Gateways to Psychology An Introduction to Mind & Behavior, International Edition 13th Edition by Dennis Coon – Test Bank
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Sample Test
Chapter 3a—Development Across the Lifespan
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Developmental
psychology is the study of
|
a. |
the language, personality, and emotions
of children and adolescents. |
|
b. |
the stages of life and the important
tasks of each. |
|
c. |
progressive changes in behavior and
abilities from conception to death. |
|
d. |
the role of maturation in the unfolding
of human potential. |
ANS:
C
PTS:
1
DIF: Moderate
REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to
Tango
OBJ: 3.1.1
KEY: Fact
2. The
study of changes in behavior from conception to death encompasses
|
a. |
gerontology. |
|
b. |
thanatology. |
|
c. |
developmental psychology. |
|
d. |
social psychology. |
ANS:
C
PTS:
1
DIF: Easy
REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to
Tango
OBJ: 3.1.1
KEY: Fact
3. Dianne
is a psychologist who is interested in the progressive changes that people show
in their behavior and abilities from conception to death. Dianne is most likely
a __________ psychologist.
|
a. |
social |
|
b. |
behavioral |
|
c. |
comparative |
|
d. |
developmental |
ANS:
D
PTS:
1
DIF: Moderate
REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to
Tango
OBJ: 3.1.1
KEY: Application
4. Developmental
psychologists are interested in changes in behavior that occur from
|
a. |
conception on to death (the womb to the
tomb). |
|
b. |
birth to adolescence (infant to teen). |
|
c. |
birth to adulthood (child to grown-up). |
|
d. |
conception to senescence. |
ANS:
A
PTS:
1
DIF: Moderate
REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to
Tango
OBJ: 3.1.1
KEY: Fact
5. Achieving
sexual maturity is mostly governed by
|
a. |
nurture. |
|
b. |
nature. |
|
c. |
the environment. |
|
d. |
evolutionary senescence. |
ANS:
B
PTS:
1
DIF: Moderate
REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to Tango
OBJ: 3.1.1
KEY:
Concept MSC: * (New
Question)
6. Learning
to dance or to use a computer is primarily a matter of
|
a. |
nurture. |
|
b. |
nature. |
|
c. |
heredity. |
|
d. |
maturation. |
ANS: A
PTS:
1
DIF: Moderate
REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to
Tango
OBJ: 3.1.1
KEY:
Concept MSC: * (New
Question)
7. The
importance of heredity stems from the fact that it
|
a. |
is not subject to environmental
influences. |
|
b. |
determines the overall health of the
organism. |
|
c. |
sets the limits of development by
providing a framework of potentials and limitations. |
|
d. |
is more fragile than the environment
and, consequently, can be more changeable. |
ANS:
C
PTS:
1
DIF: Moderate
REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to
Tango
OBJ: 3.1.1
KEY: Concept
8. Psychologists
generally resolve the nature-nurture debate by agreeing that
|
a. |
heredity and environment are
interacting and inseparable factors in development. |
|
b. |
heredity is more important because it
precedes the effects of experience. |
|
c. |
environment is more important because
its effects are less flexible than those of heredity. |
|
d. |
environment is more important because
most behaviors of interest to psychologists are learned. |
ANS:
A
PTS:
1
DIF: Moderate
REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to
Tango
OBJ: 3.1.1
KEY: Concept
9. According
to the text, what conclusion can be drawn in the nature-nurture debate?
|
a. |
Heredity is the most important because
we inherit our potential for development as well as our limitations. |
|
b. |
Environment is the most important
because influences, such as learning, nutrition, disease, and culture affect
our ability to develop to our potential. |
|
c. |
It is the interaction between heredity
and environment that is important in determining who we become. |
|
d. |
Neither heredity nor environment is
important; only our own behavior determines who we are. |
ANS:
C
PTS:
1
DIF: Moderate
REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to Tango
OBJ: 3.1.1
KEY: Concept
10.
The genetic transmission of physical and psychological
characteristics from parents to offspring is known as
|
a. |
development. |
|
b. |
heredity. |
|
c. |
nurture. |
|
d. |
maturation. |
ANS: B
PTS:
1
DIF: Easy
REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to
Tango
OBJ: 3.1.2
KEY: Fact
11.
When psychologists attribute development to nature, they are
referring to the effects of
|
a. |
mother/infant bonding. |
|
b. |
heredity and genetics. |
|
c. |
environmental influences. |
|
d. |
evolutionary selection. |
ANS:
B
PTS:
1
DIF: Moderate
REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to Tango
OBJ: 3.1.2
KEY: Fact
12.
The uniting of the egg and sperm is referred to as
|
a. |
development. |
|
b. |
transformation. |
|
c. |
conception. |
|
d. |
developmental sequencing. |
ANS:
C
PTS: 1
DIF: Easy
REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to
Tango
OBJ: 3.1.2
KEY: Fact
13.
Conception occurs when the
|
a. |
egg is released from the ovary. |
|
b. |
egg and sperm unite. |
|
c. |
fertilized egg makes its first
division. |
|
d. |
embryo implants into the uterine
lining. |
ANS:
B
PTS:
1
DIF: Easy
REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to
Tango
OBJ: 3.1.2
KEY: Fact
14.
The long, ladder-like chains of chemical molecules that act as a
code for genetic information are known as
|
a. |
DNA. |
|
b. |
gametes. |
|
c. |
ribosomes. |
|
d. |
neurilemmas. |
ANS:
A
PTS:
1
DIF: Easy
REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to
Tango
OBJ: 3.1.2
KEY: Fact
15.
Which of the following is found in the nucleus of every human
cell and contains a record of all the instructions needed to make a human?
|
a. |
DNA |
|
b. |
MSG |
|
c. |
myelin |
|
d. |
neurilemma |
ANS:
A
PTS:
1
DIF: Easy
REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to
Tango
OBJ: 3.1.2
KEY:
Fact
MSC: * (New Question)
16.
The code for genetic information consists of
|
a. |
the sperm and ovum. |
|
b. |
the presence of neurotransmitters,
especially acetylcholine. |
|
c. |
the order of the molecules making up
DNA. |
|
d. |
molecular ganglia. |
ANS:
C
PTS:
1
DIF: Moderate
REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to
Tango
OBJ: 3.1.2
KEY: Concept
17.
The chemical molecules making up DNA are
|
a. |
organic acids. |
|
b. |
organic bases. |
|
c. |
ribosomes. |
|
d. |
molecular ganglia. |
ANS: B
PTS:
1
DIF: Moderate
REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to
Tango
OBJ: 3.1.2
KEY: Fact
18.
In 2003, a major scientific milestone was reached with the
completion of the entire sequencing of three billion chemical base pairs of
human DNA. This project was known as the __________ Project.
|
a. |
Manhattan |
|
b. |
Nature-Nurture |
|
c. |
Human Genome |
|
d. |
Polygenic Mapping |
ANS:
C
PTS: 1
DIF: Easy
REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to
Tango
OBJ: 3.1.2
KEY: Fact
19.
