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Sample Test

Chapter 3: Establish North American Slavery

 

Multiple Choice

 

1.   For approximately how many years before the founding of Jamestown, Virginia, had black slaves been involved in the settlement of what would later become the United States?

2.   80

3.   100

4.   30

5.   55

ANS: a

Page: 48

 

2.   The first Old World settlers in what would become the United States may have been slaves attached to a colonizing mission led in 1526 by whom?

3.   Lucas Vasquez de Allyón

4.   San Miguel de Gualdape

5.   Pánfilo de Narváez

6.   Robert Keayne

ANS: a

Page: 49

 

3.   What settlement, founded in 1565, became the oldest of the successful European settlements in North America?

4.   Tampa Bay

5.   Jamestown

6.   St. Augustine

7.   New Netherland

ANS: c

Page: 49

 

4.   Against which European power did England fight several wars in the 1650s and 1660s, resulting in England’s acquisition of the colony which they renamed New York in 1664?

5.   the French

6.   the Dutch

7.   the Spanish

8.   the Portuguese

ANS: b

Page: 49

 

5.   Which English colony was founded in 1663?

6.   New Jersey

7.   Delaware

8.   Pennsylvania

9.   Carolina

ANS: d

Page: 49

 

6.   When applied to slaves, what did the word “Creole” mean?

7.   a slave who was born in the Americas

8.   a slave who was born in Africa but was “seasoned” in the Caribbean

9.   an African-born slave who was transported directly from Africa to North America

10.                a slave who spoke a pidgin dialect combining European and African languages

ANS: a

Page: 50

 

7.   Which of the following statements about slavery in seventeenth-century North America is LEAST accurate?

8.   Many of the slaves brought to North America had Spanish or Portuguese names.

9.   Most of the slaves brought to North America arrived not from Africa but from other American colonies.

10.                By the middle of the seventeenth century, the slave population of North America was able to increase by natural reproduction.

11.                A number of slaves in North America were multilingual, speaking a variety of European, African, and Native American languages.

ANS: c

Page: 50

 

8.   In which region of North America were slaves living under Spanish rule in 1750?

9.   Louisiana

10.                Florida

11.                Carolina

12.                Georgia

ANS: b

Page: 50

 

9.   What English colony was once known as New Sweden?

10.                Massachusetts

11.                Carolina

12.                New Jersey

13.                Pennsylvania

ANS: c

Page: 50

 

10.                In what year were Africans first imported into the English settlement of Jamestown?

11.                1607

12.                1619

13.                1637

14.                1678

ANS: b

Page: 51

 

11.                Which of the following statements about the first Africans brought into the English settlement in Jamestown is MOST accurate?

12.                They were imported by Dutch traders who probably captured them from a Portuguese slave ship on the high seas.

13.                They were imported by English traders who probably obtained them by raiding an African coastal village.

14.                They were imported by Dutch traders who probably obtained them from markets in the Spanish Caribbean.

15.                They were imported by English traders who probably obtained them markets in the English Caribbean.

ANS: a

Page: 51

 

12.                In the Jamestown census of 1623, blacks were

13.                absent.

14.                listed as servants.

15.                listed as slaves.

16.                listed as chattel.

ANS: b

Page: 51

 

13.                Approximately what percentage of white colonists who immigrated to the Chesapeake colonies in the seventeenth century arrived as indentured servants?

14.                20

15.                45

16.                60

17.                80

ANS: d

Page: 51

 

14.                Which of the following statements about indentured servants in the first half of the seventeenth-century Chesapeake colonies is LEAST accurate?

15.                Most indentured servants were in their late teens or early twenties when they arrived in the Chesapeake.

16.                Many indentured servants did not live long enough to earn their freedom.

17.                Indentured servants who earned their freedom expected to receive a parcel of land of their own.

18.                Despite its harsh features, the legal system of white servitude was, from the beginning, sharply distinguished from the legal system of black servitude.

ANS: d

Page: 51

 

15.                What happened when the free black man Anthony Johnson of Virginia sued his white neighbor for the return of one of Johnson’s slaves?

16.                The court ruled in favor of Johnson.

17.                The court ruled that free blacks had no recourse to the legal system.

18.                The court ruled that free blacks could sue other blacks, but not whites.

19.                The court ruled that free blacks could not own slaves.

ANS: a

Page: 51

 

16.                What commodity served as currency in the seventeenth-century Chesapeake colonies?

17.                cotton

18.                gold

19.                tobacco

20.                slaves

ANS: c

Page: 51

 

17.                Based on the experiences of Anthony Johnson and Francis Payne, all of the following statements about blacks in the seventeenth-century Chesapeake are true EXCEPT

18.                free black men sometimes married white women.

19.                free black men sometimes obtained substantial property holdings.

20.                free black men sometimes successfully sued white men in court.

21.                free black men sometimes held elective office in colonial governments.

ANS: d

Page: 51-52

 

18.                In general, the circumstances of white servants and black servants or slaves in the first decades of the Chesapeake colonies differed in all of the following ways EXCEPT

19.                courts often levied harsher punishments on blacks than on whites.

