Fundamentals of Human Physiology 1st Edition by Stuart Ira Fox – Test Bank
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Sample
Test
Chapter 03
3
Student: ___________________________________________________________________________
1. Phagocytosis is a nonspecific bulk transport process in which the plasma
membrane furrows inward.
True False
2. Receptor-mediated endocytosis would allow cells to selectively remove
molecules from the extra cellular
fluid.
True False
3. Intake of a specific molecule from the extra cellular compartment by a cell
occurs through
A. Phagocytosis
B. Exocytosis
C. Receptor-mediated endocytosis
D. Apoptosis
4. Release of neurotransmitters occurs via
A. Exocytosis
B. Endocytosis
C. Phagocytosis
D. Pinocytosis
5. Osmosis and simple diffusion do not require the actions of carrier proteins.
True False
6. Active transport proceeds when energy is expended.
True False
7. ____________________ is a term which describes a membrane that allows only
certain molecules to
penetrate it.
A. Selectively permeable
B. Permeable
C. Porous
D. Membrane potential
8. ____________ transport does not require membrane proteins.
A. Facilitated diffusion
B. Bulk
C. Simple diffusion
D. Active
9. Passive transport of water is known as
A. Filtration
B. Osmosis
C. Facilitated diffusion
D. A water pump
10. Active transport
A. Utilizes energy
B. Cannot transport molecules against a concentration gradient
C. Cannot be saturated
D. Can transport only one ion in one direction
11. Simple diffusion is the net diffusion of a solvent.
True False
12. The process in which waste molecules are removed from the blood by having
them diffuse through an
artificial porous membrane is called dialysis.
True False
13. A solution consists of a ____________ which dissolves the ______________.
A. Solvent; solute
B. Solvent; solid
C. Solute; solvent
D. Solid; liquid
14. Dialysis uses the process of
A. Facilitated diffusion
B. Primary active transport
C. Simple diffusion
D. Secondary active transport
15. Gas exchange between the cells and extra cellular fluid utilizes active
transport.
True False
16. Hydrophobic molecules usually enter a cell via ____________.
A. Osmosis
B. Active transport
C. Diffusion
D. Protein channels
17. Individuals suffering from cystic fibrosis have defective ____________ ion
channels.
A. Sodium
B. Potassium
C. Calcium
D. Chloride
18. Channels present in the membranes of some cells that allow rapid movement
of water are called
A. Water tubes
B. Aqueducts
C. Aquaporins
D. Streams
19. Which of the following is able to passively penetrate the plasma membrane?
A. O2
B. Small charged particles
C. Large polar molecules
D. All of these choices are correct
20. Ion channels that can be opened by physiological stimuli are said to be
A. Polar
B. Aquaporins
C. Hypertonic
D. Gated
21. The rate of diffusion increases as the concentration gradient increases.
True False
22. Diffusion is more rapid in cells with microvilli compared to cells lacking
microvilli.
True False
23. The rate of diffusion is influenced by
A. The concentration gradient
B. Membrane permeability
C. Membrane surface area
D. All of these choices are correct
24. The osmotic pressure of a solution is directly related to its ___________
concentration.
A. Water
B. Solute
C. Solvent
D. Matrix
25. Hypertonic solutions stimulate cellular lysis.
True False
26. A 10% dextrose solution is isotonic to plasma.
True False
27. Cells placed in hypotonic solutions will
A. Decrease in volume
B. Increase intracellular solute concentration
C. Increase in volume
D. Lose water to the solution
28. Which of the following cells do not normally have many aquaporins in their
plasma membranes?
A. Kidneys
B. Lungs
C. Salivary glands
D. Skin
29. Protein carrier mediated transport of molecules display
A. Specificity
B. Competition
C. Saturation
D. All of these choices are correct
30. The transport maximum is related to the property known as
A. Competition
B. Saturation
C. Specificity
D. Inhibition
31. Glucose entry into the cell is by facilitated diffusion.
True False
32. Facilitated diffusion is unable to transport molecules against a
concentration gradient.
True False
33. Facilitated diffusion of a molecule into a cell would be more rapid if
A. The concentration of the molecule in the cell increased
B. The concentration of water in the cell decreased
C. The concentration of the molecule outside the cell increased
D. The cell was isotonic
34. Active transport proteins are often regulated by phosphorylation.
True False
35. The Na+/K+ pump transports _______ into the cell and ________ out of the
cell per cycle.