Within the nucleus of every human cell are 46 thread-like
structures that hold the coded instructions of heredity. These 46 structures
are called
|
a. |
gametes. |
|
b. |
DNA organic acids. |
|
c. |
chromosomes. |
|
d. |
genes. |
ANS:
C
PTS:
1
DIF: Easy
REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to Tango
OBJ: 3.1.2
KEY: Fact
20.
Which of the following words means “colored body”?
|
a. |
gene |
|
b. |
chromosome |
|
c. |
zygote |
|
d. |
gamete |
ANS:
B
PTS:
1
DIF: Easy
REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to
Tango
OBJ: 3.1.2
KEY:
Fact
MSC: * (New Question)
21.
In the nucleus of every human cell, except for the sperm and
ova, are __________ chromosomes.
|
a. |
24 |
|
b. |
36 |
|
c. |
46 |
|
d. |
60 |
ANS:
C
PTS:
1
DIF: Moderate
REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to
Tango
OBJ: 3.1.2
KEY: Fact
22.
Within the nucleus of each sperm and each ovum there are
__________ chromosomes.
|
a. |
23 |
|
b. |
36 |
|
c. |
46 |
|
d. |
60 |
ANS:
A
PTS:
1
DIF: Moderate
REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to
Tango
OBJ: 3.1.2
KEY: Fact
23.
Specific areas on a strand of DNA that carry hereditary
information are called
|
a. |
myelins. |
|
b. |
genes. |
|
c. |
neurilemmas. |
|
d. |
ribosomes. |
ANS:
B
PTS:
1
DIF: Easy
REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to Tango
OBJ: 3.1.2
KEY: Fact
24.
Chromosomes are made up of
|
a. |
zygotes. |
|
b. |
gametes. |
|
c. |
genes. |
|
d. |
phenotypes. |
ANS:
C
PTS:
1
DIF: Easy
REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to
Tango
OBJ: 3.1.2
KEY: Fact
25.
The part of a chromosome that contains instructions that affect
a particular process or personal characteristic is called a(n)
|
a. |
isotope. |
|
b. |
gene. |
|
c. |
soma. |
|
d. |
autosome. |
ANS: B
PTS:
1
DIF: Easy
REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to
Tango
OBJ: 3.1.2
KEY: Fact
26.
A gene whose influence will be expressed each time the gene is
present is known as a __________ gene.
|
a. |
recessive |
|
b. |
dominant |
|
c. |
polygenic |
|
d. |
sex-linked |
ANS:
B
PTS:
1
DIF: Moderate
REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to Tango
OBJ: 3.1.2
KEY: Fact
27.
A gene whose influence will be expressed only when it is paired
with a second gene of the same type is known as a __________ gene.
|
a. |
recessive |
|
b. |
dominant |
|
c. |
polygenic |
|
d. |
gender-linked |
ANS:
A
PTS:
1
DIF: Moderate
REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to
Tango
OBJ: 3.1.2
KEY: Fact
28.
Which combination could produce a blue-eyed child?
|
a. |
The father is brown-eyed, and the
mother is blue-eyed. |
|
b. |
The father is blue-eyed, and the mother
is brown-eyed. |
|
c. |
Both father and mother are brown-eyed. |
|
d. |
Each of these could produce a blue-eyed
child. |
ANS:
D
PTS: 1
DIF: Difficult
REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to
Tango
OBJ: 3.1.2
KEY: Application
29.
Bruce has a dominant gene for brown eyes and a recessive gene
for blue eyes. Bruce’s eye color would be
|
a. |
green |
|
b. |
brown |
|
c. |
blue |
|
d. |
impossible to predict |
ANS:
B
PTS:
1
DIF: Difficult
REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to
Tango
OBJ: 3.1.2
KEY: Application
30.
Morgan has albinism, a recessive condition resulting in a lack
of skin pigment. If neither of Morgan’s parents have albinism, how did Morgan
develop this condition?
|
a. |
Morgan received a dominant gene for the
condition from each parent. |
|
b. |
Morgan received a recessive gene for
the condition from each parent. |
|
c. |
Morgan received two dominant genes for
the condition from one of her parents. |
|
d. |
Morgan received two recessive genes for
the condition from one of her parents. |
ANS: B
PTS:
1
DIF: Difficult
REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to
Tango
OBJ: 3.1.2
KEY: Application
31.
Both parents carry one recessive gene for sickle cell anemia,
but they do not have sickle cell anemia themselves. What is the chance that
their child could have sickle cell anemia?
|
a. |
one chance in two |
|
b. |
one chance in three |
|
c. |
one chance in four |
|
d. |
no chance (zero out of four) |
ANS:
C
PTS: 1
DIF: Difficult
REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to
Tango
OBJ: 3.1.2
KEY: Application
32.
James has one brown-eye gene and one blue-eye gene. His wife
Carolyn also has one brown-eye gene and one blue-eye gene. What is the chance
that their child could have blue eyes?
|
a. |
one chance in two |
|
b. |
one chance in three |
|
c. |
one chance in four |
|
d. |
no chance (zero out of four) |
ANS:
C
PTS: 1
DIF: Difficult
REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to
Tango
OBJ: 3.1.2
KEY: Application MSC: www
33.
Traits that are determined by many genes working in combination
are called __________ characteristics.
|
a. |
dominant |
|
b. |
recessive |
|
c. |
polymorphic |
|
d. |
polygenic |
ANS:
D
PTS:
1
DIF: Moderate
REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to
Tango
OBJ: 3.1.2
KEY: Fact
34.
One’s skin color is controlled by the expression of many genes
working together in combination. Thus, skin color is a __________
characteristic.
|
a. |
dominant |
|
b. |
recessive |
|
c. |
polygenic |
|
d. |
sex-linked |
ANS:
C
PTS: 1
DIF: Moderate
REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to
Tango
OBJ: 3.1.2
KEY: Concept
35.
How many genes have been shown to play a role in determining
one’s height?
|
a. |
only two |
|
b. |
four |
|
c. |
appoximately 10 |
|
d. |
almost 200 |
ANS:
D
PTS:
1
DIF: Moderate
REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to
Tango
OBJ: 3.1.2
KEY:
Fact
MSC: * (New Question)
36.
Regarding the mechanisms of heredity, which of the following
statements is FALSE?
|
a. |
Most of our characteristics are
controlled by single genes. |
|
b. |
Heredity determines eye color, skin
color, and susceptibility to some diseases. |
|
c. |
Genes can switch on or off at certain
ages or developmental stages. |
|
d. |
Genetic instructions influence
intelligence, personality traits, and sexual orientation. |
ANS:
A
PTS:
1
DIF: Moderate
REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to
Tango
OBJ: 3.1.2
KEY:
Concept MSC: * (New
Question)
37.
The overall pattern of physical development from conception to
death is known as the
|
a. |
human growth sequence. |
|
b. |
senescence pattern. |
|
c. |
adaptation sequence. |
|
d. |
zone of proximal development. |
ANS:
A
PTS:
1
DIF: Moderate
REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to Tango
OBJ: 3.1.2
KEY: Fact
38.
