Globalization Prospects And Problems 1st Edition By JoAnn A. Chirico -Test Bank
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Sample
Test
Chapter
03
Multiple
Choice
1. A
community is
2. people
who live in the same town
3. people
who share a common identity
4. a
region smaller than a state
5. a
town or township
A
2. The
beginnings of the nation state system of global governance arose from
3. The
Treaty Of Westphalia
4. English
Common law
5. The
fall of the Roman Empire
6. World
War I
A
3. The
17th and 18th Century ideas
concerning “natural rights” came from the philosopher
4. Patrick
henry
5. Aristotle
6. John
Locke
7. Benjamin
Franklin
C
4. Nationalism
as a component of global culture is the belief that
5. The
nation is a group of people with a common identity
6. your
nation is superior to others regardless of other factors
7. Cultural
purity is a national right
8. Immigration
should be resisted
A
5. One
of the earliest and most extensive trading routes was
6. The
Silk Road
7. The
Northwest Passage
8. The
Panama Canal
9. The
Suez Canal
A
6. Sovereignty
as a component of global culture is the belief that
7. Nations
have the right to self-rule
8. your
nation is superior to others
9. Cultural
purity is a national right
10. Immigration
should be resisted
A
7. Colonization
is a system of ____
8. Political
and economic domination
9. Aiding
less developed countries
10. Development
and advancement
11. Providing
the rights of statehood
A
8. The
most recent phase of nation building followed
9. World
War I
10. The
dissolution of the Soviet Union and Yugoslavia
11. The
end of colonialism
12. The
French and American revolutions
B
9. During
the Cold War, many former colonial countries were held together by
10. Military
rule and foreign support
11. Shared
national identity
12. Values
such as freedom and democracy
13. Sense
of loyalty and belonging to the country
A
10. The
UN Declaration of Human Rights advanced political globalization by
11. Articulating
norms for national constitutions
12. Establishing
a single world government
13. Ending
WWII
14. Ending
colonization
A
11. The
colonial powers acquired colonies in African and Asia by
12. Treaties
with the native groups that occupied the territories that they wanted
13. Drawing
boundaries around a territory and claiming it
14. Fighting
other colonial powers for it
15. Moving
the native peoples out of their lands
B
12. Becoming
a “state” on the global stage, with all the rights and responsibilities thereof
depends on
13. recognition
by other states
14. seizing
control of the government
15. declaring
independence
16. establishing
a democracy
A
13. Countries
that had access to which source of trade fared better when it came to economic
growth before the Industrial Revolution?
14. Atlantic
15. Pacific
16. Mediterranean
17. Indian
A
14. Before
the industrial revolution, countries that achieved the greatest prosperity had
a monarch who
15. Kept
tight control over overseas trade
16. Exercised
less control over overseas trade
17. Did
not allow overseas trade
18. Focused
on production for domestic markets
B
15. Commercialism
allowed merchants to accumulate wealth through
16. Agriculture
17.
18. Production
19. Consumption
B
16. As
merchant wealth increased, wealth associated with ____ decreased.
