful others or
chance, is in control of his or her own health.
B. an individual’s attitudes about a health behaviour, subjective
normative beliefs, and self-efficacy.
C. an
individual’s beliefs in a specific health threat and beliefs that a specific
health behaviour can reduce that threat.
D. perceived self-efficacy and perceived invulnerability.
E. the fact that messages that emphasize potential problems should work
better for behaviours that have uncertain outcomes.
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Learning Objective: 03-03
Know the theories and models used for understanding health behaviour change.
Topic: 03-13 Social
Cognition Models of Health Behaviour Change
27.
_______________ is the belief that one is able to control one’s
practice of a particular behaviour.
A.Health locus-of-control
B. Self-esteem
C. Self-control
D. Self-efficacy
E. Self-confidence
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 3 Hard
Learning Objective: 03-03
Know the theories and models used for understanding health behaviour change.
Topic: 03-13 Social
Cognition Models of Health Behaviour Change
28.
According to the theory of planned behaviour, behavioural
intentions are a function of
A.attitude
to a specific action, subjective norms, and perceptions of control.
B. general health attitudes, normative beliefs, and perceptions of
control.
C. specific health attitudes and normative beliefs.
D. perceptions of vulnerability, magnitude of health threat, and
self-efficacy.
E. planning and self-esteem.
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Learning Objective: 03-03
Know the theories and models used for understanding health behaviour change.
Topic: 03-13 Social
Cognition Models of Health Behaviour Change
29.
Julian has decided that he needs to lose 15 pounds. He is
concerned about the amount of fat he consumes and suspects that his cholesterol
count is high. He has purchased a popular book on low-fat diets and has decided
that he will begin walking three times a week after he buys a new pair of
walking shoes next week. According to Prochaska et al.’s (1992)
transtheoretical model of behavioural change, Julian is in the _______________
stage of health behaviour change.
A.precontemplation
B. contemplation
C. preparation
D. action
E. maintenance
Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Learning Objective: 03-03
Know the theories and models used for understanding health behaviour change.
Topic: 03-15 The
Transtheoretical Model of Behaviour Change
30.
Studies evaluating the effectiveness of Prochaska et al.’s
(1992) transtheoretical model of behavioural change indicate that
A.interventions matched to the stage that an individual is in are more
successful than those more appropriate for other stages.
B. interventions that teach skills relevant to action and behaviour
maintenance have little effect on individual motivation.
C. the media has even less of an effect on an individual’s health
behaviours than previously thought.
D. its
applications have shown mixed success.
E. its applications have been shown to be extremely useful.
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: 3 Hard
Learning Objective: 03-03
Know the theories and models used for understanding health behaviour change.
Topic: 03-17 Using the
Stages of Change Model
31.
Which of the following is NOT the best example of an
implementation intention to increase exercise behaviour?
A.I
want to exercise more.
B. I will go buy some new running shoes so that I can start running.
C. I will jog for 30 minutes in my neighbourhood every Tuesday and
Thursday evening.
D. I will exercise 2 hours per week for the next 3 months.
E. I will complete three sets of 10 squats every day.
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Learning Objective: 03-03
Know the theories and models used for understanding health behaviour change.
Topic: 03-13 Social
Cognition Models of Health Behaviour Change
32.
_________ is (are) important to consider when people are trying
to make behaviour changes.
A.Self-control
B. Positive self-evaluations
C. Negative self-evaluations
D. Self-concept
E. Self-efficacy
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: 3 Hard
Learning Objective: 03-03
Know the theories and models used for understanding health behaviour change.
Topic: 03-15 The
Transtheoretical Model of Behaviour Change
33.
_______________ focuses on the target behaviour and on the
beliefs that people hold about their health habits.
A.Attitudinal therapy
B. Operant conditioning
C. Cognitive-behaviour
therapy
D. Modelling
E. Classical conditioning.
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Learning Objective: 03-04
Describe how cognitive-behavioural approaches are used to change health
behaviours.
Topic: 03-18 How are
Cognitive-Behavioural Approaches Used to Change Health Behaviours?
34.
_________________ trains individuals to recognize and modify
negative internal monologues to promote health behaviour change.
A.Covert
self-control
B. Self-efficacy
C. Contingency contracting
D. Assertiveness training
E. Behavioural assignment
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: 3 Hard
Learning Objective: 03-04
Describe how cognitive-behavioural approaches are used to change health
behaviours.
Topic: 03-24 The
Self-Control of Behaviour
35.