The broad outlines of the human growth sequence are virtually
universal. This fact is evidence of the effect of which of the following on
development?
|
a. |
heredity |
|
b. |
temperament |
|
c. |
environment |
|
d. |
motor primacy |
ANS:
A
PTS:
1
DIF: Moderate
REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to
Tango
OBJ: 3.1.2
KEY:
Concept MSC: * (New
Question)
39.
When an individual develops from a zygote to an embryo to a
fetus to a neonate and so on until one’s death, this overall pattern of
physical development is known as the
|
a. |
human growth sequence. |
|
b. |
senescence pattern. |
|
c. |
adaptation sequence. |
|
d. |
zone of proximal development. |
ANS:
A
PTS:
1
DIF: Moderate
REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to
Tango
OBJ: 3.1.2
KEY: Concept
40.
In the human growth sequence, the germinal, embryonic, and fetal
periods make up the __________ period.
|
a. |
prenatal |
|
b. |
neonatal |
|
c. |
postnatal |
|
d. |
senescence |
ANS:
A
PTS:
1
DIF: Easy
REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to Tango
OBJ: 3.1.2
KEY:
Fact
MSC: * (New Question)
41.
In the human growth sequence, the period known as pubescence is
the period that encompasses which age group?
|
a. |
early childhood |
|
b. |
middle childhood |
|
c. |
adolescence |
|
d. |
adulthood |
ANS:
C
PTS:
1
DIF: Easy
REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to
Tango
OBJ: 3.1.2
KEY:
Fact
MSC: * (New Question)
42.
The physical growth and development of the body, brain, and
nervous system is called
|
a. |
readiness. |
|
b. |
maturation. |
|
c. |
mobility. |
|
d. |
heredity. |
ANS:
B
PTS:
1
DIF: Easy
REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to
Tango
OBJ: 3.1.3
KEY: Fact
43.
Maturation is defined as the
|
a. |
physical growth and development of the
body, brain, and nervous system. |
|
b. |
organism’s ability to adapt to changing
conditions. |
|
c. |
sum of all the external conditions
affecting development. |
|
d. |
transmission of physical and
psychological characteristics from parent to offspring. |
ANS:
A
PTS:
1
DIF: Moderate
REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to Tango
OBJ: 3.1.3
KEY: Fact
44.
Milestones, such as when children are able to walk alone, feed
themselves, or become toilet trained tend to be governed by
|
a. |
assimilation. |
|
b. |
resiliency. |
|
c. |
habituation. |
|
d. |
readiness. |
ANS:
D
PTS:
1
DIF: Easy
REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to
Tango
OBJ: 3.1.3
KEY: Concept
45.
A condition that exists when maturation has advanced enough to
allow the rapid acquisition of a particular skill is known as
|
a. |
readiness. |
|
b. |
assimilation. |
|
c. |
habituation. |
|
d. |
enrichment. |
ANS:
A
PTS:
1
DIF: Easy
REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to Tango
OBJ: 3.1.3
KEY:
Fact
MSC: * (New Question)
46.
Until minimum levels of physical structure are mature, no amount
of practice will be sufficient to develop certain skills. This statement
reflects
|
a. |
assimilation. |
|
b. |
readiness. |
|
c. |
resiliency. |
|
d. |
habituation. |
ANS:
B
PTS:
1
DIF: Easy
REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to
Tango
OBJ: 3.1.3
KEY: Concept
47.
Sarah is seven months old. Her parents spend three hours a day
for five weeks straight holding Sarah up next to furniture in hopes that she
will grab onto the furniture and stand by herself. Sarah hates this treatment
and screams and cries, but her parents are unyielding. Finally, at the end of
the fifth week, Sarah stands up by herself while holding onto the furniture.
Her parents smile triumphantly. What have they accomplished here?
|
a. |
Sarah’s parents have trained Sarah to
stand up by herself earlier than the average. |
|
b. |
Sarah was ready to stand up by herself
at about eight months of age; but her parents simply put her through a
training ordeal for nothing. |
|
c. |
If Sarah’s parents had not trained her,
Sarah would have been developmentally delayed. |
|
d. |
Sarah’s parents have respected her
personal rate of growth by encouraging her with psychomotor training. |
ANS:
B
PTS:
1
DIF: Moderate
REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to Tango
OBJ: 3.1.3
KEY: Application
48.
Jeffery is 18 months old, and his mother has spent almost every
waking moment of the last three weeks trying to toilet-train Jeffery. However,
Jeffery has shown no improvement. Jeffery’s mother should be told that toilet
training as well as other milestones in development are governed by the
|
a. |
habituation of the child. |
|
b. |
child’s assimilation pattern. |
|
c. |
child’s readiness. |
|
d. |
quality and quantity of the training. |
ANS: C
PTS:
1
DIF: Easy
REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to
Tango
OBJ: 3.1.3
KEY: Application
49.
Current guidelines suggest that toilet training goes most
smoothly when begun between __________ months of age.
|
a. |
nine and 12 |
|
b. |
12 and 16 |
|
c. |
18 and 24 |
|
d. |
30 and 42 |
ANS:
C
PTS:
1
DIF: Moderate
REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to Tango
OBJ: 3.1.3
KEY:
Fact
MSC: * (New Question)
50.
Regarding toilet training, which of the following statements is
FALSE?
|
a. |
Parents may control when toilet
training starts, but maturation tends to dictate when it will be completed. |
|
b. |
Current guidelines suggest that toilet
training goes most smoothly when begun between 10 and 16 months of age. |
|
c. |
Parents are asking for failure when
they try to force a child to learn skills too early or too late. |
|
d. |
The older a child is before toilet
training begins, the more likely he or she is to fail to develop full bladder
control and become a daytime “wetter.” |
ANS:
B
PTS:
1
DIF: Moderate
REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to
Tango
OBJ: 3.1.3
KEY:
Concept MSC: * (New
Question)
51.
Nature is to heredity as nurture is to
|
a. |
environment. |
|
b. |
genetics. |
|
c. |
maturation. |
|
d. |
readiness. |
ANS: A
PTS:
1
DIF: Easy
REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to
Tango
OBJ: 3.1.3
KEY:
Concept MSC: * (New
Question)
52.
The sum of all external conditions that affect a person is
referred to as
|
a. |
nurture. |
|
b. |
senescence. |
|
c. |
nature. |
|
d. |
the human growth sequence. |
ANS:
A
PTS:
1
DIF: Easy
REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to Tango
OBJ: 3.1.3
KEY: Fact
53.
When John B. Watson made the statement that if he had a dozen
infants he could take any one of them at random and train him to be a doctor,
merchant, thief, etc., he was referring to the powerful effect of
|
a. |
nature. |
|
b. |
temperament. |
|
c. |
the human growth sequence. |
|
d. |
the environment. |
ANS:
D
PTS:
1
DIF: Moderate
REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to Tango
OBJ: 3.1.3
KEY: Application
54.
Compared to an adult, the brain of a newborn baby has __________
dendrites.
|
a. |
significantly more |
|
b. |
slightly more |
|
c. |
fewer |
|
d. |
the same number of |
ANS: C
PTS:
1
DIF: Moderate
REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to
Tango
OBJ: 3.1.3
KEY:
Fact
MSC: * (New Question)
55.
