Global Business Today 7th Edition By Charles W. L. Hill – Test Bank

 

 

To Purchase this Complete Test Bank with Answers Click the link Below

 

https://tbzuiqe.com/product/global-business-today-7th-edition-by-charles-w-l-hill-test-bank/

 

If face any problem or Further information contact us At tbzuiqe@gmail.com

 

 

Sample Test

Chapter 03

Differences in Culture

 

True / False Questions

1.    Generally, folkways are actions of little moral significance.
True    False

 

2.    Most nation-states are characterized by a single, homogenous culture.
True    False

 

3.    There are cultures that embrace several nations.
True    False

 

4.    Indian society is characterized by a low degree of social stratification and high mobility between strata.
True    False

 

5.    In all societies, individual attributes and achievements are viewed as being more important than group membership.
True    False

 

6.    In most Western societies, the social standing of individuals is not so much a function of whom they work for as of their individual performance in whatever work setting they choose.
True    False

 

7.    Individualism finds expression in a high degree of managerial mobility between companies, and this is not always a good thing.
True    False

 

 

8.    The emphasis on individualism facilitates team building within an organization.
True    False

 

9.    The primacy of the value of group identification encourages managers and workers to move from company to company.
True    False

 

10.  Strong identification with the group creates pressures for mutual self-help.
True    False

 

11.  Primacy of the group is criticized for being incompatible with ideas of dynamism and entrepreneurship.
True    False

 

12.  Individuals born into a stratum toward the top of the social hierarchy tend to have worse life chances than those born into a stratum toward the bottom of the hierarchy.
True    False

 

13.  Social mobility refers to the extent to which individuals can move from one country to another.
True    False

 

14.  A caste system offers the biggest impediment to social mobility in a society.
True    False

 

 

15.  A class system is closed system of stratification in which social position is determined by the family into which a person is born, and change in that position is usually not possible during an individual’s lifetime.
True    False

 

16.  In a class society, individuals born into a class at the top of the hierarchy can slip down.
True    False

 

17.  In countries with rigid class systems, the relative lack of class mobility and the differences between classes result in a gradual extinction of class consciousness.
True    False

 

18.  Class-based divisions between upper-class management and labor classes are instrumental in driving down production costs in countries characterized by significant class divisions.
True    False

 

19.  Ethical systems are exclusively grounded in the principles of religion.
True    False

 

20.  Scholars are divided in their assessment of the relationship between religious and ethical systems and business practice in a society.
True    False

 

21.  Islam is the most widely practiced religion in the world.
True    False

 

 

22.  As theorized by sociologist, Max Weber, Protestant ethics find close resonance with “the spirit of capitalism.”
True    False

 

23.  The emphasis on individual religious freedom in Catholicism may have paved the way for the subsequent development of individualism as an economic and political philosophy.
True    False

 

24.  Islam has roots in both Judaism and Christianity.
True    False

 

25.  Koran, the holy book of Islam, disapproves of free enterprise and engaging in profitable trade and commerce.
True    False

 

26.  Many Islamic banks are prohibited from paying or charging interest by law.
True    False

 

27.  Max Weber argued that the ascetic principles embedded in Hinduism encourage the kind of entrepreneurial activity in pursuit of wealth creation that we find in Protestantism.
True    False

 

28.  India boasts of a rapidly growing economy, in spite of the values of asceticism preached by Hinduism.
True    False

 

29.  According to Buddhism, suffering arises from people’s desires for material pleasures.
True    False

 

 

30.  Confucianism is considered by the Chinese as the most credible authority on the concept of the supernatural and afterlife.
True    False

 

31.  Chinese is the most widely spoken language in the world.
True    False

 

32.  The general education level of a country is a good index of the type of promotional material that should be used there.
True    False

 

33.  According to Hofstede, high power distance cultures were found in countries that let inequalities grow over time into inequalities of power and wealth.
True    False

 

34.  Hofstede’s findings about cultural dimensions have consistently defied standard Western stereotypes about cultural differences.
True    False