The use of Antabuse in the treatment of alcoholism involves
having the client sip his or her favourite drink while ingesting Antabuse.
After several pairings, alcohol becomes associated with the Antabuse and
elicits a(n) _______________.
A.conditioned
response
B. conditioned stimulus
C. unconditioned response
D. unconditioned stimulus
E. extinction response
Blooms: Analyze
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Learning Objective: 03-04
Describe how cognitive-behavioural approaches are used to change health
behaviours.
Topic: 03-20 Classical
Conditioning
36.
Classical conditioning modifies the _______________ of
behaviour; operant conditioning modifies the _______________ of behaviour.
A.consequences; consequences
B. consequences; antecedents
C. antecedents;
consequences
D. antecedents; antecedents
E. stimuli; responses
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Learning Objective: 03-04
Describe how cognitive-behavioural approaches are used to change health
behaviours.
Topic: 03-21 Operant
Conditioning
37.
The use of rewards for weight loss (e.g., money or new clothing)
in the treatment of obesity is an example of
A.shaping.
B. modelling.
C. operant
conditioning.
D. classical conditioning.
E. conditioned response.
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Learning Objective: 03-04 Describe
how cognitive-behavioural approaches are used to change health behaviours.
Topic: 03-21 Operant
Conditioning
38.
The use of ex-addicts as peer counsellors in drug treatment
programs is an example of
A.shaping.
B. modelling.
C. operant conditioning.
D. classical conditioning.
E. mentoring.
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Learning Objective: 03-04
Describe how cognitive-behavioural approaches are used to change health
behaviours.
Topic: 03-22 Modelling
39.
A discriminative stimulus
A.is a central component of therapies based on classical conditioning.
B. becomes a reinforcer through pairing with the unconditioned stimulus.
C. serves
as a cue that positive reinforcement will occur.
D. involves systematically rewarding the self to increase or decrease the
occurrence of a target behaviour.
E. is often associated with shaping behaviour.
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Learning Objective: 03-04
Describe how cognitive-behavioural approaches are used to change health
behaviours.
Topic: 03-23 Stimulus
Control
40.
Brenda has been trying to lose weight and control her seemingly
insatiable sweet tooth. To meet her goal, she has removed all cookies, candy,
and ice cream from the kitchen cabinets and refrigerator. She now keeps a bowl
of fresh fruit on the kitchen counter for snacking. Brenda is practicing
A.vicarious self-control.
B. self-punishment.
C. stimulus
control.
D. self-reinforcement.
E. discriminative stimuli.
Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Learning Objective: 03-04
Describe how cognitive-behavioural approaches are used to change health
behaviours.
Topic: 03-23 Stimulus
Control
41.
Fred wants to lose 20 pounds. He places 20 one-pound boxes of
lard in the refrigerator. As his weight-loss program proceeds, he removes one
box of lard each time he succeeds in losing a pound. Fred’s behaviour is an
example of ______.
A.positive self-punishment
B. negative self-punishment
C. positive self-reward
D. negative
self-reward
E. positive self-punishment and negative self-reward
Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Learning Objective: 03-04
Describe how cognitive-behavioural approaches are used to change health
behaviours.
Topic: 03-24 The
Self-Control of Behaviour
42.
Self-punishment
A.is as effective in changing behaviour as self-reward.
B. is
most effective in changing behaviour when it is also coupled with self-reward.
C. is effective in behaviour change even when individuals stop performing
the target behaviour.
D. becomes increasingly effective as the punishment becomes increasingly
aversive.
E. is not usually recommended due to the lasting emotional problems
associated with it.
Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Learning Objective: 03-04
Describe how cognitive-behavioural approaches are used to change health
behaviours.
Topic: 03-24 The Self-Control
of Behaviour
43.
Rhonda entered into an agreement with her friend, Nancy, in an
attempt to establish a regular exercise program. According to their agreement,
Nancy pays Rhonda $1 every day that she exercises for at least 30 minutes after
work. If she fails to do so, Rhonda must pay Nancy $1. This is an example of
A.shaping.
B. a token economy.
C. a
contingency contract.
D. vicarious reinforcement.
E. negative reinforcement.
Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: 3 Hard
Learning Objective: 03-04
Describe how cognitive-behavioural approaches are used to change health
behaviours.
Topic: 03-24 The
Self-Control of Behaviour
44.
Internal monologues
A.are always positive and adaptive.
B. can
function as antecedents and as consequences of target behaviour.