Compared to an adult, the brain of a newborn baby has __________
synapses.
|
a. |
significantly more |
|
b. |
slightly more |
|
c. |
fewer |
|
d. |
the same number of |
ANS:
C
PTS:
1
DIF: Moderate
REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to Tango
OBJ: 3.1.3
KEY:
Fact
MSC: * (New Question)
56.
Compared to the adult brain, the brain of a newborn baby has
fewer nerve cell branches that receive information, which are called
|
a. |
axons. |
|
b. |
dendrites. |
|
c. |
nodes of Ranvier. |
|
d. |
neurilemma. |
ANS:
B
PTS:
1
DIF: Moderate
REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to
Tango
OBJ: 3.1.3
KEY:
Fact
MSC: * (New Question)
57.
Compared to the adult brain, the brain of a newborn baby has
fewer connections between nerve cells, which are called
|
a. |
dendrites. |
|
b. |
synapses. |
|
c. |
ion channels. |
|
d. |
nodes of Ranvier. |
ANS:
B
PTS: 1
DIF: Moderate
REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to
Tango
OBJ: 3.1.3
KEY:
Fact
MSC: * (New Question)
58.
The brain of a newborn baby is capable of being altered by
experience, that is, it is highly
|
a. |
plastic. |
|
b. |
polygenic. |
|
c. |
anthropomorphic. |
|
d. |
denotative. |
ANS:
A
PTS:
1
DIF: Moderate
REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to Tango
OBJ: 3.1.3
KEY: Fact
59.
Millions of new connections form in the child’s brain every day,
while unused connections disappear through a process known as
|
a. |
scaffolding. |
|
b. |
“top-to-bottom processing.” |
|
c. |
anthropomorphic delineation. |
|
d. |
“blooming and pruning.” |
ANS:
D
PTS:
1
DIF: Moderate
REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to
Tango
OBJ: 3.1.3
KEY: Fact
MSC: * (New Question)
60.
Regarding nature and nurture, which of the following statements
is FALSE?
|
a. |
The present human culture is
accelerating the rate at which human DNA is evolving. |
|
b. |
Modern humans are still genetically
quite similar to cave dwellers who lived 30,000 years ago. |
|
c. |
The brain of a newborn baby has
significantly more dendrites and synapses than an adult brain. |
|
d. |
Early learning environments literally
shape the developing brain, through “blooming and pruning” of synapses. |
ANS:
C
PTS:
1
DIF: Moderate
REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to
Tango
OBJ: 3.1.3
KEY:
Fact
MSC: * (New Question)
61.
Loud noises can increase the fetus’ heart rate and movement,
which illustrates that outside conditions can affect the unborn in the the
__________ environment.
|
a. |
teratogen |
|
b. |
genetic |
|
c. |
intrauterine |
|
d. |
endogenomic |
ANS:
C
PTS: 1
DIF: Moderate
REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to
Tango
OBJ: 3.1.4
KEY: Concept
62.
Defects that originate during prenatal development in the womb
due to environmental conditions are known as
|
a. |
congenital problems. |
|
b. |
genetic disorders. |
|
c. |
senescence disorders. |
|
d. |
endogenomic problems. |
ANS:
A
PTS:
1
DIF: Moderate
REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to Tango
OBJ: 3.1.4
KEY: Fact
63.
Defects that are caused by inherited characteristics are known
as
|
a. |
congenital problems. |
|
b. |
genetic disorders. |
|
c. |
teratogen defects. |
|
d. |
endogenomic problems. |
ANS: B
PTS:
1
DIF: Easy
REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to
Tango
OBJ: 3.1.4
KEY:
Fact
MSC: * (New Question)
64.
A physician who describes an infant as slow to respond and
develop because of congenital problems is attributing the cause of the
abnormality to the
|
a. |
postnatal environment. |
|
b. |
infant’s heredity. |
|
c. |
mother’s heredity. |
|
d. |
intrauterine environment. |
ANS:
D
PTS: 1
DIF: Moderate
REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to
Tango
OBJ: 3.1.4
KEY: Application
65.
If an expectant mother is exposed to German measles, the child
could be born with a
|
a. |
genetic defect. |
|
b. |
congenital problem. |
|
c. |
cephalocaudal pattern problem. |
|
d. |
proximodistal pattern problem. |
ANS:
B
PTS:
1
DIF: Moderate
REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to Tango
OBJ: 3.1.4
KEY: Application
66.
If an unborn child is exposed to X-rays, PCBs, or drugs taken by
the mother, the child could be born with a
|
a. |
genetic defect. |
|
b. |
congenital problem. |
|
c. |
cephalocaudal pattern problem. |
|
d. |
proximodistal pattern problem. |
ANS:
B
PTS:
1
DIF: Moderate
REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to
Tango
OBJ: 3.1.4
KEY: Application
67.
Sickle-cell anemia, hemophilia, muscular dystrophy, and cystic
fibrosis are considered
|
a. |
genetic disorders. |
|
b. |
congenital problems. |
|
c. |
teratogens. |
|
d. |
endomorphic conditions. |
ANS:
A
PTS:
1
DIF: Moderate
REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to
Tango
OBJ: 3.1.4
KEY: Concept
68.
Which of the following is considered a congenital problem?
|
a. |
fetal alcohol syndrome |
|
b. |
sickle-cell anemia |
|
c. |
hemophilia |
|
d. |
muscular dystrophy |
ANS:
A
PTS:
1
DIF: Moderate
REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to
Tango
OBJ: 3.1.4
KEY: Concept
69.
A teratogen is
|
a. |
another name for a genetic defect. |
|
b. |
the cause of cystic fibrosis and
sickle-cell anemia. |
|
c. |
any substance capable of causing birth
defects. |
|
d. |
characterized by all of these. |
ANS:
C
PTS:
1
DIF: Moderate
REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to Tango
OBJ: 3.1.4
KEY: Concept
70.
Substances capable of causing birth defects are known as
|
a. |
carcinogens. |
|
b. |
teratogens. |
|
c. |
chorions. |
|
d. |
antigens. |
ANS:
B
PTS: 1
DIF: Moderate
REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to
Tango
OBJ: 3.1.4
KEY: Fact
71.
Regarding teratogens and birth defects, which of the following
statements is FALSE?
|
a. |
Radiation, lead, and pesticides are
considered teratogens. |
|
b. |
Cystic fibrosis, PKU, and hemophilia
are considered teratogens. |
|
c. |
Pregnant women do have direct control
over many teratogens. |
|
d. |
Repeated heavy drinking during
pregnancy is the most common cause of birth defects in the United States. |
ANS:
B
PTS:
1
DIF: Moderate
REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to
Tango
OBJ: 3.1.4
KEY: Fact
72.