17. Trade
18. Land
19. resources
20. gold
B
17. The
first opportunity for societies to accumulate vast wealth, creating significant
global inequality came with
18. Mercantile
capitalism
19. Agricultural
holdings
20. The
industrial revolution
21. The
computer revolution
C
18. After
World War II, former colonies were able to
a. Prosper
because of alliances formed in the Cold War
b. Take
advantage of the second wave of economic opportunity
c. Establish
stable governments
d. Develop
a wealthy elite class
D
19. Among
the characteristics of a state _____
20. The exclusive
right to use violence within its borders
21. A
guarantee of human rights for citizens and non-citizens
22. A
democratically elected ruler with a specific term of office
23. The
right to impose a religion on people within its borders
A
20. Among
the characteristics of a state that is now being challenged by globalization is
___
21. Sovereignty
in all matters
22. The
right to enter into agreements on behalf of its people
23. A
democratically elected ruler with a specific term of office
24. An
independent judiciary
A
21. Colonies
of North and South America were different than those of Africa and Asia because
22. They
were richer to begin with
23. They
forced the native populations off of the land
24. They
had many more natural resources
25. They
were primarily settler colonies
D
22. Colonialism
established systems of
23. Education
for natives of the colonies
24. Extreme
political and economic inequality
25. Government
such as legislative and judiciaries
26. Constitutional
governments
B
22. Colonial
powers were able to maintain dominance in the colonies of Africa and Asia by
23. heavily
arming and enriching a small elite group of native peoples
24. winning
the trust of native peoples
25. allowing
most people in the colonies to prosper
26. helping
them to extract resources
A
23. The
“Cold War” was called “cold” because
a. It
was only fought in colder climates
b. There
was no direct warfare between the USSR and USA
c. There
were very few “hot” spots where war actually broke out
d. Few
lives were lost
B
24. The
UN Declaration of Human Rights or the Bill of Rights of the US Constitution
a. Define
the rights of governments
b. Lay
out the structures of government
c. Limit
the roles of citizens
d. Limit
the powers of government
D
25. Among
the most common rights found in constitutions are
a. Popular
right to elect the president or supreme ruler of the country
b. Rights
to social benefits such as education and health care
c. Rights
of speech, assembly, and belief
d. Rights
to work and join unions
C
26. After
WWII, allied leaders recognized that
a. Global
political stability depended on global economic stability
b. Avoiding
further world warfare depended on the USA and USSR getting along
c. Colonialism
had to end immediately
d. The
world needed to be unified under one world government, the UN
A
27. During
the Cold War, the United States
a. Only
supported democratically elected governments
b. Would
support any government that treated its citizens fairly
c. Worked
to restore and support human rights globally
d. Supported
many cruel dictators that allied with them
D
True
False
1. When
setting up colonial borders, colonial powers were careful to create borders
that corresponded with ethnic group boundaries.
2. true
3. false
B
2. After
independence, the Cold War was able to correct the harms done by colonialism
1. True
2. False
B
3. Nation-states
have always existed as the predominant form of government.
4. True
5. False
B
4. The
League of Nations was a very successful step in global governance.
5. True
6. False
B
5. UN
Declarations have the binding force of law.
6. True
7. False
B
6. All
countries agree and accept terms of the Law of the Seas, preventing any disputes.
7. True
8. False
B
7. Disputes
over ownership of the resources off the shores of countries led to the Law of
the Seas.
8. True
9. False
A
8. Augusto
Cesar Sandino was a Nicaraguan revolutionary hero of the 1960s
9. True
10. False
B
9. During
the height of the Silk Road era Eastern societies were more technologically
advanced that Western.
10. True
11. False
A
10. Much
of South America and the south of North America developed similar systems of
inequality based on large plantations.
11. True
12. False
A
Essay
1. Explain
the principles were established by the Treaty of Westphalia that apply to the
system of nation states today.
2. How
did colonialism lay a foundation for political and economic globalization?
3. How
did the Cold War impact political and economic globalization?
4. Explain
how nation building is a form of political globalization.
5. What
were the reasons for the ultimate failure of the League of Nations?
6. How
did the Cold War shape the global political system?
Chirico,Globalization_tb04
Multiple
Choice
1. Bretton
