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Sample Test
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Chapter_03_Birth_and_the_Newborn_Baby_In_the_New_World
True / False
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1. Transition occurs
at the end of the first stage of labor.
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2. An infant is born
in the third stage of childbirth.
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3. The strongest
predictor of whether a practitioner will choose to use episiotomy is the
condition of the mother and baby.
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4. General anesthesia
strengthens uterine contractions and increases the responsiveness of the
neonate shortly after birth
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5. With a pudenal
block, anesthesia is injected into the spinal cord, temporarily numbing the body
below the waist.
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6. The Lamaze method
has been shown to reduce fear and pain during childbirth.
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7. Oxygen deprivation
during delivery is associated with an increased incidence of childhood
schizophrenia.
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8. Preterm infants who
are cuddled, rocked, talked to, and sung to tend to do better than those
preterm infants who are left alone.
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9. When a baby is low
in birth weight, even though it is born at full term, it is referred to as
being small for gestational age.
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10. Postpartum
depression, a serious maternal depression following delivery, is
characterized by sadness, apathy, and feelings of worthlessness.
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11. Women who
experience postpartum depression can benefit from social support and
counseling.
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12. It is critical
that parents have contact with their infants in the first few hours after
birth if attachment is to occur.
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13. The Apgar scale
is a measure used to assess the health of the mother after she has given
birth.
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14. Newborns spend
about half their sleep time in REM sleep.
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15. Sudden infant
death syndrome refers to the death, while sleeping, of apparently healthy
babies who stop breathing.
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16. Which of the
following events occurs early in the last month of pregnancy?
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a.
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The settling of the fetus’s head in the pelvis
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b.
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The appearance of blood in vaginal secretions
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c.
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The secretion of the hormone oxytocin
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d.
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The discharge of placenta through the birth canal
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17. Which of the
following statements is true of the Braxton-Hicks contractions?
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a.
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They may be experienced as early as the sixth month
of pregnancy.
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b.
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They decrease in frequency as pregnancy
progresses.
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c.
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They stimulate the uterus and placenta to secrete prostaglandins.
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d.
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They dilate the cervix to allow the baby to pass
during delivery.
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18. Oxytocin, which
stimulates contractions powerful enough to expel the baby, is released from
the:
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a.
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cervix.
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b.
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pituitary gland.
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c.
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pineal gland.
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d.
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medulla.
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19. Which of the
following events signals the beginning of childbirth?
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a.
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The emergence of baby from the birth canal
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b.
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The rush of warm liquid from the vagina
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c.
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The movement of the fetus into the vagina
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d.
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The occurrence of regular uterine contractions
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20. Who among the
following women is in the first stage of labor?
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a.
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Nita, whose baby has been delivered and taken away
for vaccinations
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b.
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Agnes, whose uterine contractions occur every
fifteen minutes
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c.
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Julia, whose baby has appeared at the opening of
her vagina
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d.
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Miriam, whose umbilical cord has been clamped and
severed
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21. Which of the
following events occurs in the second stage of labor?
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a.
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The uterine contractions stretch the skin
surrounding the birth canal and propel the baby along.
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b.
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The placenta and uterus secrete prostaglandins
which stimulate uterine contractions.
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c.
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The placenta separates from the uterine wall and
is expelled through the birth canal.
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d.
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The blood vessels in the birth canal rupture
leading to the appearance of blood in vaginal secretions.
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22. Which of the
following is a disadvantage of performing an episiotomy?
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a.
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It reduces the responsiveness of the baby shortly
after birth.
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b.
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The incision may cause itching and discomfort as
it heals.
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c.
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It leads to the transmission of viruses that cause
genital herpes and AIDS.
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d.
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The incision may rupture during a subsequent
vaginal delivery.
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23. During labor,
mucus is suctioned from the baby’s mouth in order to:
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a.
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resuscitate the baby back to consciousness.
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b.
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increase the baby’s heartbeat.
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c.