Regarding teratogens, which of the following statements is TRUE?
|
a. |
It is impossible for alcohol and drugs
to be transmitted from mother to fetus since no direct intermixing of blood
takes place between a mother and her unborn child. |
|
b. |
Although no direct intermixing of blood
occurs, some substances, like drugs, do reach the fetus. |
|
c. |
A fetus may be exposed to drugs, but it
cannot become addicted. |
|
d. |
Pregnant women rarely have any direct
control over teratogens. |
ANS:
B
PTS: 1
DIF: Moderate
REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to
Tango
OBJ: 3.1.4
KEY: Concept
73.
Regarding teratogens, which of the following statements is
FALSE?
|
a. |
No direct intermixing of blood takes place
between a mother and her unborn child. |
|
b. |
If a mother is addicted to morphine,
heroin, or methadone, her baby may be born with an addiction. |
|
c. |
Children with fetal alcohol syndrome
are born with fluid on the brain and an abnormally large head. |
|
d. |
Children of smoking mothers score lower
on tests of language and mental ability. |
ANS:
C
PTS:
1
DIF: Easy
REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to
Tango
OBJ: 3.1.4
KEY: Fact
MSC: * (New Question)
74.
Fetal alcohol syndrome is characterized by
|
a. |
low birth weight, a small head, bodily
defects. |
|
b. |
an increased risk of developing
albinism. |
|
c. |
genetic defects. |
|
d. |
the newborn having fluid on the brain
and slight paralysis of the muscles of the extremities. |
ANS:
A
PTS:
1
DIF: Moderate
REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to
Tango
OBJ: 3.1.4
KEY: Fact
MSC: * (New Question)
75.
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of fetal alcohol
syndrome?
|
a. |
increased risk of developing
hemophilia. |
|
b. |
small head and facial malformations |
|
c. |
low birth weight |
|
d. |
emotional, behavior, and mental
handicaps |
ANS:
A
PTS:
1
DIF: Easy
REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to
Tango
OBJ: 3.1.4
KEY: Concept
76.
Considering what is known about the effects of alcohol on the
fetus, pregnant women should be advised to drink
|
a. |
alcoholic beverages according to their
own preference. |
|
b. |
hard liquor only, never beer or wine. |
|
c. |
wine and beer only, never hard liquor. |
|
d. |
no alcoholic beverages at all. |
ANS:
D
PTS:
1
DIF: Easy
REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to
Tango
OBJ: 3.1.4
KEY: Concept
77.
If a mother smokes heavily during pregnancy, it is more likely
that the infant will be born
|
a. |
with a cleft palate. |
|
b. |
premature and underweight. |
|
c. |
addicted to nicotine. |
|
d. |
with facial abnormalities. |
ANS:
B
PTS:
1
DIF: Easy
REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to Tango
OBJ: 3.1.4
KEY:
Concept MSC: www
78.
Smoking during pregnancy causes all of the following EXCEPT
|
a. |
a reduction in oxygen to the fetus. |
|
b. |
an increased risk of miscarriage and
prematurity. |
|
c. |
the occurrence of facial abnormalities. |
|
d. |
lowering the children’s language and
mental ability scores. |
ANS:
C
PTS:
1
DIF: Moderate
REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to
Tango
OBJ: 3.1.4
KEY: Concept
79.
Which of the following teratogens tends to greatly reduce oxygen
to the fetus, increase the risk of miscarriage, prematurity, and low birth
weight with surviving children showing lower scores on language and mental abilities
tests?
|
a. |
German measles |
|
b. |
maternal stress |
|
c. |
exposure to X-rays |
|
d. |
smoking by the mother |
ANS:
D
PTS:
1
DIF: Moderate
REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to Tango
OBJ: 3.1.4
KEY: Concept
80.
Babies of mothers who smoked heavily during pregnancy show all
of the following characteristics EXCEPT
|
a. |
being overweight. |
|
b. |
having lower scores on tests of
language and mental ability. |
|
c. |
being more likely to be miscarried or
to die soon after birth. |
|
d. |
receiving significantly less oxygen
during prenatal development. |
ANS:
A
PTS:
1
DIF: Moderate
REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to Tango
OBJ: 3.1.4
KEY: Concept
81.
Considering what is now known about the effects smoking on the
unborn, the best advice for the mother is to
|
a. |
smoke tobacco or marijuana in
moderation. |
|
b. |
smoke only tobacco, not marijuana. |
|
c. |
smoke marijuana occasionally, but not
tobacco. |
|
d. |
discontinue smoking tobacco and
marijuana. |
ANS:
D
PTS:
1
DIF: Easy
REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to Tango
OBJ: 3.1.4
KEY: Concept
82.
Regarding the effects of early experiences, which of the
following statements is FALSE?
|
a. |
Children who are abused may suffer
lifelong emotional problems. |
|
b. |
Extra care can sometimes reverse the
effects of a poor start in life. |
|
c. |
The time when children are more
susceptible to particular types of environmental influences is called the
zone of proximal development. |
|
d. |
Babies who do not hear normal speech
during their first year may have impaired lanaguage abilities. |
ANS:
C
PTS:
1
DIF: Moderate
REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to
Tango
OBJ: 3.1.5
KEY:
Concept MSC: * (New
Question)
83.
Sensitive periods refer to the
|
a. |
patterns of physical development from
conception to death. |
|
b. |
developmental sequence of one’s
temperament. |
|
c. |
years of aging characterized by marked
physiological and psychological deterioration. |
|
d. |
times when individuals are most
susceptible to certain environmental influences. |
ANS:
D
PTS:
1
DIF: Easy
REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to
Tango
OBJ: 3.1.5
KEY: Fact
84.
Sensitive periods in development
|
a. |
usually involve crises and conflict. |
|
b. |
are almost always characterized by
emotional upheaval. |
|
c. |
dramatic but temporary changes in
behavior. |
|
d. |
can permanently alter the course of
development. |
ANS: D
PTS:
1
DIF: Moderate
REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to
Tango
OBJ: 3.1.5
KEY: Concept
85.
A time during which certain events must take place for normal
development to occur is called a
|
a. |
maturational milestone. |
|
b. |
sensitive period. |
|
c. |
biological stage. |
|
d. |
period of motor primacy. |
ANS:
B
PTS:
1
DIF: Easy
REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to Tango
OBJ: 3.1.5
KEY: Fact
86.
If a woman has German measles during early pregnancy, her child
may be born with heart defects, cataracts, or hearing loss. If she has German
measles later in her pregnancy, the child would escape without damage. This
illustrates the importance of
|
a. |
sensitive periods. |
|
b. |
biological stages of development. |
|
c. |
maturational milestones. |
|
d. |
biopsychosocial crises. |
ANS:
A
PTS:
1
DIF: Moderate
REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to
Tango
OBJ: 3.1.5
KEY: Application MSC: * (New
Question)
87.
A child who does not form a loving bond during the first two
years of life tends to suffer impairment in their social development. This
statement emphasizes the importance of the
|
a. |
sensitive period. |
|
b. |
temperament state. |
|
c. |
zone of proximal development. |
|
d. |
genetic principles of development. |
ANS:
A
PTS: 1
DIF: Moderate
REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to
Tango
OBJ: 3.1.5
KEY: Application
88.