C. are resistant to change through standard techniques of reinforcement.
D. can function as antecedents but not as consequences of target
behaviour.
E. are always negative and maladaptive.
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: 3 Hard
Learning Objective: 03-04
Describe how cognitive-behavioural approaches are used to change health
behaviours.
Topic: 03-24 The
Self-Control of Behaviour
45.
Wanda’s weight loss counsellor has observed that she has a
self-defeating pattern of beliefs and cognitions about her ability to control
her overeating. Specifically, when she eats something that is not allowed on
her diet, she thinks “I have no willpower; I’ll always be fat” and continues to
binge. Wanda’s counsellor now is encouraging her to think “Well, I slipped on
my diet at lunch. Relax, one slip isn’t that bad. I’ll get back on my diet
right away!” The therapist is utilizing a technique called
A.cognitive
restructuring.
B. positive reinforcement.
C. self-monitoring.
D. self-punishment.
E. theory of reasoned behaviour.
Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: 3 Hard
Learning Objective: 03-04
Describe how cognitive-behavioural approaches are used to change health
behaviours.
Topic: 03-24 The
Self-Control of Behaviour
46.
How can modelling be used to teach the client cognitive restructuring?
A.Model maladaptive behaviours first.
B. Model classical conditioning.
C. Model
adaptive self-talk.
D. Model effective breathing techniques.
E. Model motivational learning.
Blooms: Analyze
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Learning Objective: 03-04
Describe how cognitive-behavioural approaches are used to change health
behaviours.
Topic: 03-24 The
Self-Control of Behaviour
47.
The goal of social skills training is to
A.reduce
the anxiety associated with social situations.
B. get the client to think through and express some of his or her own
reasons for and against change.
C. learn relaxation procedures to cope more effectively with their
anxiety.
D. learn to relax all the muscles in the body to discharge tension or
stress.
E. increase motivation.
Blooms: Analyze
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Learning Objective: 03-04
Describe how cognitive-behavioural approaches are used to change health
behaviours.
Topic: 03-24 The
Self-Control of Behaviour
48.
Motivational interviewing
A.is designed to reduce anxiety that occurs in social situations.
B. is used to train a client in cognitive restructuring
C. helps rid the environment of discriminative stimuli that evoke the
problem of health behaviour.
D. is
a client-centred counselling style designed to get people to work through ambivalence
they may be experiencing about changing their health behaviours.
E. sets the stage for enlisting the patient’s joint participation early in
the effort to modify health behaviours.
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Learning Objective: 03-04
Describe how cognitive-behavioural approaches are used to change health
behaviours.
Topic: 03-24 The
Self-Control of Behaviour
49.
Which of these behaviours may not necessarily lead to permanent
relapse?
A.Smoking only two cigarettes a day.
B. Having only a small drink daily.
C. Having a pint of ice cream on Saturdays only.
D. A
single cigarette smoked at a cocktail party.
E. Five cigarettes smoked at a cocktail party.
Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Learning Objective: 03-04
Describe how cognitive-behavioural approaches are used to change health
behaviours.
Topic: 03-26 Relapse
50.
Relapse
A.is
more likely to be observed in instances of declining motivation and lack of
goals.
B. appears to be unrelated to situational factors; it is almost
exclusively an individual problem.
C. has been found to have similar rates and patterns for alcohol and drug
addiction, but relapse rates for smokers increase with the passage of time.
D. is unrelated to levels of perceived stress and social support.
E. usually occurs after a three month period of abstinence.
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Learning Objective: 03-04
Describe how cognitive-behavioural approaches are used to change health
behaviours.
Topic: 03-26 Relapse
51.
An abstinence violation effect is associated with
A.psychological reactance and an increased feeling of perceived control.
B. an increased feeling of perceived control and decreased likelihood of
relapse.
C. a
loss of perceived control and increased likelihood of relapse.
D. increased vigilance.
E. suppressed hypervigilance.
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: 3 Hard
Learning Objective: 03-04
Describe how cognitive-behavioural approaches are used to change health
behaviours.
Topic: 03-26 Relapse
52.
An important focus of relapse prevention programs is to _____
motivation, and ______ commitment of participants.
A.increase; increase
B. increase; decrease
C. decrease; decrease
D. maintain; maintain
E. increase;
maintain
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Learning Objective: 03-04
Describe how cognitive-behavioural approaches are used to change health
behaviours.
Topic: 03-26 Relapse
53.