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prevent any infection that might affect the baby.
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d.
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clear the passageway for breathing from any
obstructions.
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24. _____ refers to
the typical 9-month period from conception to childbirth.
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a.
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Preterm
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b.
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Postpartum period
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c.
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Term
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d.
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Critical period
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25. A newborn baby is
given a Vitamin K injection to:
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a.
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prevent bacterial infections.
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b.
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regulate its heart rate and pulse
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c.
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help its blood clot properly if it bleeds.
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d.
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prevent any involuntary bowel movement.
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26. A(n) _____ refers
to an infant from birth through the first four weeks of life.
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a.
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embryo
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b.
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fetus
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c.
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neonate
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d.
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toddler
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27. Maya is in labor
and decides to use a local anesthetic to manage her labor pain. Her
obstetrician injects an anesthetic into her vagina, and she loses the
sensation around that area. Which of the following uses of local anesthesia
is employed in this scenario?
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a.
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An epidural block
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b.
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A pudendal block
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c.
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A spinal block
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d.
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A femoral nerve block
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28. Which of the
following is a similarity between an epidural block and a spinal block
employed during delivery?
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a.
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Both temporarily numb the mother’s body below the
waist.
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b.
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Both produce depressing effects on infants that
last for a long time.
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c.
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Both use general anesthetics to achieve the
anesthetic effect.
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d.
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Both reduce the chances of infection during delivery.
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29. The use of the
Lamaze method during labor results in:
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a.
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the rupturing of previous surgical incisions on
the mother’s body.
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b.
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the reduced levels of labor pain and medication.
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c.
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the numbing of the mother’s body below the waist.
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d.
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the reduced responsiveness of the baby shortly
after birth.
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30. One of the reasons
for performing a cesarean section for delivery is to:
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a.
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avoid the use of an anesthesia.
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b.
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reduce the use of medication during labor.
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c.
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enable women to control the time of the delivery.
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d.
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prevent any involuntary bowel movement.
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31. Which of the
following terms refers to the absence of oxygen?
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a.
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Hypoxia
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b.
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Hypoxemia
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c.
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Toxemia
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d.
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Anoxia
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32. Prolonged cutoff
of the baby’s oxygen supply during delivery can cause:
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a.
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Turner syndrome
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b.
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autism
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c.
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Down syndrome
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d.
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cerebral palsy
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33. Which of the following
terms refers to buttocks-first childbirth?
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a.
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Premature birth
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b.
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Breech presentation
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c.
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Prepared childbirth
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d.
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Normal delivery
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34. During a breech
presentation, the prolonged constriction of the umbilical cord may occur as:
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a.
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the tiny air sacs in the baby’s lungs stick
together without expanding.
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b.
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the umbilical cord dries and falls off on its own.
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c.
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the baby’s body presses the umbilical cord against
the birth canal.
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d.
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the baby does not receive enough oxygen in utero to
develop properly.
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35. Which of the
following statements is true of small-for-gestational-age babies?
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a.
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They remain taller than their age-mates.
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b.
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They are more attentive as compared with their
age-mates.
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c.
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They show slight delays in learning as compared
with their age-mates.
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d.
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They tend to be heavier than their age-mates.
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36. Which of the
following disorders refers to the weak and irregular breathing that is
typical of preterm babies?
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a.
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Respiratory distress syndrome
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b.
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Down syndrome
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c.
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Turner syndrome
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d.
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Asperger’s syndrome
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37. In the context of
the relation between parents and preterm infants, which of the following
statements is true?
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a.
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The demands of preterm babies are lesser than
those of full-term babies.
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b.
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Most mothers of preterm babies report feeling
closer and attached to their babies.
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c.
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Fear of hurting preterm babies discourages parents
from handling them.
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d.
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Parents often treat preterm babies better than
they treat full-term babies.
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38. Which of the
following statements is true of the kangaroo care given to preterm infants?
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a.
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It stimulates infants and improves their physical
and mental health.
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b.
