Genetic Analysis 2nd Edition by Sanders – Test Bank
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Genetics: An Integrated Approach (Sanders)
Chapter 3 Cell Division and Chromosome Heredity
3.1 Multiple-Choice Questions
1) Mitosis is a process of cell division that
results in __________.
1. A)
two unique daughter cells
2. B)
four unique daughter cells
3. C)
two identical daughter cells
4. D)
three identical daughter cells
5. E)
four identical daughter cells
Answer: C
Section: 3.1
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
2) During which stage or phase of the cell
cycle does the cell actively transcribe and translate at the highest rate all
the protein products necessary for normal cellular structure and function?
1. A) M
phase
2. B) G1
3. C) G2
4. D) S
5. E)
metaphase
Answer: B
Section: 3.1
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
3) During which stage or phase of the cell
cycle does the cell replicate its chromosomes?
1. A) M
phase
2. B) G1
3. C) G2
4. D) S
5. E) G0
Answer: D
Section: 3.1
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
4) After which stage or phase of the cell
cycle does cytokinesis occur?
1. A) M
phase
2. B) G1
3. C) G2
4. D) S
5. E) G0
Answer: A
Section: 3.1
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
5) Certain kinds of cells (e.g., some cells in
the eyes and bones) mature and differentiate into a state in which they have a
specialized function but do not divide or progress through the cell cycle.
These cells are “stuck” in which stage?
1. A) M
phase
2. B) G1
3. C) G2
4. D) S
5. E) G0
Answer: E
Section: 3.1
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
6) During mitotic cell division, if
chromosomal material is improperly divided between the two daughter cells, one
cell could receive three copies of a chromosome, and the other cell could
receive only one. This is likely due to a defect in which process?
1. A)
cytokinesis
2. B)
karyokinesis
3. C)
crossing over
4. D) synapsis
5. E)
homologous recombination
Answer: B
Section: 3.1
Skill: Application/Analysis
7) Scientists isolate two different cells from
the same organism at different points in the cell cycle. Cell A has 1.5 times
the DNA content of cell B. Which of the following is true?
1. A)
cell A is in G1 phase; cell B is in G2 phase
2. B)
cell B is in G1 phase; cell A is in G1 phase
3. C)
cell A is in S phase; cell B is in G1 phase
4. D)
cell B is in S phase; cell A is in G1 phase
5. E)
cell A is in S phase; cell B is in G2 phase
Answer: C
Section: 3.1
Skill: Application/Analysis
8) During which cell cycle phase(s) are
chromosomes composed of two DNA molecules?
1. A) G2
2. B) G1
3. C)
anaphase
4. D)
Answers (A) and (B) are correct.
5. E)
Answers (A), (B), and (C) are correct.
Answer: A
Section: 3.1
Skill: Application/Analysis
9) You discover a new species of snail, Biologica terificia, and
find that its haploid number is 4 (n =
4). The somatic cells of Biologica
terificia are diploid. How many chromosomes are in
a somatic cell of the snail in G1 phase?
1. A) 4
2. B) 8
3. C) 16
4. D)
too many to count
Answer: B
Section: 3.1
Skill: Application/Analysis
10) How many DNA molecules are in a somatic cell of the
snail in G2 phase?
1. A) 4
2. B) 8
3. C) 16
4. D)
too many to count
Answer: C
Section: 3.1
Skill: Application/Analysis
11) The accompanying figure represents a chromosome at
metaphase of mitosis. How many DNA molecules are present in this chromosome?
1. A)
one
2. B)
two
3. C)
four
4. D)
more than four
5. E)
impossible to determine
Answer: B
Section: 3.1
Skill: Application/Analysis
12) Which organelle migrates during M phase to form the
two opposite poles of the dividing cell and acts as the source of the spindle
fiber microtubules?
1. A)
centromere
2. B)
kinetochore
3. C)
centrosome
4. D) chiasmata
5. E)
chromosome
Answer: C
Section: 3.1
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
13) Which structure is responsible for chromosome movement
during cell division?
1. A)
synaptonemal complex
2. B)
kinetochore microtubules
3. C)
metaphase plate
4. D)
nuclear envelope
5. E)
cell membrane
Answer: B
Section: 3.1
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
14) The separation of sister chromatids during anaphase I
of mitosis is known as chromosome __________.