Relapse prevention techniques often adopt cue exposure
techniques, which
A.extinguish
the craving typically evoked by a cue, such as an alcoholic beverage.
B. decrease feelings of self-efficacy.
C. increase positive expectations associated with the addictive behaviour.
D. restrict the opportunity to practise coping responses.
E. increase feelings of guilt in the person.
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Learning Objective: 03-04
Describe how cognitive-behavioural approaches are used to change health
behaviours.
Topic: 03-26 Relapse
54.
_______________ involves modifying the environment to affect
one’s ability to practise a particular health behaviour.
A.Social
engineering
B. Reconstruction
C. Adaptive environmental change
D. Passive retraining
E. Occupational therapy
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Learning Objective: 03-05
Understand other methods for changing health behaviours.
Topic: 03-27 How can Other
Methods be Used to Change Health Behaviours?
55.
Which of the following is NOT an example of social engineering
to change health-related behaviours?
A.Legislating smoke-free indoor work environments.
B. Lowering the speed limit.
C. Interventions
designed to get parents to reduce accidents in the home.
D. Legislation to eliminate the amount of trans fats allowed in foods.
E. Requiring immunizations for children before school entry.
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Learning Objective: 03-05
Understand other methods for changing health behaviours.
Topic: 03-27 How can Other
Methods be Used to Change Health Behaviours?
56.
Work sites have typically dealt with employees’ health habits by
A.providing
on-the-job health-promotion programs.
B. using a health risk assessment when employees meet with work-related
illnesses.
C. providing only for employees working risky jobs.
D. providing designated areas for smokers.
E. providing diabetes awareness to those at risk.
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Learning Objective: 03-05
Understand other methods for changing health behaviours.
Topic: 03-32 Work-Site
Interventions
57.
The family physician may be a particularly effective agent in
promoting health-related attitudes and behaviour because
A.individuals are more likely to follow a suggested treatment if they pay for
professional advice.
B. few social engineering solutions to health problems have been
successful.
C. a one-to-one approach is the least expensive and most efficient vehicle
for changing health habits.
D. a
physician is a highly credible communicator and agent of health-habit change.
E. a physician can reduce the risk status of many people at one time.
Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Learning Objective: 03-05
Understand other methods for changing health behaviours.
Topic: 03-28 The Health
Practitioner’s Office
58.
Self-help groups ____.
A.are in person only
B. are online only
C. can
be either in person or online
D. are held at night, so people can attend after work
E. are held only on weekends
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Learning Objective: 03-05
Understand other methods for changing health behaviours.
Topic: 03-30 Self-Help
Groups
59.
The effectiveness of community interventions is ____.
A.very high, with a high success rate
B. very low, with a low success rate
C. very high, with a mixed success rate
D. unknown
E. controversial
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Learning Objective: 03-05
Understand other methods for changing health behaviours.
Topic: 03-33
Community-Based Interventions
60.
Evaluations of the efficacy of mass media health appeals suggest
that
A.messages are often too concrete and specific, and thus it is difficult to
glean useful information from mass media appeals.
B. including specific recommendations about health-related behaviours
diminishes individual perceptions of self-efficacy.
C. mass media messages are unrelated to shifts in cultural climate.
D. media
appeals are often important sources of information for alerting the public to unknown
health risks.
E. mass media campaigns are successful at bringing about long-term change.
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: 3 Hard
Learning Objective: 03-05
Understand other methods for changing health behaviours.
Topic: 03-34 The Mass
Media
61.
Which of the following is NOT one of the main messages conveyed
by the Participation media campaign?
A.eat well
B. avoid
illness
C. be physically active
D. feel good about yourself
E. have fun while being physically active
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 3 Hard
Learning Objective: 03-05
Understand other methods for changing health behaviours.
Topic: 03-35 The Internet
Short Answer Questions
62.
Compare and contrast what health promotion means to individuals,
medical practitioners, psychologists, and community and national policy makers.
Answers may vary.
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Learning Objective: 03-01
Describe and define health promotion.
Topic: 03-01 What is
Health Promotion?
63.
How have patterns of disease in Canada changed since the turn of
the 20th century? Considering these trends, explain the importance
of efforts to modify health behaviours and lifestyle rebalancing.
Answers may vary.
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Learning Objective: 03-02
Explain why health behaviours are important.
Topic: 03-02 Why are
Health Behaviours Important?
64.
Explain why the instability of health habits makes them
difficult to change.
Answers may vary.
Blooms: Evaluate
Difficulty: 3 Hard
Learning Objective: 03-02
Explain why health behaviours are important.