Woods is referred to as an economic regime because
2. it
laid out a comprehensive monetary policy plan for global stability
3. it
established a single global authority for monetary policy
4. it
was backed by the United Nations
5. it
involved international organizations
A
2. Toward
the end of WWII, world leaders recognized that global political stability
depended on
3. economic
prosperity of all nations
4. having
a single world leader or hegemon
5. spreading
democracy across the world
6. spreading
capitalism across the world
A
3. A
primary purpose of the International Monetary Fund is to promote macroeconomic
stability through measures such as
4. encouraging
or financing stimulus spending
5. Currency
exchange agreements
6. Standards
for reserves in gold and currency
7. All
of the above
D
4. A
major reason countries were required to keep currency and gold reserves was to
ensure
5. That
societies were saving more than they spent
6. That
a country could stabilize its currency as needed
7. That
countries could loan to others when they needed loans
8. They
kept all of their reserves in dollars
B
5. A
policy that the central bank of a country might use to stimulate the economy is
to
6. Raise
taxes
7. Decrease
social security, unemployment and other payments
8. Cut
back on planned government projects
9. Decrease
interest rates on borrowing
D
6. One
of the plans for countries to rebuild their economics following WWII was import
substitution, this was to help countries
7. Find
imports that were cheaper than the ones they were currently buying
8. Build
their domestic industries
9. Finance
their central banks
10. Contribute
to increasing world trade
B
7. One
of the problems facing developing countries following independence was
8. Elite
power and rule
9. Corruption
in government
10. Underdeveloped
educational and other infrastructure
11. All
of the above
D
8. A
role of the International Monetary Fund is to
9. Manage
the finances of the United Nations
10. Manage
the finances of the World Bank
11. Help
countries negotiate trade agreements
12. Help
countries stimulate demand and coordinate aid activities
D
9. As
part of the Bretton Woods agreements, countries agreed to
10. Manage
their currency within a range determined by its value in relation to the US
dollar
11. Enact
fair trade policies
12. Maintain
a reserve
13. All
of the above
A
10. Bretton
Woods was the world’s first real attempt to
11. Establish
a global political authority
12. Establish
ways to stabilize the global economy
13. Bring
peace through negotiations
14. End
World War II
B
11. Industries
agglomerate where they think they will find
12. Competitive
advantage
13. Lowest
taxes
14. Raw materials
15. Cheap
labor
A
12. When
multinationals open production facilities in developed nations they are usually
seeking
13. Cheaper
labor
14. Less
stringent environmental laws
15. New
markets
16. Raw
materials
C
13. Bretton
Woods economic policies encouraged specific measures governments could take to
stimulate domestic economies these include
14. Increase
spending by governments
15. Lower
interest rates to increase demand
16. Lowering
taxes
17. All
of the above
D
14. Crony
capitalism is
15. A
form of modern capitalism
16. Handing
out contracts and jobs to friends, relatives and political allies
17. Encouraged
by the World Bank
18. A way
of ensuring job creation
B
15. Import
substitution is a strategy of
16. Producing
for domestic markets
17. Importing
goods rather than producing them domestically
18. Relying
on trade to balance supply and demand
19. Building
a money supply through trade
A
16. Neo
liberal economic policy relies heavily on
17. Government
to manage economic stability
18. Freedom
of the market
19. Import
substitution
20. The
IMF for macroeconomic stability
B
17. One
of the conditions of acquiring loans imposed by the IMF and World Bank was
18. privatization
of many industries and infrastructure development
19. Government
take-over of key industries such as oil and gas
20. Rigid
trade barriers to protect domestic markets
21. More regulation
over the markets
A
18. One
of the problems facing developing countries following independence was
19. Elite
power and rule
20. Corruption
in government
21. Underdeveloped
educational and other infrastructure
22. All
of the above
D
19. If
corporations pay cheaper wages in other countries it may force
a. Wages
in their home country down
b. Them
to end up having greater overall cost due to shipping goods back home
c. Them
to abide by stricter environmental laws
d. Higher
taxes at home
A
20. Macroeconomic
stability involves
1. encouraging
or financing stimulus spending
2. trying
to control currency fluctuations and exchanges
3. Standards
for reserves in gold and currency
4. All
of the above
A
21. Which
is NOT a way that governments can stimulate demand?