Baby Michael has normal hearing, but both of his parents are
deaf and use sign language to communicate. During Michael’s first year of life,
they enroll him in day care in order for Michael to hear normal speech
|
a. |
because the first year is a sensitive
period for learning to develop peer relationships. |
|
b. |
because the first year is a sensitive
period for language development. |
|
c. |
because there is no sensitive period
for language development, but a child must be exposed to normal speech at all
times. |
|
d. |
for none of these reasons. |
ANS:
B
PTS:
1
DIF: Moderate
REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to
Tango
OBJ: 3.1.5
KEY: Application
89.
A lack of normal stimulation, nutrition, comfort, or love is
referred to as
|
a. |
abuse. |
|
b. |
scaffolding. |
|
c. |
deprivation. |
|
d. |
rejection. |
ANS:
C
PTS:
1
DIF: Easy
REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to
Tango
OBJ: 3.1.6
KEY: Fact
90.
Deliberately making an environment more stimulating,
nutritional, comforting, and loving is referred to as
|
a. |
overindulgence. |
|
b. |
permissive love. |
|
c. |
psychological intervention. |
|
d. |
enrichment. |
ANS:
D
PTS:
1
DIF: Easy
REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to Tango
OBJ: 3.1.6
KEY: Fact
91.
Poverty is to deprivation as early childhood stimulation is to
|
a. |
imprinting. |
|
b. |
enrichment. |
|
c. |
assimilation. |
|
d. |
vicarious learning. |
ANS:
B
PTS: 1
DIF: Moderate
REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to
Tango
OBJ:
3.1.6
KEY: Concept
92.
When nine-year-old Jenny was found by social workers in the
attic of her family’s home, she looked more like a five-year-old physically,
was mute, retarded, and emotionally damaged. Jenny most likely experienced
|
a. |
too much sensory stimulation. |
|
b. |
a restricted environment. |
|
c. |
exposure to carcinogens. |
|
d. |
a psychological enriched environment. |
ANS:
B
PTS:
1
DIF: Easy
REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to
Tango
OBJ: 3.1.6
KEY: Application
93.
Poverty has been shown to affect
|
a. |
a child’s health with poor children
being sick more often. |
|
b. |
a child’s socioemotional development. |
|
c. |
a child’s cognitive development. |
|
d. |
all of these. |
ANS:
D
PTS:
1
DIF: Easy
REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to
Tango
OBJ: 3.1.6
KEY: Fact
94.
Due to financial difficulties, Damon’s parents have difficulty
paying rent and utilities, buying nutritious food, and taking their children to
the doctor or dentist when needed. These parents often verbally argue with each
other over their financial problems, which also affects their relationship with
their children. Although Damon and his siblings would love to have a computer,
they know this will never be possible. According to research, a home situation,
such as the one described, has been shown
|
a. |
to affect the child’s physical health
with the child being sick more often. |
|
b. |
not to affect a child’s cognitive
development. |
|
c. |
not to affect a child’s socioemotional
development. |
|
d. |
to have short-term effects, but not to
lead to a cycle of continued poverty as an adult. |
ANS:
A
PTS:
1
DIF: Easy
REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to Tango
OBJ: 3.1.6
KEY: Application MSC: * (New
Question)
95.
Regarding the effects of poverty, which of the following
statements is FALSE?
|
a. |
The stresses of poverty have not been
shown to lead to marital problems or to less positive parenting. |
|
b. |
Poverty can affect a child’s physical
and cognitive development. |
|
c. |
Extreme cases of poverty and emotional
turmoil can increase the risk of mental illness and delinquent behavior. |
|
d. |
Adults who grew up in poverty often remain
trapped in a vicious cycle of continued poverty. |
ANS:
A
PTS:
1
DIF: Easy
REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to
Tango
OBJ: 3.1.6
KEY:
Fact
MSC: * (New Question)
96.
Rats that were raised in the enriched cage environments
|
a. |
had smaller, lighter brains. |
|
b. |
had brains with a thinner cortex. |
|
c. |
were superior at learning mazes. |
|
d. |
exhibited all of these characteristics. |
ANS: C
PTS:
1
DIF: Moderate
REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to
Tango
OBJ: 3.1.6
KEY: Fact
97.
Rats that were raised in enriched environments showed all of the
following characteristics EXCEPT for
|
a. |
having a larger brain. |
|
b. |
having a brain with a thicker cortex. |
|
c. |
being superior at learning mazes. |
|
d. |
becoming more docile and less
aggressive. |
ANS:
D
PTS: 1
DIF: Moderate
REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to
Tango
OBJ: 3.1.6
KEY:
Fact
MSC: * (New Question)
98.
Rats raised in environments that had cages decorated with
colorful patterns and filled with platforms, ladders, and cubbyholes
|
a. |
became confused and withdrawn. |
|
b. |
became more aggressive and territorial
in their behavior. |
|
c. |
developed a larger, heavier brain with
a thicker cortex. |
|
d. |
were no different in physical or behavioral
characteristics than the rats raised in the standard laboratory cages. |
ANS:
C
PTS:
1
DIF: Moderate
REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to
Tango
OBJ: 3.1.6
KEY:
Fact
MSC: * (New Question)
99.
Which of the following would NOT be part of an enriched
environment for children?
|
a. |
child-proofing the house to allow the
child to actively explore his or her surroundings |
|
b. |
limiting what a child can touch in
order to present these sensations systematically |
|
c. |
surrounding babies with colors, music,
people, and things to see, taste, smell, and touch |
|
d. |
responsive parents noticing what holds
a child’s attention |
ANS: B
PTS:
1
DIF: Easy
REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to
Tango
OBJ: 3.1.6
KEY: Concept
100.
The limits that one’s environment places on the effects of
heredity is referred to as the
|
a. |
reaction range. |
|
b. |
maturation limit. |
|
c. |
zone of proximal development. |
|
d. |
secular trend. |
ANS:
A
PTS:
1
DIF: Moderate
REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to Tango
OBJ: 3.1.7
KEY: Fact
101.
If Amy was born with genes for a normal level of intelligence
and grew up in a deprived environment, she might end up with a lower than
average adult intelligence. Thus, Amy’s environment put limits on the effects
of one’s genetic potential, which illustrates the
|
a. |
reaction range. |
|
b. |
maturation limit. |
|
c. |
zone of proximal development. |
|
d. |
secular trend. |
ANS:
A
PTS:
1
DIF: Moderate
REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to
Tango
OBJ: 3.1.7
KEY: Application
102.
Jason was born with a genetic potential for above average
musical ability. However, due to his family’s poverty, Jason grew up in a
musically-deprived environment, which prevented Jason from developing his
potential. Thus, Jason’s environment determined his developmental path in
music, illustrating the concept of the
|
a. |
reaction range. |
|
b. |
maturation limit. |
|
c. |
zone of proximal development. |
|
d. |
secular trend. |
ANS:
A
PTS:
1
DIF: Moderate
REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to
Tango
OBJ: 3.1.7
KEY: Application
103.