 

35.  According to the World Values Survey, as countries get richer, a shift occurs toward “traditional values” and away from “secular rational” values.
True    False

 

 

 

Multiple Choice Questions

36.  _____ means an understanding of how cultural differences across and within nations can affect the way business is practiced.
A. Ethnocentricity
B. Cross-cultural literacy
C. Pan-culture integration
D. Acculturation

 

37.  Culture is:
A. a system of values and norms.
B. the same as religion.
C. a code of conduct to achieve spiritual enlightenment.
D. a system of codifying one’s spiritual and religious beliefs.

 

38.  In a social context, the term “values” is used to mean:
A. the economic benefits that are inherent to a culture.
B. the collective wealth of the society.
C. the abstract ideas about what a group believes to be good, right, and desirable.
D. the political ascendancy of a country.

 

39.  In a society, actions of people directed toward one another are governed by a set of social rules called:
A. norms.
B. manifestoes.
C. structures.
D. scriptures.

 

40.  Norms are classified into _____ and _____.
A. rules; restrictions
B. folkways; mores
C. responsibilities; rights
D. values; scriptures

 

 

41.  The appropriate dress code in a particular situation, good social manners, eating with the correct utensils, neighborly behavior, and the like, are all guided by the _____ in a society.
A. folkways
B. modes
C. mores
D. fellowship

 

42.  What is the difference between folkways and mores?
A. Folkways are norms that are seen as central to the functioning of a society.
B. Violating mores can bring serious retribution.
C. Mores include rituals and symbolic behavior.
D. Folkways have much greater significance than mores.

 

43.  The different ways in which time is valued in different cultures is an example of the _____ in individual cultures.
A. folkways
B. modes
C. mores
D. laws

 

44.  _____ include rituals and symbolic behavior.
A. Folkways
B. Modes
C. Mores
D. Fellowship

 

45.  Mores are defined as:
A. routine conventions of everyday life.
B. a set of greeting customs to be followed in different social contexts.
C. abstract ideas regarding one’s personal conduct in a business setting.
D. norms that are seen as central to the functioning of a society and to its social life.

 

 

46.  Indictments against theft, incest, and cannibalism are examples of how violating _____ can bring about serious retribution.
A. structures
B. mores
C. folkways
D. etiquette

 

47.  The relationship between culture and country is often:
A. congruent.
B. homogeneous.
C. ambiguous.
D. similar.

 

48.  Two dimensions of social structure are particularly important when explaining differences between cultures. The first is the degree to which the basic unit of social organization is the individual, as opposed to the group and the second is:
A. the standard of living and the per capita income.
B. the dominant religion and language spoken.
C. importance of family versus work.
D. the degree to which the society is stratified into classes or castes.

 

49.  A _____ is an association of two or more individuals who have a shared sense of identity and who interact with each other in structured ways on the basis of a common set of expectations about each other’s behavior.
A. crowd
B. conference
C. group
D. colony

 

50.  A society’s _____ refers to its basic social organization.
A. social structure
B. social bureaucracy
C. social scripture
D. social stricture

 

 

51.  In many Western societies, the _____ is the basic building block of social organization.
A. family
B. community
C. peer group
D. individual

 

52.  In the American society, the emphasis on individual performance leads to an admiration of _____ and _____.
A. team spirit; conformity
B. individualism; entrepreneurship
C. self-effacement; networking skills
D. humility; flexibility

 

53.  One of the downsides to the emphasis on individualism is that:
A. it is difficult to build teams within an organization to perform collective tasks.
B. it fosters negative traits such as complacence and laxity among individuals.
C. it discourages managerial mobility.
D. it discourages dynamism and entrepreneurship.

 

54.  When primacy of the group over the individual is stressed, cooperation is driven by the need to:
A. increase productivity and efficiency of the individual.
B. be exposed to different ways of doing business.
C. improve the performance of the organization.
D. ensure a high degree of managerial mobility between companies.