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It requires infants to be provided with a steady
supply of oxygen.
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c.
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It intensifies mothers’ feelings of incompetence
and guilt.
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d.
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It places infants in a temperature-controlled
environment.
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39. According to the
American Psychiatric Association, which of the following refers to the
periods of tearfulness, sadness, and irritability experienced by mothers
following delivery?
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a.
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Baby blues
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b.
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Postpartum psychosis
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c.
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Generalized anxiety
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d.
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Anorexia
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40. Which of the
following scenarios describes a mother suffering from postpartum depression?
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a.
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Kate feels that her room is full of poisonous
snakes trying to kill her child.
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b.
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Rebecca feels hopeless and insignificant after
delivering twins.
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c.
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Angelina feels that a stranger is instructing her
to kill her child.
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d.
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Meera feels that her infant daughter is possessed
by the devil.
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41. Which of the
following is a similarity between postpartum depression and postpartum
anxiety?
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a.
|
Both produce delusional thoughts about the infant
in the mothers’ mind.
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b.
|
Both are characterized by command hallucinations
that are dangerous to mothers and infants.
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c.
|
Both are caused by high levels of estrogen in the
mother’s body.
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d.
|
Both are characterized by an obsessive concern for
the well-being of infants.
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42. Postpartum
depression is caused due to:
|
|
a.
|
a sudden drop in estrogen levels.
|
|
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b.
|
a decrease in metabolism levels.
|
|
|
c.
|
the lack of bonding between parents and infants.
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d.
|
the use of anesthetics during delivery.
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43. Which of the
following is a symptom of postpartum psychosis in women?
|
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a.
|
Delusional thoughts about the infant
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|
|
b.
|
Reduced heart rate and blood pressure
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c.
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An increase in sexual arousal
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d.
|
An obsessive concern with the well-being of babies
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44. Mothers with
_____ experience command hallucinations.
|
|
a.
|
postpartum anxiety
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|
|
b.
|
postpartum psychosis
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c.
|
postpartum depression
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d.
|
postpartum blues
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45. Which of the following
statements is true of women who experience postpartum depression?
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a.
|
They profit from social support and counseling.
|
|
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b.
|
They experience command hallucinations.
|
|
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c.
|
They neglect their infant’s needs and
requirements.
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d.
|
They develop delusional thoughts about the infant.
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46. Which of the
following observations on parent-infant bonding was made in the controversial
research led by Klaus and Kennell?
|
|
a.
|
Extended parent–infant contact is required during
the first hours postpartum in order to foster bonding.
|
|
|
b.
|
Parent-infant bonding is a simple process
involving just the desire to have a child.
|
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c.
|
Serious maternal depression can delay bonding with
newborns.
|
|
|
d.
|
A history of rejection by parents can interfere
with women’s bonding with their own children.
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47. Which of the
following statements is true about the bonding between parents and their
newborn children?
|
|
a.
|
The postpartum depression experienced by mothers
delays the development of parent-infant bonding.
|
|
|
b.
|
The extended early contact between parents and
infants is crucial in the development of parent-infant bonding.
|
|
|
c.
|
The parents of many adopted children fail to
develop a deep bond with them.
|
|
|
d.
|
The parent-infant bonding is a simple process
which involves just the desire to have a child.
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48. Which of the
following is a measure of a newborn’s health that assesses appearance, pulse,
grimace, activity level, and respiratory effort?
|
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a.
|
The Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment scale
|
|
|
b.
|
The Wechsler scale
|
|
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c.
|
The Binet-Simon scale
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d.
|
The Apgar scale
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49. Which of the
following features of an infant is assessed using the Brazelton Neonatal
Behavioral Assessment Scale?
|
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a.
|
Adaptive behavior
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b.
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Activity level
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c.
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Muscle tone
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|
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d.
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Heart beat
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50. A(n) _____ is
defined as an unlearned, stereotypical response to a stimulus.
|
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a.
|
reflex
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|
b.
|
emotion
|
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c.
|
intuition
|
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d.