1. A)
cytokinesis
2. B)
karyokinesis
3. C)
crossing over
4. D)
synapsis
5. E) disjunction
Answer: E
Section: 3.1
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
15) A dihybrid has the genotype AaBb. After a normal
mitotic division into two daughters cells, one daughter cell will have the
genotype _____________ and the other will have the genotype ______________.
1. A) Aa; Bb
2. B) AaBb; AaBb
3. C) AB; ab
4. D) Ab; aB
5. E) AABB; aabb
Answer: B
Section: 3.1
Skill: Application/Analysis
16) How do protein kinases generally activate their target
proteins?
1. A)
The process of phosphorylation causes the target proteins to change
conformation.
2. B)
The kinases bind to target proteins directly, forming a complex that activates
the proteins and lets them change conformation.
3. C)
Kinase concentrations vary during the cell cycle, so that proteins are
activated only when kinase levels are high.
4. D)
Kinases bind to target proteins and inactivate them, so kinase levels must drop
for target protein activation.
5. E)
The process of dephosphorylation causes the target proteins to change
conformation.
Answer: A
Section: 3.1
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
17) Tumor suppressors are genes that __________.
1. A)
promote advancement of the cell cycle
2. B)
phosphorylate proteins involved in the cell cycle
3. C)
block progression of the cell cycle
4. D)
prevent apoptosis in normal cells
5. E)
activate proto-oncogenes
Answer: C
Section: 3.1
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
18) Vinblastine is a commonly used chemotherapy drug that
acts by interfering with the assembly of microtubules. How does it likely
target cancer cells?
1. A) by
suppressing cyclins
2. B) by
inhibiting protein kinases
3. C) by
inhibiting DNA synthesis
4. D) by
denaturing myosin and preventing the cleavage furrow from forming
5. E) by
disrupting mitotic spindle formation
Answer: E
Section: 3.1
Skill: Application/Analysis
19) If you mutate the gene encoding a Cdk such that Cdk
protein product cannot bind to cyclin, what effect would you expect to see?
1. A)
Cdk will be unaffected.
2. B)
The cell cycle will be up-regulated, and the cells will proliferate.
3. C)
Cdk will be inactive, so the target proteins will not be phosphorylated.
4. D)
Cdk will be constitutively active, so the cell cycle will be unchecked.
5. E)
Cdk will phosphorylate its target proteins regardless of the cell cycle.
Answer: C
Section: 3.1
Skill: Synthesis/Evaluation
20) Mutations that inhibit Rb gene expression
will have what effect on cell proliferation?
1. A)
Cells will proliferate less, even if excess growth factors are present.
2. B)
Cells will proliferate less because growth factors are absent.
3. C)
Cells will proliferate more because growth factors are produced in excess.
4. D)
Cells will proliferate more, regardless of growth factor concentration.
5. E)
There will be no effect on cell proliferation; only apoptosis occurs.
Answer: D
Section: 3.1
Skill: Application/Analysis
21) During meiosis I, when does homologous chromosome
pairing and recombination occur?
1. A)
prophase I
2. B)
pro-metaphase I
3. C)
metaphase I
4. D)
anaphase I
5. E)
telophase I
Answer: A
Section: 3.2
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
22) The binding of nonsister chromatids by a synaptonemal
complex draws the homologs into close contact so that what process can occur?
1. A)
cytokinesis
2. B)
karyokinesis
3. C)
independent assortment
4. D)
synapsis
5. E)
disjunction
Answer: D
Section: 3.2
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
23) Contact points between nonsister chromatids that mark
the locations of DNA-strand exchange are called __________.
1. A)
synaptonemal complexes
2. B)
metaphase plates
3. C)
chiasmata
4. D)
kinetochores
5. E)
centrosomes
Answer: C
Section: 3.2
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
24) Genes A and B are on different chromosomes. A dihybrid
with the genotype AaBb undergoes
meiosis. Which of the following depicts a possible genotype in a gamete?
1. A) Aa
2. B) Bb
3. C) AB
4. D) A
5. E) B
6. F) AaBb
Answer: C
Section: 3.2
Skill: Application/Analysis
25) WT yeast (TRP+)
can synthesize the amino acid tryptophan and can grow on media plates lacking
tryptophan. In contrast, mutant alleles (trp–)
block tryptophan synthesis and result in an inability of mutant strains to grow
on media lacking tryptophan. A diploid yeast was made through the cross
MATa ADE+ ×
MATα ade–. Meiosis
was induced in the diploid strain to produce an ascus with four haploid spores,
which were separated and grown on plates lacking tryptophan. How many spores
are expected to grow into colonies on the plate?