 

55.  Identification with the group an individual belongs to helps:
A. encourage the pursuit of better career opportunities and better offers.
B. acclimatize managers to different ways of doing business.
C. foster dynamism and entrepreneurship.
D. discourage employees from moving from company to company.

 

 

56.  Identify a possible downside to the primacy of the group in a society?
A. It encourages managerial mobility between companies.
B. It could lead to a lack of dynamism and entrepreneurship.
C. It hampers team building and cooperation.
D. It causes an erosion of employee loyalty.

 

57.  Hierarchical social categories, often based on family background, occupation, and income, are referred to as:
A. social modes.
B. social statutes.
C. social strata.
D. social groups.

 

58.  Although all societies are stratified to some degree, they differ in two related ways. First, they differ from each other with regard to the degree of mobility between social strata; second, they differ with regard to:
A. the significance attached to social strata in business contexts.
B. the distinctions of caste and class in the society.
C. the terminology used to identify the different strata.
D. the number of strata in a particular society.

 

59.  A _____ system is a closed system of stratification in which social position is determined by the family into which a person is born, and change in that position is usually not possible during an individual’s lifetime.
A. caste
B. merit
C. class
D. classless

 

60.  A caste system differs from a class system in:
A. the degree to which an individual is the basic unit of social organization.
B. the degree of mobility between social strata.
C. the rituals and symbolic behavior practiced in both.
D. the degree of separation between the highest and the lowest income strata.

 

 

61.  Although the number of societies with caste systems diminished rapidly during the twentieth century, one partial example still remains in:
A. Japan.
B. China.
C. India.
D. Britain.

 

62.  In a country called Dystopia, the citizens are barred from moving out of the strata they are born into. Individuals are also allowed to engage only in the occupation associated with their particular strata. The system of social stratification being practiced in Dystopia can be identified as a:
A. classless system.
B. caste system.
C. merit-based system.
D. class system.

 

63.  A _____ system is a less rigid form of social stratification in which social mobility is possible.
A. class
B. caste
C. rank
D. grade

 

64.  The class system in the United States is less pronounced than in Britain because:
A. class membership is determined to a much greater degree by background and schooling in the United States.
B. only money begets money in the United States.
C. individuals can move smoothly from the working class to the upper class in a lifetime in the United States.
D. upward mobility could not normally be achieved in one generation in the United States.

 

 

65.  _____ refers to a condition where people tend to perceive themselves in terms of their class background, and this shapes their relationships with members of other classes.
A. Social mindedness
B. Class consciousness
C. Class literacy
D. Social consciousness

 

66.  What could be a negative impact of heightened class consciousness in a society?
A. Increased mobility between occupations
B. A reduction in industrial disputes and low levels of industrial disruption
C. Most of the population perceives itself to be middle class
D. An antagonistic relationship between management and labor classes

 

67.  _____ is defined as a system of shared beliefs and rituals that are concerned with the realm of the sacred.
A. Culture
B. Caste
C. Philosophy
D. Religion

 

68.  Ethical systems refer to a set of moral principles, or values, that are used to guide and shape _____.
A. religion
B. behavior
C. scriptures
D. theologies

 

69.  Most of the world’s ethical systems are the product of:
A. religions.
B. legal systems.
C. economic heritage.
D. sciences.

 

 

70.  The four most dominant religions in terms of number of adherents in the world today are:
A. Christianity, Islam, Hinduism, and Buddhism.
B. Islam, Christianity, Judaism, and Hinduism.
C. Christianity, Confucianism, Islam, and Hinduism.
D. Islam, Christianity, Buddhism, and Judaism.