A. 3Na+; 2K+
B. 2Na+; 3K+
C. 3K+; 2Na+
D. 2K+; 3Na+
36. The Na+/K+ pump
A. Is an example of primary active transport
B. Generates a positive membrane potential
C. Actively transports 2 potassium ions out of the cell
D. Actively transports 3 sodium ions into the cell
37. This is true of oral rehydration therapy.
A. It is used to treat severe diarrhea
B. The presence of glucose aids the intestinal absorption of Na+ and water
C. It saves more than a million small children per year
D. All of these choices are correct
38. Bulk transport is required for the transport of large polar molecules into
or out of cells.
True False
39. Inhibition of receptor-mediated endocytosis
A. Could induce hypercholesteremia
B. Could induce diabetes mellitus
C. Could prevent diabetes mellitus
D. Could prevent heart disease
40. The charge difference across a membrane produces the membrane potential.
True False
41. The Na+/K+ pump creates a ____________ charge inside the cell.
A. Positive
B. Negative
42. Hyperkalemia would ____________ the resting membrane potential of the cell.
A. Increase
B. Decrease
C. Have no effect on
43. Most cells have a resting membrane potential between
A. +60 mV and –90 mV
B. –60 mV and –90 mV
C. –65 mV and –85 mV
D. +65 mV and +90 mV
44. The Na+/K+ pump
A. Establishes equilibrium concentrations of sodium and potassium ions
B. Is an electrogenic pump
C. Is an example of secondary active transport
D. Interferes with glucose transport
45. Which of the following is NOT a general category of cell signaling
molecules?
A. Endocrine signaling
B. Enzymatic signaling
C. Paracrine signaling
D. Synaptic signaling
46. Endocytosis produces vesicles containing extra cellular material.
True False
47. Membrane transport processes are always passive.
True False
48. Facilitated diffusion uses carrier proteins to transport molecules
actively.
True False
49. Inorganic ions diffuse through protein channels in the plasma membrane.
True False
50. Active transport carriers pump down the concentration gradient.
True False
3 Key
1. Phagocytosis is a nonspecific bulk transport process in which the plasma
membrane furrows
inward.
FALSE
Fox – Chapter 03 #1
2. Receptor-mediated endocytosis would allow cells to selectively remove
molecules from the extra
cellular fluid.
FALSE
Fox – Chapter 03 #2
3. Intake of a specific molecule from the extra cellular compartment by a cell
occurs through
A. Phagocytosis
B. Exocytosis
C. Receptor-mediated endocytosis
D. Apoptosis
Fox – Chapter 03 #3
4. Release of neurotransmitters occurs via
A. Exocytosis
B. Endocytosis
C. Phagocytosis
D. Pinocytosis
Fox – Chapter 03 #4
5. Osmosis and simple diffusion do not require the actions of carrier proteins.
TRUE
Fox – Chapter 03 #5
6. Active transport proceeds when energy is expended.
TRUE
Fox – Chapter 03 #6
7. ____________________ is a term which describes a membrane that allows only
certain molecules to
penetrate it.
A. Selectively permeable
B. Permeable
C. Porous
D. Membrane potential
Fox – Chapter 03 #7
8. ____________ transport does not require membrane proteins.
A. Facilitated diffusion
B. Bulk
C. Simple diffusion
D. Active
Fox – Chapter 03 #8
9. Passive transport of water is known as
A. Filtration
B. Osmosis
C. Facilitated diffusion
D. A water pump
Fox – Chapter 03 #9
10. Active transport
A. Utilizes energy
B. Cannot transport molecules against a concentration gradient
C. Cannot be saturated
D. Can transport only one ion in one direction
Fox – Chapter 03 #10
11. Simple diffusion is the net diffusion of a solvent.
FALSE
Fox – Chapter 03 #11
12. The process in which waste molecules are removed from the blood by having
them diffuse through an
artificial porous membrane is called dialysis.
FALSE
Fox – Chapter 03 #12
13. A solution consists of a ____________ which dissolves the ______________.
A. Solvent; solute
B. Solvent; solid
C. Solute; solvent
D. Solid; liquid
Fox – Chapter 03 #13
14. Dialysis uses the process of
A. Facilitated diffusion
B. Primary active transport
C. Simple diffusion
D. Secondary active transport
Fox – Chapter 03 #14
15. Gas exchange between the cells and extra cellular fluid utilizes active
transport.