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mnemonic
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51. In the Apgar
scale, the criteria of grimace evaluates the _____ of infants.
|
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a.
|
muscle tone
|
|
|
b.
|
reflex irritability
|
|
|
c.
|
heart beat
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|
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d.
|
color
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|
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52. Which of the
following is true of infantile reflexes?
|
|
a.
|
They provide information about infants’ neural
functioning.
|
|
|
b.
|
They disappear within hours after birth.
|
|
|
c.
|
They are produced by infants’ complex thought processes.
|
|
|
d.
|
They are replaced by corresponding involuntary
actions.
|
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|
53. Which of the
following scenarios describes the rooting reflex?
|
|
a.
|
Jane curls her fingers around her mother’s fingers
placed on her palm.
|
|
|
b.
|
Abdul takes steps when his uncle holds him under
the arm.
|
|
|
c.
|
Nia turns her head to the left when her cousin
touches her left cheek.
|
|
|
d.
|
Ruby flings her arms and draws them back when she
is startled by the sound of a car horn.
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|
|
54. In which of the
following reflexes does the baby arch the back, fling out the arms and legs,
and draw them back to the chest in response to a sudden noise or change in
position?
|
|
a.
|
The rooting reflex
|
|
|
b.
|
The Moro reflex
|
|
|
c.
|
The grasping reflex
|
|
|
d.
|
The Babinski reflex
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|
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55. In the palmar
reflex, the child:
|
|
a.
|
turns the mouth and head toward a stimulus that
stokes the cheek or the corner of the mouth.
|
|
|
b.
|
fans the toes when the soles of the feet are stroked.
|
|
|
c.
|
grasps objects that are kept on his or her palms.
|
|
|
d.
|
takes steps when held under the arms and leans
forward so that the feet press the ground.
|
|
|
56. Which of the
following statements is true of the palmar reflex observed in infants?
|
|
a.
|
It is replaced by voluntary grasping within five
to six months of age.
|
|
|
b.
|
It facilitates finding the mother’s nipple in
preparation for sucking.
|
|
|
c.
|
It begins three months after the birth of the
baby.
|
|
|
d.
|
It can be elicited by loud noises and sudden
movements.
|
|
|
57. Which of the
following is a similarity between the rooting reflex and the grasping reflex
observed in infants?
|
|
a.
|
Both can be elicited by loud noises, bumping the
baby’s crib or jerking the baby’s blanket.
|
|
|
b.
|
Both are replaced by corresponding voluntary
actions as the infant grows up.
|
|
|
c.
|
Both facilitate finding the mother’s nipple in
preparation for sucking.
|
|
|
d.
|
Both require infants to use only four fingers to respond
to the stimuli.
|
|
|
58. Which of the
following visual capabilities do neonates lack?
|
|
a.
|
The ability to track movement
|
|
|
b.
|
The ability to see objects that are about five
inches from their eyes
|
|
|
c.
|
The ability to adjust the lens to focus on objects
|
|
|
d.
|
The ability to respond actively to visual stimuli
|
|
|
59. _____ solutions
have a calming effect on neonates.
|
|
a.
|
Sweet
|
|
|
b.
|
Bitter
|
|
|
c.
|
Salty
|
|
|
d.
|
Sour
|
|
|
60. In which of the
following methods of learning are neonates’ involuntary responses conditioned
to new stimuli?
|
|
a.
|
Classical conditioning
|
|
|
b.
|
Social learning
|
|
|
c.
|
Observational learning
|
|
|
d.
|
Operant conditioning
|
|
|
61. Which of the
following statements is true of infant sleep patterns?
|
|
a.
|
They are characterized by stretches of sleep
lasting up to seven hours.
|
|
|
b.
|
They are similar to the sleep patterns in adults.
|
|
|
c.
|
They are uniform in infants across the world.
|
|
|
d.
|
They are inconsistent and change as the child
ages.
|
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