 

71.  Which German sociologist made a connection between Protestant ethics and “the spirit of capitalism” in 1904?
A. Hugo Münsterberg
B. Alfred Schmidt
C. Max Weber
D. Abraham Maslow

 

72.  According to Max Weber, the Protestant ethics that emphasize _____ facilitated the development of capitalism.
A. salvation in the next world, rather than this world
B. worldly gain and temporal power are as illusions
C. the spiritual progression of each person’s soul
D. hard work, wealth creation, and frugality

 

73.  The right to _____ was central to the nonconformist nature of early Protestantism.
A. freedom of form of worship
B. education
C. choice of occupation
D. free enterprise

 

74.  Islam has roots in both Judaism and _____.
A. Buddhism
B. Hinduism
C. Christianity
D. Confucianism

 

 

75.  The rise of Islamic fundamentalism is, in part, a response to:
A. the denial of equal rights for women.
B. the move of traditional Islamic societies toward modernization.
C. the narrowing gap between the rich and the poor.
D. the increasing standard of living in Islamic societies.

 

76.  In the Islamic view of the world, humans are part of a collective in which:
A. the wealthy must lend money to the disadvantaged for a set interest rate.
B. the wealthy and successful have obligations to help the disadvantaged.
C. free-enterprise and trade and commerce for profit are forbidden.
D. only the wealthy and successful can own property.

 

77.  Muslim countries are likely to be receptive to international businesses as long as those businesses:
A. conform to Islamic ethics.
B. do not hold affiliations with supranational organizations like the WTO or IMF.
C. conform to guidelines laid down in international trade agreements like the GATT.
D. share a part of their profits with the economically disadvantaged in those countries.

 

78.  How does the operation of a conventional bank differ from that of an Islamic bank?
A. Islamic banks are allowed to charge higher interest rates on loans.
B. Islamic banks cannot accept private deposits.
C. Islamic banks cannot pay or charge interest.
D. Islamic banks are not subject to any form of law.

 

79.  “Mudarabah” and the “murabaha” are:
A. Islamic banking methods.
B. Arabic words for interest and usury, respectively.
C. banking practices that are prohibited by Islam.
D. laws governing Islamic banks.

 

 

80.  _____ is the world’s oldest major religion.
A. Judaism
B. Hinduism
C. Christianity
D. Islam

 

81.  Which of the following religions does not owe its founding to any one individual?
A. Buddhism
B. Hinduism
C. Christianity
D. Islam

 

82.  “Dharma,” “karma,” and “nirvana” are terms related to:
A. Confucianism.
B. Hinduism.
C. Christianity.
D. Islam.

 

83.  By perfecting the soul in each new life, Hindus believe that an individual can eventually achieve _____, a state of complete spiritual perfection.
A. nirvana
B. karma
C. dharma
D. reincarnation

 

84.  Hinduism is of the belief that the way to achieve spiritual perfection is:
A. devoting life to a spiritual rather than material quest.
B. by immersing oneself in the production of wealth to be used to aid the poor.
C. through hard work, wealth creation, and frugality.
D. by earning legitimate profit through trade and commerce.

 

 

85.  Max Weber argued that the ascetic principles embedded in _____ do not encourage the kind of entrepreneurial activity in pursuit of wealth creation that we find in Protestantism.
A. Islam
B. Hinduism
C. Confucianism
D. Buddhism

 

86.  Hindus see mobility between castes as something that is achieved through:
A. appropriate schooling and occupation.
B. individual economic achievement over the course of one’s lifetime.
C. spiritual progression and reincarnation.
D. hard work and gradual upward mobility over generations.

 

87.  Siddhartha Gautama, the founder of Buddhism, came to be known as the Buddha which means:
A. “the leader.”
B. “the awakened one.”
C. “son of God.”
D. “the chosen one.”

 

88.  What is the common aspect of the teachings of Hinduism and Buddhism?
A. Both stress the afterlife and spiritual achievement rather than material progress.
B. Both support the existence of caste system.
C. Both advocate the same kind of extreme ascetic behavior.
D. Both propagate the Noble Eightfold Path as a route for transformation.