FALSE
Fox – Chapter 03 #15
16. Hydrophobic molecules usually enter a cell via ____________.
A. Osmosis
B. Active transport
C. Diffusion
D. Protein channels
Fox – Chapter 03 #16
17. Individuals suffering from cystic fibrosis have defective ____________ ion
channels.
A. Sodium
B. Potassium
C. Calcium
D. Chloride
Fox – Chapter 03 #17
18. Channels present in the membranes of some cells that allow rapid movement
of water are called
A. Water tubes
B. Aqueducts
C. Aquaporins
D. Streams
Fox – Chapter 03 #18
19. Which of the following is able to passively penetrate the plasma membrane?
A. O2
B. Small charged particles
C. Large polar molecules
D. All of these choices are correct
Fox – Chapter 03 #19
20. Ion channels that can be opened by physiological stimuli are said to be
A. Polar
B. Aquaporins
C. Hypertonic
D. Gated
Fox – Chapter 03 #20
21. The rate of diffusion increases as the concentration gradient increases.
TRUE
Fox – Chapter 03 #21
22. Diffusion is more rapid in cells with microvilli compared to cells lacking
microvilli.
TRUE
Fox – Chapter 03 #22
23. The rate of diffusion is influenced by
A. The concentration gradient
B. Membrane permeability
C. Membrane surface area
D. All of these choices are correct
Fox – Chapter 03 #23
24. The osmotic pressure of a solution is directly related to its ___________
concentration.
A. Water
B. Solute
C. Solvent
D. Matrix
Fox – Chapter 03 #24
25. Hypertonic solutions stimulate cellular lysis.
FALSE
Fox – Chapter 03 #25
26. A 10% dextrose solution is isotonic to plasma.
FALSE
Fox – Chapter 03 #26
27. Cells placed in hypotonic solutions will
A. Decrease in volume
B. Increase intracellular solute concentration
C. Increase in volume
D. Lose water to the solution
Fox – Chapter 03 #27
28. Which of the following cells do not normally have many aquaporins in their
plasma membranes?
A. Kidneys
B. Lungs
C. Salivary glands
D. Skin
Fox – Chapter 03 #28
29. Protein carrier mediated transport of molecules display
A. Specificity
B. Competition
C. Saturation
D. All of these choices are correct
Fox – Chapter 03 #29
30. The transport maximum is related to the property known as
A. Competition
B. Saturation
C. Specificity
D. Inhibition
Fox – Chapter 03 #30
31. Glucose entry into the cell is by facilitated diffusion.
TRUE
Fox – Chapter 03 #31
32. Facilitated diffusion is unable to transport molecules against a
concentration gradient.
TRUE
Fox – Chapter 03 #32
33. Facilitated diffusion of a molecule into a cell would be more rapid if
A. The concentration of the molecule in the cell increased
B. The concentration of water in the cell decreased
C. The concentration of the molecule outside the cell increased
D. The cell was isotonic
Fox – Chapter 03 #33
34. Active transport proteins are often regulated by phosphorylation.
TRUE
Fox – Chapter 03 #34
35. The Na+/K+ pump transports _______ into the cell and ________ out of the
cell per cycle.
A. 3Na+; 2K+
B. 2Na+; 3K+
C. 3K+; 2Na+
D. 2K+; 3Na+
Fox – Chapter 03 #35
36. The Na+/K+ pump
A. Is an example of primary active transport
B. Generates a positive membrane potential
C. Actively transports 2 potassium ions out of the cell
D. Actively transports 3 sodium ions into the cell
Fox – Chapter 03 #36
37. This is true of oral rehydration therapy.
A. It is used to treat severe diarrhea
B. The presence of glucose aids the intestinal absorption of Na+ and water
C. It saves more than a million small children per year
D. All of these choices are correct
Fox – Chapter 03 #37
38. Bulk transport is required for the transport of large polar molecules into
or out of cells.