20.                whereas white servitude was always temporary, black servitude was always permanent.

21.                census records list surnames for white servants but not for black ones.

22.                black servants’ indentures sometimes lasted over twice as long as was typical for white servants.

ANS: b

Page: 52

 

19.                Slavery in Dutch New Netherland differed from that in the English Chesapeake because

20.                slaves in Dutch New Netherland had greater opportunities for freedom than slaves in the English Chesapeake did.

21.                the religious convictions of Dutch settlers prevented slavery from taking firm root in their North American colonies.

22.                the greater Dutch access to African slave markets ensured that the number of slaves in Dutch New Netherland rapidly outnumbered the number of white settlers.

23.                slave marriages received greater recognition in the English Chesapeake than in Dutch New Netherland.

ANS: a

Page: 52-53

 

20.                During the first half of the seventeenth century, the Dutch seized the key African slaving posts Axim and Elmina from

21.                Spain.

22.                England.

23.                France.

24.                Portugal.

ANS: d

Page: 53

 

21.                Which of the following statements BEST characterizes the experience of blacks in Dutch New Netherland?

22.                Although Dutch authorities granted some liberties to black settlers, their worries about possible uprisings led them to bar black men from the militia.

23.                Although conditions for black settlers in New Netherland were harsh at first, racial boundaries gradually disintegrated as the seventeenth century progressed.

24.                Blacks in New Netherland participated broadly in colonial society, attending Dutch churches and seeking redress through Dutch courts.

25.                Since most black slaves worked on the vast agricultural fields of the Hudson Valley and had little direct contact with whites, blacks in New Netherland retained a distinct African identity.

ANS: c

Page: 53

 

22.                According to the Dutch plan of “half-freedom,” blacks in New Netherland were

23.                required to attend Dutch churches, but could not have their children baptized there.

24.                required to pay annual dues for a fixed period as they transitioned from slavery to freedom.

25.                allowed to have their children freed if they agreed to lifetime servitude.

26.                allowed to purchase their freedom on the stipulation that they depart from the colony within three weeks of being manumitted.

ANS: b

Page: 53

 

23.                What impact did the English acquisition of New Netherland have for the colony’s black population?

24.                They immediately lost rights which they had previously enjoyed.

25.                They gradually lost rights which they had previously enjoyed.

26.                They immediately gained rights which they had previously been denied.

27.                They gradually gained rights which they had previously been denied.

ANS: b

Page: 53

 

24.                Which of the following statements about slavery in the Massachusetts Bay Colony is LEAST accurate?

25.                Massachusetts Bay was the first English colony to give legal sanction to slavery.

26.                Authorities in Massachusetts Bay condemned some white persons to slavery.

27.                Authorities in Massachusetts Bay sold Native Americans into slavery in the Caribbean.

28.                Authorities in Massachusetts Bay recognized only persons who willingly sold themselves into servitude as slaves.

ANS: d

Page: 54

 

25.                Which of the following statements about slavery in the Massachusetts Bay Colony is MOST accurate?

26.                Because of New England’s cold climate, the institution of slavery failed to take root in the region.

27.                Because of the religious convictions of white colonists in New England, the institution of slavery failed to take root in the region.

28.                In the early decades of the colony of New England, an enslaved woman’s children seem not to have been always been viewed as slaves.

29.                In the early decades of the colony of New England, authorities established sharp distinctions between white servants from England who enjoyed certain rights and black servants from Africa and the Caribbean who enjoyed none.

ANS: c

Page: 54

 

26.                In roughly which decade did slave codes and racial restrictions begin to harden in England’s North American colonies?

27.                1610s

28.                1630s

29.                1660s

30.                1690s

ANS: c

Page: 54

 

27.                Which of the following statements about the hardening of racial restrictions and slave codes in English North America is LEAST accurate?

28.                Slave codes protected the interests of masters by declaring that the children of enslaved mothers would themselves be slaves.

29.                Because the English government developed slave policies for its empire, slave codes were consistent throughout the colonies.

30.                As slave codes hardened, the justification for slavery shifted from religion to race.

31.                As the seventeenth century progressed, freedom was increasingly seen as a natural state for whites and enslavement a natural state for blacks.

ANS: b

Page: 54-55

 

28.                All of the following factors contributed to the legalization of slavery in Virginia in the second half of the seventeenth century EXCEPT

29.                English colonists began to enslave large numbers of Native Americans for the first time in the wake of Bacon’s Rebellion.

30.                birth rates in England began to decline which helped to make the people of England less inclined to indenture themselves as servants in America.

31.                high death rates in the first half of the seventeenth century had left the colony of Virginia in relatively short supply of laborers.

32.                planters’ need for workers to clear forests and cultivate crops continued to grow.

ANS: a

Page: 55

 

29.                In 1667, Virginia passed a law which

30.                denied that Christian baptism should result in emancipation.

31.                emancipated all slaves who served in the colonial militia.

32.                required masters to emancipate any slave woman who bore more than ten children.