 

89.  For more than 2,000 years until the 1949 Communist revolution, _____, which teaches the importance of attaining personal salvation through right action, was the official ethical system of China.
A. Maoism
B. Feng Shui
C. Confucianism
D. Shinto

 

 

90.  Which of the following is not a religion?
A. Buddhism
B. Christianity
C. Hinduism
D. Confucianism

 

91.  Which of the following systems of ethics holds the values of loyalty, reciprocal obligations, and honesty in dealings with others as central to its ideology?
A. Buddhism
B. Christianity
C. Hinduism
D. Confucianism

 

92.  _____ is not concerned with the supernatural and has little to say about the concept of a supreme being or an afterlife.
A. Buddhism
B. Christianity
C. Hinduism
D. Confucianism

 

93.  Some scholars maintain that the influence of _____ ethics on the culture of China, Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan may help explain their economic success.
A. Buddhist
B. Jewish
C. Confucian
D. Hindu

 

94.  In _____ thought, loyalty to one’s superiors is regarded as a sacred duty—an absolute obligation.
A. Confucian
B. Buddhist
C. Protestant
D. Hindu

 

 

95.  In a Confucian culture, loyalty to one’s superiors should:
A. be absolute and blind in nature.
B. be reciprocated by their superiors bestowing blessings.
C. be free of expectations of reward and personal gain.
D. lead to attainment of heaven.

 

96.  Identify the Confucian ethic central to the Chinese concept of “guanxi.”
A. Holding all possessions in trust for God
B. Renunciation of the material world
C. Devoting life to a spiritual quest
D. Reciprocal obligations

 

97.  In a business setting, the Chinese concept of “guanxi” can be taken to mean _____.
A. connections
B. expertise
C. honesty
D. truth

 

98.  How does the Confucian concept of honesty help bring down the costs of doing business?
A. Confucian cultures have legal provisions to impose sanctions on businesses which are known to break contracts.
B. Companies in Confucian cultures trust each other to do business honestly and do not need expensive lawyers to resolve disputes.
C. Confucian culture dictates that one should not make exorbitant profits while doing business.
D. The prevailing Communist ideology in Confucian cultures necessitates that companies are obligated to honor contracts, driving down costs of doing business.

 

99.  Which of the following conflicts is inspired mainly by language differences?
A. The Kashmiri separatist movement
B. The Basque separatist movement
C. The Israeli-Palestinian conflict
D. The conflict in Ireland

 

 

100.          _____ is the mother tongue of the largest number of people in the world.
A. Chinese
B. Hindi
C. English
D. Spanish

 

101.          The most widely spoken language in the world is:
A. Chinese.
B. French.
C. English.
D. Spanish.

 

102.          Chinese is the mother tongue of the largest number of people, but English is the most widely spoken language in the world. This indicates that:
A. many people speak English as a second language.
B. many native English speakers are learning Chinese.
C. the population of native English speakers exceeds that of China.
D. China will soon overtake English as the most widely spoken language.

 

103.          Recent trends in international business strongly indicate that when Japanese and German businesspeople conduct business together, the language in which they will communicate is almost certain to be _____.
A. Japanese
B. German
C. English
D. French

 

 

104.          Sunbeam Corporation used the English words for its “Mist-Stick” mist-producing hair curling iron when it entered the German market, only to discover after an expensive advertising campaign that “mist” means excrement in German. This blunder could have been avoided if:
A. Germans had made an effort to find out the meaning of the word in English.
B. the company had better educated its German customers.
C. the company had paid attention to the local language.
D. the company had engaged in more advertising and promotion.

 

105.          The raising of eyebrows in surprise, a frown of disapproval, and an approving thumbs-up are all examples of:
A. spoken communication.
B. nonverbal communication.
C. explicit communication.
D. impersonal communication.

 

106.          Making a circle with the thumb and the forefinger is a friendly gesture in the United States, but it is a vulgar sexual invitation in Greece and Turkey. Similarly, while most Americans and Europeans use the thumbs-up gesture to indicate that “it’s all right,” in Greece the gesture is obscene. These instances reflect that:
A. the Greek society is more conservative.
B. nonverbal communication is universal in nature.
C. unspoken language is not an important factor in communication.
D. many nonverbal cues are culturally bound.