TRUE
Fox – Chapter 03 #38
39. Inhibition of receptor-mediated endocytosis
A. Could induce hypercholesteremia
B. Could induce diabetes mellitus
C. Could prevent diabetes mellitus
D. Could prevent heart disease
Fox – Chapter 03 #39
40. The charge difference across a membrane produces the membrane potential.
TRUE
Fox – Chapter 03 #40
41. The Na+/K+ pump creates a ____________ charge inside the cell.
A. Positive
B. Negative
Fox – Chapter 03 #41
42. Hyperkalemia would ____________ the resting membrane potential of the cell.
A. Increase
B. Decrease
C. Have no effect on
Fox – Chapter 03 #42
43. Most cells have a resting membrane potential between
A. +60 mV and –90 mV
B. –60 mV and –90 mV
C. –65 mV and –85 mV
D. +65 mV and +90 mV
Fox – Chapter 03 #43
44. The Na+/K+ pump
A. Establishes equilibrium concentrations of sodium and potassium ions
B. Is an electrogenic pump
C. Is an example of secondary active transport
D. Interferes with glucose transport
Fox – Chapter 03 #44
45. Which of the following is NOT a general category of cell signaling
molecules?
A. Endocrine signaling
B. Enzymatic signaling
C. Paracrine signaling
D. Synaptic signaling
Fox – Chapter 03 #45
46. Endocytosis produces vesicles containing extra cellular material.
TRUE
Fox – Chapter 03 #46
47. Membrane transport processes are always passive.
FALSE
Fox – Chapter 03 #47
48. Facilitated diffusion uses carrier proteins to transport molecules
actively.
FALSE
Fox – Chapter 03 #48
49. Inorganic ions diffuse through protein channels in the plasma membrane.
TRUE
Fox – Chapter 03 #49
50. Active transport carriers pump down the concentration gradient.
FALSE
Fox – Chapter 03 #50
3 Summary
Category # of Questions
Fox – Chapter 03 50
Chapter 04
4
Student:
___________________________________________________________________________
1. The nerve is the basic structural and functional unit of the nervous system.
True False
2. The brain and spinal cord comprise the
A. Central nervous system
B. Peripheral nervous system
C. Peripheral ganglia
D. Spinal nerves
3. Ganglia are clusters of nerve cell bodies located in the periphery.
True False
4. Sensory nerves regulate muscle contraction.
True False
5. Most motor neurons are multipolar.
True False
6. Sensory neurons
A. Are multipolar and carry impulses toward the CNS
B. Are pseudounipolar and carry impulses toward the CNS
C. Are bipolar and carry impulses away from the CNS
D. Are multipolar and carry impulses away from the CNS
7. Which of the following is NOT a structural classification of neurons?
A. Motor neuron
B. Bipolar neuron
C. Multipolar neuron
D. Pseudomultipolar neuron
8. Which of the following is NOT a functional classification of neurons?
A. Motor or efferent
B. Interneuron or association
C. Multipolar
D. Sensory or afferent
9. A nerve is a bundle of axons in the CNS.
True False
10. Schwann cells and oligodendrocytes have similar functions.
True False
11. The myelin sheaths of CNS neurons are produced by
A. Schwann cells
B. Oligodendrocytes
C. Ependymal cells
D. Leukocytes
12. Cells supporting neuron cell bodies in ganglia are termed
A. Astrocytes
B. Ependymal cells
C. Satellite cells
D. Schwann cells
13. Recent evidence indicates that ____________ cells which line the ventricles
may function as neural stem
cells.
A. Ependymal
B. Microglial
C. Astrocyte
D. Schwann
14. Destruction of astrocytes would decrease the rate at which action
potentials are transmitted.
True False
15. Myelinated axons transmit action potentials more rapidly than unmyelinated
axons.
True False
16. Action potential transmission in the PNS is decreased if which cells are
damaged?
A. Astrocytes
B. Microglia
C. Oligodendrocytes
D. Schwann cells
17. White matter is
A. Myelinated axons in the CNS
B. Myelinated axons in the PNS
C. Nonmyelinated cell bodies and dendrites in the CNS
D. Nonmyelinated axons in the CNS
18. The gap of exposed axon in the myelin sheath is the
A. Neurilemma
B. Node of Ranvier
C. Sheath of Schwann
D. White matter
19. The disease ______________ is characterized by destruction of CNS myelin
sheaths and the formation of
hardened scars.
A. Parkinson’s
B. Alzheimer’s
C. Multiple sclerosis
D. Myasthenia gravis
20. Excitable cells are incapable of maintaining a constant resting membrane
potential.
True False
21. Cells become more negative during hyper polarization.
True False
22. The membrane of resting nerve cells is more permeable to ____________ ions
than ____________
ions.