Topic: 03-02 Why are
Health Behaviours Important?
65.
Charles is a college student who smokes cigarettes. Use the
health belief model and the theory of planned behaviour to explain why Charles
continues to smoke even though he is aware of the Surgeon General’s warning
about the relationship between cigarettes and cancer and heart disease.
Answers may vary.
Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: 3 Hard
Learning Objective: 03-03
Know the theories and models used for understanding health behaviour change.
Topic: 03-11 What Theories
and Models are Used for Understanding Health Behaviour Change?
66.
Describe the problem of relapse. Explain how relapse prevention
might be incorporated into a broad-spectrum cognitive-behaviour therapy
treatment plan for (choose one) alcoholism, smoking, or obesity. Be sure to
include in your answer specific cognitive-behaviour techniques and their role
in the therapeutic plan.
Answers may vary.
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: 3 Hard
Learning Objective: 03-04
Describe how cognitive-behavioural approaches are used to change health
behaviours.
Topic: 03-18 How are
Cognitive-Behavioural Approaches Used to Change Health Behaviours?
67.
List three types of venues used for health behaviour change and
describe how each deals with health behaviour change. What are the advantages
and disadvantages of each venue?
Answers may vary.
Blooms: Evaluate
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Learning Objective: 03-05
Understand other methods for changing health behaviours.
Topic: 03-27 How can Other
Methods be Used to Change Health Behaviours?
Chapter 05
Health-Compromising Behaviours
True / False Questions
1. Adolescence
is a particularly vulnerable time for health compromising behaviours.
TRUE
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Learning Objective: 05-01 Identify
the characteristics of health-compromising behaviours.
Topic: 05-01 What are the
Characteristics of Health-Compromising Behaviours?
2. Many
health compromising behaviours are more common in individuals from higher
social classes.
FALSE
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Learning Objective: 05-01
Identify the characteristics of health-compromising behaviours.
Topic: 05-01 What are the
Characteristics of Health-Compromising Behaviours?
3. Harm
reduction focuses on completely eliminating substance use.
FALSE
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Learning Objective: 05-02
Describe and define substance dependence.
Topic: 05-02 What is
Substance Dependence?
4. There
are four main classes of illicit drugs.
TRUE
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Learning Objective: 05-02
Describe and define substance dependence.
Topic: 05-03 Illicit Drug
Use
5. Psychological
and social rewards associated with drinking include reduced anxiety and
depression.
TRUE
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Learning Objective: 05-03
Understand how alcoholism and problem drinking compromise health.
Topic: 05-07 Origins of
Alcoholism and Problem Drinking
6. Research
supports the idea that most alcoholics eventually receive some form of
inpatient or outpatient treatment.
FALSE
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Learning Objective: 05-03
Understand how alcoholism and problem drinking compromise health.
Topic: 05-08 Treatment of
Alcohol Abuse
7. Trying
cigarettes makes a person significantly more likely to use other drugs in the
future.
TRUE
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Learning Objective: 05-04
Explain how smoking is harmful for health and what factors influence smoking.
Topic: 05-14 How is
Smoking Harmful for Health and What Factors Influence Smoking?
8. Smokers
have more accidents and injuries at work.
TRUE
Blooms: Analyze
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Learning Objective: 05-04
Explain how smoking is harmful for health and what factors influence smoking.
Topic: 05-14 How is
Smoking Harmful for Health and What Factors Influence Smoking?
9. Anorexia
nervosa is classified as an obsessive disorder.
TRUE
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Learning Objective: 05-05
Describe eating disorders.
Topic: 05-23 Anorexia
Nervosa
10.
Individuals with bulimia are often thinner than those with
anorexia nervosa.
FALSE
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Learning Objective: 05-05
Describe eating disorders.
Topic: 05-24 Bulimia
Multiple Choice Questions
11.
Alcohol abuse and smoking share a window of vulnerability in
A.adolescence.
B. young adulthood.
C. middle age.
D. old age.
E. stressful times.
Blooms: Analyze
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Learning Objective: 05-01
Identify the characteristics of health-compromising behaviours.
Topic: 05-01 What are the
Characteristics of Health-Compromising Behaviours?
12.
According to the DSM-5, substance use disorders arise when an
individual experiences ______ from using a substance repeatedly.
A.hallucinations
B. cognitive decline
C. physical disabilities
D. functional
impairment
E. social impairment
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Learning Objective: 05-02
Describe and define substance dependence.