 

107.          Personal space, which is the comfortable amount of distance between you and someone you are talking with, is an aspect of:
A. remote communication.
B. the spoken language.
C. explicit communication.
D. nonverbal communication.

 

 

108.          When schools emphasize respect for others, obedience to authority, honesty, neatness, being on time, and so on, they are:
A. introducing children to the virtues of competitiveness.
B. impinging on fundamental freedoms and values.
C. indirectly teaching cultural values and norms.
D. running counter to the values and norms learnt from the family.

 

109.          The recent trend to outsource information technology jobs to India and Japan’s post-war economic success, both indicate how education:
A. is not as important to economic growth as previously thought.
B. supplements the family’s role in socializing the young.
C. is counterproductive to creating a skilled labor pool in an economy.
D. is a determinant of national competitive advantage.

 

110.          A good education system is a determinant of national competitive advantage and:
A. is an index of the industrial capacity of the nation.
B. the cultural supremacy of the nation over others.
C. is an important factor guiding the location choices of international businesses.
D. political ascendancy.

 

111.          The general education level of a country is a factor determining all of the following EXCEPT:
A. the national competitive advantage.
B. the preeminence of the national culture.
C. the attractiveness of the country for international business location.
D. the type of products that might sell in that country.

 

112.          If the cultures of the United States and France result in different work-related values, an international business with operations in both countries should:
A. vary its management process and practices to account for these differences.
B. adopt similar management processes and practices in both countries.
C. opt to exit one of the markets to avoid a conflict.
D. ignore cultural differences and focus only on the economic aspects.

 

 

113.          Who isolated four dimensions—power distance, uncertainty avoidance, individualism versus collectivism, and masculinity versus femininity—that he claimed summarized different cultures?
A. Abraham Maslow
B. B.F Skinner
C. Geert Hofstede
D. Wilhelm Wundt Wilhelm

 

114.          Which one of Hofstede’s cultural dimensions focused on how a society deals with the fact that people are unequal in physical and intellectual capabilities?
A. Uncertainty avoidance
B. Masculinity versus femininity
C. Individualism versus collectivism
D. Power distance

 

115.          In societies where _____ was emphasized, the ties between individuals were tight and everyone was supposed to look after the interests of his or her group.
A. individualism
B. collectivism
C. masculinity
D. femininity

 

116.          Members of _____ cultures placed a premium on job security, career patterns, retirement benefits, and they also had a strong need for rules and regulations.
A. high uncertainty avoidance
B. masculine
C. low power distance
D. individualistic

 

 

117.          If a country has a deep-rooted culture of men and women sharing work equally and where men and women are paid equally for the same work, it can be called a _____ culture.
A. high power distance
B. uncertainty avoidance
C. feminine
D. individualistic

 

118.          The standard stereotype of Japan as a country with clearly demarcated roles for men and women and where individuals typically stay with the same employer throughout their working lives, proves the country as having _____ and _____.
A. high femininity; low power distance
B. high uncertainty avoidance; high masculinity
C. low power distance; high individualism
D. low uncertainty avoidance; high femininity

 

119.          Which of the following countries scores high on the individualism scale and low on the power distance scale?
A. Mexico
B. Japan
C. India
D. Great Britain

 

120.          Which of the following countries stands out as having both low uncertainty avoidance and low masculinity?
A. United States
B. Japan
C. Sweden
D. Great Britain

 

121.          Which of the following is a criticism of Hofstede’s four cultural dimensions?
A. Hofstede has ignored the one-to-one correspondence between culture and the nation-state.
B. Most of Hofstede’s findings are in direct conflict with standard Western stereotypes.
C. Hofstede assumes that most countries have more than one cultural dimension.
D. Certain social classes were excluded from Hofstede’s sample.