A. Sodium; potassium
B. Calcium; potassium
C. Potassium; sodium
D. Chloride; potassium
23. Nerve cells depolarize due to the influx of K+.
True False
24. Blocking ____________ channels would prevent neuronal depolarization.
A. K+
B. Cl–
C. Na+
D. Mg2+
25. During an action potential
A. Na+ efflux causes depolarization
B. K+ influx causes repolarization
C. Na+ influx causes depolarization
D. K+ influx causes after-hyper polarization
26. Action potential frequency encodes stimulus intensity.
True False
27. During the absolute refractory period a supramaximal stimulus can bring the
cell to threshold.
True False
28. The period of time when Na+ channels are recovering from their inactive
state and K+ channels are still
open is the
A. Repolarization
B. Absolute refractory period
C. Relative refractory period
D. Both repolarization and relative refractory period are correct
29. Conduction without decrement means that action potentials transmitted down
an axon will not decrease in
amplitude.
True False
30. Conduction of an action potential in a myelinated axon is called
A. Point to point conduction
B. Saltatory conduction
C. Refractory conduction
D. Cable conduction
31. Chemicals that stimulate action potentials in postsynaptic cells are called
A. Hormones
B. Enzymes
C. Neurotransmitters
D. Neurotrophins
32. Local anesthetics block conduction of action potentials in sensory neurons
by
A. Inhibiting the release of acetylcholine
B. Binding to potassium channels
C. Binding to sodium channels
D. Binding to calcium channels
33. Botulism toxin prevents release of Ach, causing
A. Flaccid paralysis
B. Hemiplegia
C. Spastic paralysis
D. None of these choices are correct
34. Hyper polarization in the postsynaptic cell is caused by
A. Excitatory postsynaptic potentials
B. Inhibitory postsynaptic potentials
C. Movement of K+ out of the cell
D. Both inhibitory postsynaptic potentials and movement of K+ out of the cell
are correct
35. Neurotransmitters
A. Are released by endocytosis
B. All bind to the same receptor
C. Usually regulate ion channels
D. Are actively transported across the synaptic cleft
36. The binding of an NT to its receptor protein causes ion channels to open in
the post-synaptic membrane.
What type of gates are these?
A. Chemically-regulated gates
B. Voltage-regulated gates
C. Ligand-regulated gates
D. Both chemically-regulated gates and ligand-regulated gates are correct
37. Acetylcholine
A. Is always an excitatory neurotransmitter
B. Can bind to adrenergic receptors
C. Is an inhibitory neurotransmitter released by motor neurons
D. Can bind to nicotinic receptors
38. Muscarinic Ach receptors are found in all of the following locations except
A. Skeletal muscle
B. Smooth muscle
C. Cardiac muscle
D. Glands
39. Which affect(s) Ach synaptic transmission?
A. Curare
B. Botulinum toxin
C. Strychnine
D. Both curare and botulinum toxin are correct
40. Which of the following is NOT true of EPSPs?
A. They are graded responses
B. They are capable of summation
C. They have a refractory period
D. They are initiated by neurotransmitters
41. Ligand-gated channels, when activated, allow only Na+ to move into the
neuron.
True False
42. The nicotinic Ach receptor is a ligand-gated channel.
True False
43. Ion channels directly involved in neurotransmitter production are regulated
by neurotransmitters.
True False
44. An inhibitory postsynaptic potential would be produced by a
neurotransmitter opening Cl- channels.
True False
45. Nicotinic receptors utilize G-proteins to regulate the opening of ion
channels.