1. A) 0
2. B) 1
3. C) 2
4. D) 3
5. E) 4
Answer: C
Section: 3.2
Skill: Application/Analysis
26) A dihybrid has the genotype AaBb. The diagram
depicts the chromosome composition of different cells from the animal. Which of
the cells could represent a mature gamete?
1. A)
Cell G
2. B)
Cell H
3. C)
Cell K
4. D)
Cell M
5. E)
Cell P
Answer: A
Section: 3.2
Skill: Application/Analysis
27) Which of the following represents the contents of a
cell in G2 phase (before cell division begins)?
1. A)
Cell G
2. B)
Cell H
3. C)
Cell K
4. D)
Cell M
5. E)
Cell P
Answer: D
Section: 3.2
Skill: Application/Analysis
28) Which of the following cells could be created from a
mitotic division but would not be created during a normal meiosis?
1. A)
Cell G
2. B)
Cell H
3. C)
Cell K
4. D)
Cell M
5. E)
Cell P
Answer: C
Section: 3.2
Skill: Application/Analysis
29) What insight did Nettie Stevens’s studies of the
beetle Tenebrio
molitor provide about the chromosome theory of inheritance?
1. A)
Genes are located on chromosomes.
2. B)
The number of autosomal chromosomes varied between gametes.
3. C)
Crossing over occurs between homologous chromosomes.
4. D)
Sex is determined by the presence of an X or Y chromosome in the male gamete.
5. E)
Chromosomes assort independently into the haploid gametes.
Answer: D
Section: 3.3
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
30) Morgan’s analysis of a white-eyed male Drosophila mutation
helped explain __________.
1. A)
autosomal dominance
2. B)
random mutation
3. C)
crossing over
4. D) independent
assortment
5. E)
X-linked inheritance
Answer: E
Section: 3.3
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
31) Bridges showed that sex determination in Drosophila meant
that __________.
1. A)
females were XX or XXX, and males were XY or XXY
2. B)
females were XX, and males were XY
3. C)
females were XX, and males were XY or XO
4. D)
females were XX or XXX, and males were XY or XO
5. E)
females were XX or XO, and males were XY or XXY
Answer: D
Section: 3.4
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
32) A pure-breeding female fruit fly with a yellow body is
crossed to a pure-breeding male fruit fly with a gray body. All female
offspring from the cross have gray bodies and all males have yellow bodies.
Body color is likely a(n)__________trait, and the gray allele is ________.
1. A) Autosomal;
dominant
2. B)
Autosomal; recessive
3. C)
X-linked; dominant
4. D)
X-linked; recessive
Answer: C
Section: 3.5
Skill: Application/Analysis
33) If a trait is X-linked recessive, who would express
the trait?
1. A)
females homozygous for the dominant allele and males hemizygous for the
recessive allele
2. B)
heterozygous females and males hemizygous for the dominant allele
3. C)
females homozygous for the recessive allele and males hemizygous for the
recessive allele
1. D)
females homozygous for the recessive allele and males hemizygous for the
dominant allele
2. E)
the same proportions of females and males
Answer: C
Section: 3.5
Skill: Application/Analysis
34) If a trait is X-linked dominant, who would express the
trait?
1. A)
females homozygous for the dominant allele and males hemizygous for the
recessive allele
2. B)
heterozygous females and males hemizygous for the dominant allele
3. C)
females homozygous for the recessive allele and males hemizygous for the
recessive allele
4. D)
females homozygous for the recessive allele and males hemizygous for the
dominant allele
5. E)
significantly more females than males
Answer: B
Section: 3.5
Skill: Application/Analysis
35) What dosage compensation mechanism is employed by
female placental mammals?
1. A)
synteny
2. B)
Y-inactivation
3. C)
X-inactivation
4. D) X
nondisjunction
5. E) X
chromosome crossing over
Answer: C
Section: 3.6
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
36) Red-green color blindness is an X-linked recessive
disorder. A woman with normal vision whose father was colorblind has children
with a man with normal color vision. What is the probability that their first
child will be colorblind?
1. A)
1/4
2. B)
1/2
3. C)
3/4
4. D) 0
5. E) 1
Answer: A
Section: 3.5
Skill: Application/Analysis
3.2 Short-Answer Questions
1) How many chromosomes are found in a human
somatic cell nucleus?