Growing infants influence their parents’ behavior at the same
time they are changed by it. This illustrates
|
a. |
reciprocal influences. |
|
b. |
the secular trend in behavior. |
|
c. |
genetic predispositions. |
|
d. |
the zone of proximal development. |
ANS:
A
PTS: 1
DIF: Moderate
REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to
Tango
OBJ: 3.1.8
KEY: Concept
104.
When a psychologist describes the reciprocal influences between
parent and child, the psychologist is stating that
|
a. |
a child’s temperament plays the most
important role in development. |
|
b. |
parenting behavior plays the most
important role in development. |
|
c. |
there is an interaction between a
child’s temperament and parenting behaviors. |
|
d. |
the nature-nurture controversy will
never be resolved. |
ANS:
C
PTS:
1
DIF: Easy
REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to
Tango
OBJ: 3.1.8
KEY:
Concept MSC: * (New Question)
105.
Jana is an easy baby who smiles and vocalizes frequently, which
encourages her parents to smile and talk to her more. This, in turn, causes
Jana to smile and interact with her parents more. This illustrates
|
a. |
reciprocal influences. |
|
b. |
genetic predispositions. |
|
c. |
a parental behavior that would occur
even if Jana had a difficult temperament. |
|
d. |
all of these. |
ANS:
A
PTS:
1
DIF: Moderate
REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to Tango
OBJ: 3.1.8
KEY: Application
106.
Josh is a difficult baby who cries and is hard to console, which
makes his parents unhappy and elicits negative parenting. This, in turn, causes
Josh to cry more frequently. This illustrates
|
a. |
reciprocal influences. |
|
b. |
genetic predispositions. |
|
c. |
a parental behavior that would occur
even if Josh had an easy temperament. |
|
d. |
all of these. |
ANS:
A
PTS:
1
DIF: Moderate
REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to
Tango
OBJ: 3.1.8
KEY: Application
107.
Temperament refers to
|
a. |
the pattern of physical development
from conception to death. |
|
b. |
the inherited, physical core of one’s
personality. |
|
c. |
the years of aging characterized by
marked physiological and psychological deterioration. |
|
d. |
a period of increased sensitivity to
environmental influences. |
ANS:
B
PTS:
1
DIF: Moderate
REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to
Tango
OBJ: 3.1.8
KEY: Fact
108.
Studies by Kagan, Thomas, and Chess indicate that newborn
infants differ in activity, irritability, and other aspects of
|
a. |
intelligence. |
|
b. |
physical development. |
|
c. |
temperament. |
|
d. |
aggressiveness. |
ANS:
C
PTS:
1
DIF: Moderate
REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to
Tango
OBJ: 3.1.8
KEY: Fact
109.
The physical core of personality, including emotional and
perceptual sensitivity, energy levels, and typical mood is referred to as one’s
|
a. |
crystallized intelligence. |
|
b. |
temperament. |
|
c. |
senescence. |
|
d. |
attachment style. |
ANS:
B
PTS: 1
DIF: Moderate
REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to
Tango
OBJ: 3.1.8
KEY:
Fact
MSC: * (New Question)
110.
The existence of easy, difficult, and slow-to-warm-up children
is considered evidence for
|
a. |
early critical periods in development. |
|
b. |
lasting effects of the intrauterine
environment. |
|
c. |
affective needs in infancy. |
|
d. |
hereditary differences in temperament. |
ANS:
D
PTS: 1
DIF: Moderate
REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to
Tango
OBJ: 3.1.8
KEY: Concept
111.
According to Thomas and Chess, 40 percent of children display
the most common type of temperament, which is the __________ temperament.
|
a. |
easy |
|
b. |
difficult |
|
c. |
slow-to-warm-up |
|
d. |
generic |
ANS:
A
PTS:
1
DIF: Moderate
REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to Tango
OBJ: 3.1.8
KEY: Fact
112.
According to Thomas and Chess, the smallest percentage of
children (10 percent) display what type of temperament?
|
a. |
easy |
|
b. |
difficult |
|
c. |
slow-to-warm-up |
|
d. |
generic |
ANS: B
PTS:
1
DIF: Moderate
REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to
Tango
OBJ: 3.1.8
KEY: Fact
113.
Easy children
|
a. |
are restrained and unexpressive. |
|
b. |
are relaxed and agreeable. |
|
c. |
are moody and intense. |
|
d. |
tend to overreact to stimulation. |
ANS:
B
PTS:
1
DIF: Easy
REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to
Tango
OBJ: 3.1.8
KEY: Fact
114.
Joey’s mother was amazed by her two-year-old son. He was a very
friendly, agreeable child who always seemed to be relaxed and in a good mood.
Thomas and Chess would describe Joey as a(n) __________ child.
|
a. |
easy |
|
b. |
extroverted |
|
c. |
positive |
|
d. |
power assertive |
ANS:
A
PTS:
1
DIF: Moderate
REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to
Tango
OBJ: 3.1.8
KEY: Application
115.
With regard to temperament, “difficult children”
|
a. |
are restrained and unexpressive in
their behavior. |
|
b. |
tend to be excessively shy. |
|
c. |
are moody, intense, and easily angered. |
|
d. |
do not fit neatly into any single
category. |
ANS:
C
PTS:
1
DIF: Moderate
REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to
Tango
OBJ: 3.1.8
KEY: Fact
116.
From an early age, Justin tended to be a very moody child, who
reacted intensely, often angrily, to most situations. Thomas and Chess would
describe Justin as a(n) __________ child.
|
a. |
easy |
|
b. |
slow-to-warm-up |
|
c. |
spoiled |
|
d. |
difficult |
ANS:
D
PTS:
1
DIF: Moderate
REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to Tango
OBJ: 3.1.8
KEY: Application
117.
Slow-to-warm-up children
|
a. |
are restrained and unexpressive. |
|
b. |
are relaxed and agreeable. |
|
c. |
are moody and intense. |
|
d. |
tend to get over disappointment and
anger very slowly. |
ANS:
A
PTS:
1
DIF: Moderate
REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to
Tango
OBJ: 3.1.8
KEY: Fact
118.
Helen’s mother took three-year-old Helen to a birthday party in
the neighborhood. Although her mother encouraged her to play with the other
children, Helen did not say a word to any child but sat quietly by her mother
watching the other children. Thomas and Chess would probably describe Helen as
a(n) __________ child.
|
a. |
easy |
|
b. |
slow-to-warm-up |
|
c. |
difficult |
|
d. |
immature |
ANS:
B
PTS:
1
DIF: Moderate
REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to
Tango
OBJ: 3.1.8
KEY: Application
119.
Forty percent of all newborns are classified as easy children,
ten percent are classified as difficult, and about 15 percent are classified as
slow-to-warm-up. How are the remaining 35 percent classified?
|
a. |
restrained-unexpressive |
|
b. |
intensely shy or intensely moody |
|
c. |
moderately easy |
|
d. |
as not fitting into a single category |
ANS:
D
PTS:
1
DIF: Moderate
REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to
Tango
OBJ: 3.1.8
KEY: Fact
120.