True False
46. Parkinson’s disease is associated with the loss of dopaminergic neurons.
True False
47. Neuroleptics, which are used to treat schizophrenia, are
A. Dopamine agonists
B. Ach antagonists
C. Dopamine antagonists
D. Glutamate agonists
48. Benzodiazepines act by increasing ________ activity.
A. GABA
B. Glutamate
C. Ach
D. Enkephalin
49. The most common neurotransmitter in the brain is
A. Glycine
B. Acetylcholine
C. Serotonin
D. GABA
50. Spatial summation
A. Occurs when a single neuron releases neurotransmitters rapidly
B. Occurs because of the convergence of many neurons on a single postsynaptic
cell
C. Only involves excitatory postsynaptic potentials
D. Only involves inhibitory postsynaptic potentials
51. Both excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic potentials undergo summation.
True False
4 Key
1. The nerve is the basic structural and functional unit of the nervous system.
FALSE
Fox – Chapter 04 #1
2. The brain and spinal cord comprise the
A. Central nervous system
B. Peripheral nervous system
C. Peripheral ganglia
D. Spinal nerves
Fox – Chapter 04 #2
3. Ganglia are clusters of nerve cell bodies located in the periphery.
TRUE
Fox – Chapter 04 #3
4. Sensory nerves regulate muscle contraction.
FALSE
Fox – Chapter 04 #4
5. Most motor neurons are multipolar.
TRUE
Fox – Chapter 04 #5
6. Sensory neurons
A. Are multipolar and carry impulses toward the CNS
B. Are pseudounipolar and carry impulses toward the CNS
C. Are bipolar and carry impulses away from the CNS
D. Are multipolar and carry impulses away from the CNS
Fox – Chapter 04 #6
7. Which of the following is NOT a structural classification of neurons?
A. Motor neuron
B. Bipolar neuron
C. Multipolar neuron
D. Pseudomultipolar neuron
Fox – Chapter 04 #7
8. Which of the following is NOT a functional classification of neurons?
A. Motor or efferent
B. Interneuron or association
C. Multipolar
D. Sensory or afferent
Fox – Chapter 04 #8
9. A nerve is a bundle of axons in the CNS.
FALSE
Fox – Chapter 04 #9
10. Schwann cells and oligodendrocytes have similar functions.
TRUE
Fox – Chapter 04 #10
11. The myelin sheaths of CNS neurons are produced by
A. Schwann cells
B. Oligodendrocytes
C. Ependymal cells
D. Leukocytes
Fox – Chapter 04 #11
12. Cells supporting neuron cell bodies in ganglia are termed
A. Astrocytes
B. Ependymal cells
C. Satellite cells
D. Schwann cells
Fox – Chapter 04 #12
13. Recent evidence indicates that ____________ cells which line the ventricles
may function as neural
stem cells.
A. Ependymal
B. Microglial
C. Astrocyte
D. Schwann
Fox – Chapter 04 #13
14. Destruction of astrocytes would decrease the rate at which action
potentials are transmitted.
FALSE
Fox – Chapter 04 #14
15. Myelinated axons transmit action potentials more rapidly than unmyelinated
axons.
TRUE
Fox – Chapter 04 #15
16. Action potential transmission in the PNS is decreased if which cells are
damaged?
A. Astrocytes
B. Microglia
C. Oligodendrocytes
D. Schwann cells
Fox – Chapter 04 #16
17. White matter is
A. Myelinated axons in the CNS
B. Myelinated axons in the PNS
C. Nonmyelinated cell bodies and dendrites in the CNS
D. Nonmyelinated axons in the CNS
Fox – Chapter 04 #17
18. The gap of exposed axon in the myelin sheath is the
A. Neurilemma
B. Node of Ranvier
C. Sheath of Schwann
D. White matter
Fox – Chapter 04 #18
19. The disease ______________ is characterized by destruction of CNS myelin sheaths
and the
formation of hardened scars.
A. Parkinson’s
B. Alzheimer’s
C. Multiple sclerosis
D. Myasthenia gravis
Fox – Chapter 04 #19
20. Excitable cells are incapable of maintaining a constant resting membrane
potential.
FALSE
Fox – Chapter 04 #20
21. Cells become more negative during hyper polarization.
FALSE
Fox – Chapter 04 #21
22. The membrane of resting nerve cells is more permeable to ____________ ions
than ____________
ions.
A. Sodium; potassium
B. Calcium; potassium
C. Potassium; sodium
D. Chloride; potassium
Fox – Chapter 04 #22
23. Nerve cells depolarize due to the influx of K+.
FALSE
Fox – Chapter 04 #23
24. Blocking ____________ channels would prevent neuronal depolarization.
A. K+
B. Cl–
C. Na+
D. Mg2+
Fox – Chapter 04 #24
25. During an action potential
A. Na+ efflux causes depolarization
B. K+ influx causes repolarization
C. Na+ influx causes depolarization
D. K+ influx causes after-hyper polarization
Fox – Chapter 04 #25
26. Action potential frequency encodes stimulus intensity.
TRUE
Fox – Chapter 04 #26
27. During the absolute refractory period a supramaximal stimulus can bring the
cell to threshold.
FALSE
Fox – Chapter 04 #27
28. The period of time when Na+ channels are recovering from their inactive
state and K+ channels are
still open is the
A. Repolarization
B. Absolute refractory period
C. Relative refractory period
D. Both repolarization and relative refractory period are correct
Fox – Chapter 04 #28
29. Conduction without decrement means that action potentials transmitted down
an axon will not
decrease in amplitude.