Answer: 46
Section: 3.1
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
2) How many homologous pairs of chromosomes are
found in a human somatic cell nucleus?
Answer: 23
Section: 3.1
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
3) How many total chromatids are found in a human
somatic cell nucleus during G2 phase?
Answer: 92
Section: 3.1
Skill: Application/Analysis
4) What process is used to make mature
germ-line cells, or gametes?
Answer: meiosis
Section: 3.1
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
5) What is the short segment of the cell cycle
during which genetic material is partitioned equally to two daughter cells?
Answer: the M phase
Section: 3.1
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
6) If a cell begins to divide rapidly (as
often seen in wound repair), what would you expect to happen to the G1 phase?
Answer: It would shorten.
Section: 3.1
Skill: Application/Analysis
7) A cell in G1 phase
has the option of entering which two phases?
Answer: S phase or G0
Section: 3.1
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
8) The five substages of M phase are designed
to accomplish two main goals: equal partitioning between the two cells of
chromosomal material and of cytoplasmic contents. What are these two processes
called?
Answer: karyokinesis and cytokinesis
Section: 3.1
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
9) Microtubules are polar, having a plus-end
and a minus-end. Which end is anchored at the centrosome?
Answer: the minus end
Section: 3.1
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
10) Why are chromosomes more easily visible under the
microscope during metaphase as compared to G2 phase?
Answer: They have condensed 10,000-fold.
Section: 3.1
Skill: Application/Analysis
11) Protein kinases help phosphorylate target proteins,
but they are present in relatively constant concentrations throughout the cell
cycle. Which proteins, which vary during the cell cycle, form a complex with
the kinases to activate them only at specific times?
Answer: cyclins
Section: 3.1
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
12) When cyclin D1 is expressed in normal levels, it
stimulates the cell cycle. If overexpressed, it can promote cancer by allowing
cells to overproliferate. The normal cyclin D1 gene, which has the potential to
cause cancer if mutated and/or overexpressed, is known as what?
Answer: proto-oncogene
Section: 3.1
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
13) Single-celled eukaryotes can survive and reproduce in
both haploid and diploid forms. Yeast spend most of their life cycle and actively
reproduce in which form?
Answer: haploid
Section: 3.2
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
14) What separates in meiosis I to reduce the diploid
number (2n) of
chromosomes to the haploid number (n)?
Answer: homologous chromosomes
Section: 3.2
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
15) At the end of meiosis II, what is produced?
Answer: four haploid gametes
Section: 3.2
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
16) The gametes of the two sexes are often dramatically
different in size and morphology. If both gametes have a haploid nuclei, then
what do female gametes contain more of?
Answer: cytoplasm and organelles
Section: 3.2
Skill: Application/Analysis
17) The number of occurrences of which event correlates
closely with the number of recombination nodules along each homologous
chromosome arm?
Answer: crossover event
Section: 3.2
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
18) Which protein assures that sister chromatids of each
chromosome remain firmly joined and can resist the pull of the kinetochore microtubules?
Answer: cohesin
Section: 3.2
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
19) Females have two copies of the X chromosome, so they
can be homozygous or heterozygous for any genes found on the X chromosome.
Males have only one copy of the X chromosome. What term is used to describe
this inheritance state?
Answer: hemizygous
Section: 3.3
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
20) According to Bridges’s proposal, exceptional
phenotypes and unusual karyotypes were the result of rare mistakes in meiosis
caused by the failure of X chromosomes to separate properly in either the first
or second meiotic division in females. What term is used in referring to this
phenomenon?
Answer: nondisjunction
Section: 3.3
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
21) What is the mammalian transcription factor that
elicits a cascade of gene transcription and developmental events that
ultimately produce male internal and external structures?
Answer: SRY
Section: 3.4
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
22) Which term describes any mechanism that compensates
for differences in the number of copies of genes due to the different
chromosome constitutions of males and females?
Answer: dosage compensation
Section: 3.6
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
3.3 Fill-in-the-Blank Questions
1) Of the trillions of cells in the human
body, most are ________, the cells that form organs and tissues.
Answer: somatic cells
Section: 3.1
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
2) The ________ varies among species (each
species has its characteristic number of pairs) and is identified
nonspecifically as 2n.
Answer: diploid number
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