The concept of a dynamic interaction between parents and
children is best illustrated by the fact that babies
|
a. |
control their own development. |
|
b. |
are active participants in their
development. |
|
c. |
are controlled in their development by
parents. |
|
d. |
control their physical but not social
development. |
ANS:
B
PTS:
1
DIF: Moderate
REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to
Tango
OBJ: 3.1.8
KEY: Concept
121.
Jeannette was an extremely shy child when she was two years old.
However, by age five she was only mildly shy. This illustrates that
|
a. |
inherited temperaments do not last
after infancy. |
|
b. |
inherited temperaments are lasting and
cannot be modified by learning. |
|
c. |
inherited temperament can be
dynamically modified by learning. |
|
d. |
shyness was not really a part of her
temperament. |
ANS:
C
PTS:
1
DIF: Moderate
REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to Tango
OBJ: 3.1.8
KEY: Application
122.
Simone was a moderately shy infant whose very extroverted
parents rarely gave her time to adapt to a new social situation before
thrusting her into another one. This style of parenting led Simone to become an
extremely shy child as she entered school. This illustrates that
|
a. |
nurture is more important than nature. |
|
b. |
nature is more important than nurture. |
|
c. |
inherited temperaments can be
dynamically modified by learning, even negatively. |
|
d. |
shyness is a lasting trait that cannot
be modified by experience or learning. |
ANS:
C
PTS:
1
DIF: Moderate
REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to Tango
OBJ: 3.1.8
KEY: Application
123.
Regarding children’s development, which of the following
statements is TRUE?
|
a. |
Children can help shape their own
development through their actions. |
|
b. |
It is impossible to overcome early
environmental influences. |
|
c. |
Our inherited traits are what dictate
who we become. |
|
d. |
Our own behavior plays no role in the
influences of nature and nurture. |
ANS:
A
PTS:
1
DIF: Moderate
REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to
Tango
OBJ: 3.1.8
KEY: Concept
124.
A person’s developmental level refers to that person’s
|
a. |
current state of physical, emotional,
and intellectual development. |
|
b. |
past state of health and physical
development. |
|
c. |
future capabilities and potentials
regarding intellectual development. |
|
d. |
future status in all developmental
areas based on past measurements of health and well-being. |
ANS: A
PTS:
1
DIF: Moderate
REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to
Tango
OBJ: 3.1.9
KEY:
Fact
MSC: * (New Question)
125.
According to your textbook, a person’s developmental level is
determined by heredity, environment, and
|
a. |
nurture. |
|
b. |
activity level. |
|
c. |
the individual’s own behavior. |
|
d. |
inborn potential. |
ANS:
C
PTS:
1
DIF: Moderate
REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to
Tango
OBJ: 3.1.9
KEY: Fact
126.
At any stage of life, heredity, environment, and the person’s
individual behavior are the three factors that determine one’s
|
a. |
accommodation level. |
|
b. |
developmental level. |
|
c. |
scaffolding level. |
|
d. |
temperament. |
ANS:
B
PTS:
1
DIF: Moderate
REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to
Tango
OBJ: 3.1.9
KEY: Fact
127.
At any stage of life, the three factors that combine to
determine a person’s developmental level are
|
a. |
heredity, cognitive style, and social
grouping. |
|
b. |
heredity, environment, and cognitive
style. |
|
c. |
environment, cognitive style, and the
person’s own behavior. |
|
d. |
heredity, environment, and the person’s
own behavior. |
ANS:
D
PTS:
1
DIF: Moderate
REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to
Tango
OBJ: 3.1.9
KEY: Fact
128.
A newborn infant during the first weeks following birth is
called a(n)
|
a. |
embryo. |
|
b. |
neonate. |
|
c. |
zygote. |
|
d. |
fetus. |
ANS:
B
PTS:
1
DIF: Easy
REF: The Newborn-More Than Meets the Eye
OBJ: 3.2.1
KEY: Fact
129.
Which of the following statements best describes the
capabilities of the neonate?
|
a. |
Neonates can lift their heads and
completely turn over. |
|
b. |
Neonates are unresponsive to pain and
touch. |
|
c. |
Neonates have less acute senses, but
are very responsive. |
|
d. |
Neonates have very acute senses, but
are not yet responsive. |
ANS:
C
PTS:
1
DIF: Moderate
REF: The Newborn-More Than Meets the Eye
OBJ: 3.2.1
KEY: Fact
130.
Regarding the characteristics and capabilities of the neonate,
which of the following statements is FALSE?
|
a. |
The emergence of physical and mental
capabilities is closely related to the maturation of the neonate’s brain,
nervous system, and body. |
|
b. |
A baby’s early emotional life unfolds
on a timetable that is largely controlled by maturation. |
|
c. |
A neonate will follow a moving object
with his or her eyes and will turn in the direction of sounds. |
|
d. |
Neonates can lift their heads and
completely turn over. |
ANS:
D
PTS:
1
DIF: Moderate
REF: The Newborn-More Than Meets the
Eye
OBJ: 3.2.1
KEY: Fact
131.
The grasping, rooting, and sucking reflexes of infants are best
described as
|
a. |
fixed action patterns. |
|
b. |
instincts. |
|
c. |
conditioned reflexes. |
|
d. |
adaptive reflexes. |
ANS:
D
PTS:
1
DIF: Moderate
REF: The Newborn-More Than Meets the Eye
OBJ: 3.2.2
KEY: Fact
132.
Bobby touches his newborn brother’s palm and his little brother
takes hold of Bobby’s finger and will not let go. This is known as the
__________ reflex.
|
a. |
grasping |
|
b. |
rooting |
|
c. |
Babinski |
|
d. |
Moro |
ANS:
A
PTS:
1
DIF: Easy
REF: The Newborn-More Than Meets the
Eye
OBJ: 3.2.2
KEY: Application
133.
Which of the following is an adaptive infant reflex that is
elicited by pressing an object into the neonate’s palm and aids the neonate’s
survival by helping him or her to avoid falling?
|
a. |
Moro reflex |
|
b. |
rooting reflex |
|
c. |
Babinski reflex |
|
d. |
grasping reflex |
ANS:
D
PTS: 1
DIF: Easy
REF: The Newborn-More Than Meets the
Eye
OBJ: 3.2.2
KEY:
Fact
MSC: * (New Question)
134.
Regarding the grasping reflex, which of the following statements
is FALSE?
|
a. |
The grasping reflex is considered an
adaptive infant reflex. |
|
b. |
The grasping reflex aids survival by
helping infants avoid falling. |
|
c. |
The grasping reflex is elicited for the
first time as a baby attempts to stand by holding onto objects. |
|
d. |
The grasping reflex can be so strong
that many infants can hang froma raised bar, like little trapeze artists. |
ANS:
C
PTS:
1
DIF: Easy
REF: The Newborn-More Than Meets the Eye
OBJ: 3.2.2
KEY:
Concept MSC: * (New
Question)
135.
If touched on the cheek, neonates will turn their head in that
direction. This is called the
|
a. |
Moro reflex. |
|
b. |
rooting reflex. |
|
c. |
orientation response. |
|
d. |
Babinski response. |
ANS:
B
PTS:
1
DIF: Moderate
REF: The Newborn-More Than Meets the
Eye
OBJ: 3.2.2
KEY: Fact
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