TRUE
Fox – Chapter 04 #29
30. Conduction of an action potential in a myelinated axon is called
A. Point to point conduction
B. Saltatory conduction
C. Refractory conduction
D. Cable conduction
Fox – Chapter 04 #30
31. Chemicals that stimulate action potentials in postsynaptic cells are called
A. Hormones
B. Enzymes
C. Neurotransmitters
D. Neurotrophins
Fox – Chapter 04 #31
32. Local anesthetics block conduction of action potentials in sensory neurons
by
A. Inhibiting the release of acetylcholine
B. Binding to potassium channels
C. Binding to sodium channels
D. Binding to calcium channels
Fox – Chapter 04 #32
33. Botulism toxin prevents release of Ach, causing
A. Flaccid paralysis
B. Hemiplegia
C. Spastic paralysis
D. None of these choices are correct
Fox – Chapter 04 #33
34. Hyper polarization in the postsynaptic cell is caused by
A. Excitatory postsynaptic potentials
B. Inhibitory postsynaptic potentials
C. Movement of K+ out of the cell
D. Both inhibitory postsynaptic potentials and movement of K+ out of the cell
are correct
Fox – Chapter 04 #34
35. Neurotransmitters
A. Are released by endocytosis
B. All bind to the same receptor
C. Usually regulate ion channels
D. Are actively transported across the synaptic cleft
Fox – Chapter 04 #35
36. The binding of an NT to its receptor protein causes ion channels to open in
the post-synaptic
membrane. What type of gates are these?
A. Chemically-regulated gates
B. Voltage-regulated gates
C. Ligand-regulated gates
D. Both chemically-regulated gates and ligand-regulated gates are correct
Fox – Chapter 04 #36
37. Acetylcholine
A. Is always an excitatory neurotransmitter
B. Can bind to adrenergic receptors
C. Is an inhibitory neurotransmitter released by motor neurons
D. Can bind to nicotinic receptors
Fox – Chapter 04 #37
38. Muscarinic Ach receptors are found in all of the following locations except
A. Skeletal muscle
B. Smooth muscle
C. Cardiac muscle
D. Glands
Fox – Chapter 04 #38
39. Which affect(s) Ach synaptic transmission?
A. Curare
B. Botulinum toxin
C. Strychnine
D. Both curare and botulinum toxin are correct
Fox – Chapter 04 #39
40. Which of the following is NOT true of EPSPs?
A. They are graded responses
B. They are capable of summation
C. They have a refractory period
D. They are initiated by neurotransmitters
Fox – Chapter 04 #40
41. Ligand-gated channels, when activated, allow only Na+ to move into the
neuron.
FALSE
Fox – Chapter 04 #41
42. The nicotinic Ach receptor is a ligand-gated channel.
TRUE
Fox – Chapter 04 #42
43. Ion channels directly involved in neurotransmitter production are regulated
by neurotransmitters.
FALSE
Fox – Chapter 04 #43
44. An inhibitory postsynaptic potential would be produced by a
neurotransmitter opening Clchannels.
TRUE
Fox – Chapter 04 #44
45. Nicotinic receptors utilize G-proteins to regulate the opening of ion
channels.
FALSE
Fox – Chapter 04 #45
46. Parkinson’s disease is associated with the loss of dopaminergic neurons.
TRUE
Fox – Chapter 04 #46
47. Neuroleptics, which are used to treat schizophrenia, are
A. Dopamine agonists
B. Ach antagonists
C. Dopamine antagonists
D. Glutamate agonists
Fox – Chapter 04 #47
48. Benzodiazepines act by increasing ________ activity.
A. GABA
B. Glutamate
C. Ach
D. Enkephalin
Fox – Chapter 04 #48
49. The most common neurotransmitter in the brain is
A. Glycine
B. Acetylcholine
C. Serotonin
D. GABA
Fox – Chapter 04 #49
50. Spatial summation
A. Occurs when a single neuron releases neurotransmitters rapidly
B. Occurs because of the convergence of many neurons on a single postsynaptic
cell
C. Only involves excitatory postsynaptic potentials
D. Only involves inhibitory postsynaptic potentials
Fox – Chapter 04 #50
51. Both excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic potentials undergo summation.
TRUE
Fox – Chapter 04 #51
4 Summary
Category # of Questions
Fox – Chapter 04 51
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