Topic: 05-02 What is
Substance Dependence?
13.
Since he stopped smoking last week, John complains about
fighting the urge for a cigarette, especially when he is around other smokers.
This is an example of
A.addiction.
B. tolerance.
C. craving.
D. withdrawal.
E. aversion.
Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Learning Objective: 05-02
Describe and define substance dependence.
Topic: 05-02 What is
Substance Dependence?
14.
Psychoactive substances
A.impact
cognitive and affective processes and alter the way a person behaves when
ingested.
B. do not include illicit drugs.
C. do not include alcohol.
D. include antibiotics.
E. include soda.
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: 3 Hard
Learning Objective: 05-02
Describe and define substance dependence.
Topic: 05-03 Illicit Drug
Use
15.
According to a recent international study on substance abuse in
industrialized countries by the United Nations, Canada is one of the world leaders
in
A.injection drug use
B. marijuana
use
C. binge drinking
D. treatment programs for alcohol abuse
E. cocaine use
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Learning Objective: 05-02
Describe and define substance dependence.
Topic: 05-02 What is Substance
Dependence?
16.
Who is more likely to use prescription drugs without medical
supervision?
A.Tara, an A-grader
B. Jim, a basketball champion
C. Elle, who drinks a lot of tea
D. Lisa, who has several tattoos on her body
E. Dora,
who is a daily smoker
Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: 3 Hard
Learning Objective: 05-02
Describe and define substance dependence.
Topic: 05-03 Illicit Drug
Use
17.
Anna consumed alcohol during her pregnancy, and Anna’s baby was
born with some facial deformities, developmental disabilities, and mental
health issues. The baby has _____.
A.sickle-cell anemia
B. Down’s syndrome
C. fetal
alcohol syndrome
D. cerebral palsy
E. autism spectrum disorder
Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: 3 Hard
Learning Objective: 05-03
Understand how alcoholism and problem drinking compromise health.
Topic: 05-05 Scope of the
Problem
18.
Which of the following individuals would be MOST at risk for
developing alcoholism?
A.Shirley, whose identical twin, Fran, is an alcoholic
B. George, whose fraternal twin, Sam, is an alcoholic
C. Linda, whose adoptive mother, Gail, is an alcoholic
D. Adam,
whose father, Ben, is an alcoholic
E. Sheila, whose mother, Sally, is a problem drinker
Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: 3 Hard
Learning Objective: 05-03
Understand how alcoholism and problem drinking compromise health.
Topic: 05-07 Origins of
Alcoholism and Problem Drinking
19.
Individuals who experience _______________ are more likely to
become problem drinkers than those without these risk factors.
A.positive life events
B. chronic
stressors
C. enhanced social support
D. high achievement
E. high job autonomy
Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: 3 Hard
Learning Objective: 05-03
Understand how alcoholism and problem drinking compromise health.
Topic: 05-07 Origins of
Alcoholism and Problem Drinking
20.
Compared to persons with more long-term drinking problems,
people who become problem drinkers in late middle age are
A.less likely to control their drinking on their own.
B. less likely to be successfully treated.
C. more
likely to use problem drinking as a coping method for managing stress.
D. more likely to have a higher tolerance for alcohol.
E. more likely to develop lung cancer.
Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: 3 Hard
Learning Objective: 05-03
Understand how alcoholism and problem drinking compromise health.
Topic: 05-07 Origins of
Alcoholism and Problem Drinking
21.
Broad-spectrum cognitive-behavioural therapy of alcohol abuse
includes
A.increasing the reinforcement associated with alcohol.
B. teaching new behaviours consistent with alcohol abuse.
C. introducing reinforcement for activities that involve alcohol.
D. treating
the biological and environmental factors involved simultaneously.
E. medication only.
Blooms: Analyze
Difficulty: 3 Hard
Learning Objective: 05-03
Understand how alcoholism and problem drinking compromise health.
Topic: 05-08 Treatment of
Alcohol Abuse
22.
Naltrexone, a medication, is used to
A.modify the action of GABA, a neurotransmitter.
B. prevent alcoholics from drinking by causing the body to negatively
react to alcohol.
C. prevent
relapse among individuals experiencing alcohol use disorder.
D. give alcohol a foul taste.
E. trick the brain into thinking that it is consuming alcohol when mixed
with water.
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 3 Hard
Learning Objective: 05-03
Understand how alcoholism and problem drinking compromise health.
Topic: 05-08 Treatment of
Alcohol Abuse
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