22. lowering
interest rates
23. shutting
down production
24. lowering
taxes
25. spending
money on public projects
B
22. The
strategy of import substitution is supposed to help a society develop through
_____
23. increasing
people’s wages
24. building
up domestic industries to sell to the domestic market
25. moving
people from primary industry into manufacturing
26. all
of the above
A
23. Primary
industry refers to _____
24. services
that are of primary importance in an economy
25. manufacturing
26. extracting
resources such as in mining, logging, fishing and farming
27. the
earliest industries to develop in a society
C
24. Secondary
industry refers to ______
25. services
that are of primary importance in an economy
26. manufacturing
27. extracting
resources such as in mining, logging, fishing and farming
28. the
earliest industries to develop in a society
B
25. The
countries with the largest percentages of their GNP from primary industry are
____
26. Among
the poorest societies
27. Among
the middle class societies
28. Among
the richest societies
29. Found
equally among poor, middle, and high income countries
A
26. Service
industry jobs are ____
27. Primarily
high income jobs that require high educations
28. Primarily
low income jobs that require low levels of education
29. Both
high and low income jobs
30. Jobs
that are easily shipped overseas
C
27. In
the United States, among the 20 fastest growing occupations, more jobs will be
created that are
28. Below
middle class income than above
29. Are
above middle class income than below
30. Equally
divided among high paying and low paying jobs
31. None
of the above
A
28. One
of the primary roles of the International Monetary Fund is to
29. help
countries stimulate demand through loans
30. employing
people from developing countries
31. decreasing
taxes in low income countries when they need more money
32. all
of the above
A
29. A
method of trade liberalization is
30. eliminating
tariffs
31. eliminating
quotas
32. eliminating
subsidies
33. all
of the above
D
30. A
weakness of developing countries in trade negotiations is ___
31. having
nothing to trade
32. strong
financial regulatory systems
33. lack
of “know-how” to negotiate trade agreements
34. low
cost production
C
31. Neo
liberal economic policy relies heavily on
32. Government
to manage economic stability
33. Freedom
of the market
34. Import
substitution
35. The
IMF for macroeconomic stability
B
32. When
they adopted the “Washington Consensus” or neo-liberal policies one the
conditions of acquiring loans imposed by the IMF and World Bank was
33. Privatizing
(turning over to private enterprise) many industries that were run by
government
34. Government
take-over of key industries such as oil and gas
35. Rigid
trade barriers to protect domestic markets
36. more
regulations to control the flow of money and trade
A
33. Among
the primary reasons that US corporations move their manufacturing abroad is
34. More
stringent environmental laws
35. Cheaper
labor
36. Better
educated workforces
37. More
land for development
B
34. Off
shoring refers to
35. hiring
another company to do some production processes
36. sending
work to another country
37. sending
work to another firm in another country
38. hiring
temporary employees from another country
B
35. The
job that a company is least likely to be shipped overseas is
36. accounting
37. information
technology
38. personal
care or health care aide
39. manufacturing
C
36. The
housing bubble was in part caused by
37. mortgage
instruments that made it easier for people to buy houses
38. tax
policies, like loan interest deductions, that made buying a house cheaper
39. the
belief that housing prices would only go up and never decrease
40. all
of the above
D
37. One
of the ways that the housing bubble led to the financial crisis was
38. credit
among banks and companies froze
39. companies
could not borrow money to make purchases or meet payrolls
40. bad
loans were packaged with good ones and sold as mortgage derivatives and
securities
41. all
of the above
D
38. The
major strategy to solve the global economic crisis that nations agreed during
the G20 meetings was for governments to
39. institute
stimulus measures
40. cut
back on spending drastically
41. reduce
payments to the IMF
42. raise
interest rates to discourage spending
A
True
False
1. The
Soviet Union participated in Bretton Woods discussions.
2. True
3. False
A
2. A
primary purpose of the World Bank is to help countries escape from poverty.
3. True
4. False
A
3. Bretton
Woods institutions have been dissolved.
4. True
5. False
4. Countries
that were colonies were able to take advantage of the Industrial Revolution to
pull themselves out of poverty.
5. True
6. False
5. The
World Social Forum is an annual meeting of the economic and political leaders
of the world.
6. True
7. False
6. Neo-liberalism
became the dominant economic policy of the World Bank and IMF during the
administrations of Ronald Reagan and Margaret Thatcher.
7. True
8. False
7. One
of the reasons many former colonies failed to develop and prosper was
corruption
8. True
9. False
8. Tariffs
are a strategy to increase the price of imported goods.
9. True
10. False
9. At
the end of 2011 many countries in the euro zone, Japan, and the United States
were in debt.
10. True
11. False
10. After
stimulating their economies for a brief while following the crisis of 2008,
many European countries reinstituted austerity measures.
11. True
12. False
Essay
1. Discuss
several of the ways of measuring economic globalization. Which makes the best
definition?
2. What
mechanisms does the International Monetary Fund (IMF) have to facilitate
economic stability?
3. Explain
the changes in tax law and mortgage instruments that contributed to the housing
bubble in the United States.
4. Explain
the different strategies that comprise austerity as opposed to stimulus
measures to help a country out of a threatening recession.
5. How
might countries, both host and guest, benefit from foreign direct investment?
6. What
measures might be taken to decrease inequality among nations?
7. Describe
measures that have been advocated to decrease inequality within nations.
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