 

 

122.          Hofstede’s fifth dimension of _____ captures attitudes toward time, persistence, ordering by status, protection of face, respect for tradition, and reciprocation of gifts and favors.
A. Protestant ethic
B. Buddhist path
C. Hindu karma
D. Confucian dynamism

 

123.          One of the ways in which the new generation of Japanese workers differs from traditional Japanese workers is that they:
A. are loyal to their employers and will remain with them for a lifetime.
B. are likely to be less direct than the traditional Japanese.
C. give up evenings, weekends, and vacations to serve the organization.
D. will move on if they get an offer of a better job.

 

124.          The World Values Survey has linked changes in cultural values to:
A. changes in the geographical features of a country.
B. evolutionary changes that occur over several generations.
C. changes in a country’s level of economic development.
D. the political ascendancy of the country.

 

125.          La-Durando is a country that has achieved rapid economic growth and prosperity over the last couple of decades. According to findings of the World Values Survey, the country is likely to see a cultural shift away from _____ values and toward _____ values.
A. traditional; secular rational
B. individualist; collectivist
C. Western; Confucian
D. atheist; religious

 

126.          _____________ values, identified by the World Values Survey, tend to stress that economic and physical security are more important than self-expression.
A. Traditional
B. Religious
C. Well-being
D. Survival

 

 

127.          According to the World Values Survey, _____ values stress the importance of diversity, belonging, and participation in political processes.
A. survival
B. self-expression
C. traditional
D. conservative

 

128.          In the context of quality of life attributes, as countries get richer, there seems to be a shift from _____ values to _____ values.
A. self-expression; survival
B. survival; well-being
C. inclusive; xenophobic
D. egalitarian; authoritative

 

129.          Substantial changes in cultural values are linked to generations, with _____ typically being in the vanguard of a significant change in values.
A. elders
B. foreigners
C. younger people
D. women

 

130.          A belief in the superiority of one’s own ethnic group or culture, often resulting in disregard or contempt for the culture of other countries, is termed as:
A. acculturation.
B. egocentrism.
C. ethnocentrism.
D. ethnic gloss.

 

 

 

Essay Questions

131.          What are norms? Briefly describe the two categories of norms.

 

 

 

 

132.          What are the two dimensions of a society’s social structure that stand out as being of particular importance when explaining differences between cultures?

 

 

 

 

133.          In some societies, the individual is the basic building block of social organization, while the group has primacy in others. Which of these social dimensions is more conducive to business and economy?

 

 

 

 

134.          What is meant by the term social mobility? What are the two variations of social mobility?

 

 

 

 

 

135.          What is class-consciousness? What could be its impact on business?

 

 

 

 

136.          Elaborate on the connection Max Weber made between Protestant ethics and “the spirit of capitalism.”

 

 

 

 

137.          Islam prohibits the payment or receipt of interest, which is considered usury. Then how do Islamic banks make money?

 

 

 

 

138.          Discuss basic tenets of Buddhism and the economic implications of Buddhism.

 

 

 

 

 

139.          Discuss how the three values central to the Confucian system of ethics: loyalty, reciprocal obligations, and honesty in dealings with others help explain the economic success of some of the countries that practice Confucianism.

 

 

 

 

140.          Explain how the education system of a country impacts international business.

 

 

 

 

141.          What are the criticisms against Hofstede’s research?

 

 

 

 

142.          Which was the fifth dimension that Hofstede added to his research? How did Hofstede relate it to economic growth rate?

 

 

 

 

 

143.          Outline the major cultural shift toward individualism that is perceived by some as occurring in Japan. Discuss the possible reasons for this shift.

 

 

 

 

144.          A 25-year study of values in 78 countries, known as the World Values Survey, has documented how values change. Discuss the findings of this study, including findings relating to the quality of life attributes.

 

 

 

 

 

 

Chapter 03 Differences in Culture Answer Key
 

True / False Questions

1.    (p. 94)Generally, folkways are actions of little moral significance.
TRUE

Folkways are the routine conventions of everyday life. Generally, folkways are actions of little moral significance.

 

AACSB: Analytic
Bloom’s: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 03-01
Topic: What is Culture?