33.                condemned white servants to perpetual slavery for attacking their masters or rebelling against colonial authorities.

ANS: a

Page: 55

 

30.                Between 1663 and 1681, Maryland differed from other English colonists in that it

31.                required masters to emancipate any slave who converted to Christianity.

32.                formally recognized marriages between black slaves and free whites.

33.                stipulated that, whether a black woman was enslaved or free, her children would be slaves.

34.                allowed black men to gain their independence by serving in the colonial militia against Native Americans.

ANS: c

Page: 55

 

31.                Bacon’s Rebellion frightened colonial authorities in Virginia because it revealed that

32.                blacks would readily unite with Indians against white colonists.

33.                white servants would unite with blacks against colonial authorities.

34.                neither white servants nor black slaves would support the colonial government’s wars against Indians.

35.                rich white planters would no longer support the institution of slavery.

ANS: b

Page: 55-56

 

32.                Between the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, race relations in Virginia exhibited all of the following characteristics EXCEPT

33.                new slave codes were imposed based on Caribbean models.

34.                new laws barred interracial marriages and sexual activities.

35.                free blacks witnessed an erosion of their social standing and civil rights.

36.                black slaves grew less rebellious as the number of African-born slaves dropped.

ANS: d

Page: 56-57

 

33.                An actual slave insurrection in 1712 and a rumored one in 1741 resulted in dozens of executions and harsh new laws in the colony of

34.                New York.

35.                Maryland.

36.                Virginia.

37.                South Carolina.

ANS: a

Page: 57

 

34.                By the end of the seventeenth century, slaves in colonial New England enjoyed all of the following rights EXCEPT the right to

35.                marry in civil and religious ceremonies.

36.                prevent their masters from selling off their children.

37.                testify in court and to bring legal suit for their freedom.

38.                associate with fellow slaves, as well as Indians and whites, with less restrictions than slaves elsewhere in America.

ANS: b

Page: 58-59

 

35.                The colony of Carolina was settled primarily by

36.                wealthy courtiers of King Charles II.

37.                poor English servants who indentured themselves for a period of years.

38.                white colonists from Barbados and their slaves.

39.                disgruntled Virginian colonists who found opportunities for land ownership in their colony diminishing.

ANS: c

Page: 59

 

36.                Who wrote the Fundamental Constitutions for the colony of Carolina?

37.                Francis Payne

38.                William Berkeley

39.                William Dummer

40.                John Locke

ANS: d

Page: 59

 

37.                Which of the following statements about slavery in Carolina is LEAST accurate?

38.                Unlike in most English colonies in North America, the legal status of slaves was clearly defined before settlement in Carolina even began.

39.                Unlike most other English colonies in North America, Carolina tried slaves through the same court system as whites, and allowed slaves to testify against whites on their own behalf.

40.                By early in the eighteenth century, Carolina law assumed that all blacks were slaves unless they could provide clear evidence to the contrary.

41.                White citizens in Carolina were required to serve on slave patrols, which were tasked with searching slaves for weapons and ensuring that they had their master’s permission if they were away from their home plantation.

ANS: b

Page: 59-60

 

38.                French Louisiana’s Code Noir included all of the following provisions EXCEPT

39.                free blacks could be enslaved if caught harboring escaped slaves.

40.                masters were prohibited from separating husbands and wives or parents from small children.

41.                masters were required to provide their slaves with religious instruction and adequate food.

42.                slaves were allowed to own their own property and to purchase their freedom.

ANS: d

Page: 61-62

 

39.                How did the transfer of Louisiana from France to Spain affect the colony’s black population?

40.                Slaves gained greater opportunities for manumission.

41.                The integrity of enslaved families gained greater protection.

42.                Free blacks lost the right to serve in colonial militias.

43.                Free blacks gained the right to travel and to carry firearms without restrictions.

ANS: a

Page: 62

 

40.                Which colony, founded in 1733, attempted a brief and unsuccessful experiment to prohibit slavery from within its borders?

41.                North Carolina

42.                South Carolina

43.                Georgia

44.                Louisiana

ANS: c

Page: 63

 

Essay

 

41.                Based on the development of colonial slave codes from the early seventeenth century to the early eighteenth century, to what degree were slavery and race connected in the early colonial period? Was slavery premised on racism or did slavery create racism? Use specific laws and episodes from colonial history to support your response.

 

42.                Discuss colonial unrest in Virginia (1676), New York (1712 and 1741), and Massachusetts (1723). What factors brought about these disturbances and what effects did these disturbances have on the colonies in which they occurred? What do these disturbances reveal about colonial society in North America? Was race or class more significant in explaining these disturbances?

 

43.                The colony of Carolina is sometimes said to have had more in common with Caribbean colonies than with other mainland English colonies. Assess the validity of this observation by comparing the origin and early history of Carolina to that of the colonies in the Chesapeake and the Mid-Atlantic.

 

44.                Describe how colonial societies maintained control over their slave populations. To what degree was the subordination of slaves achieved through judicious legal codes and to what degree was it maintained through sheer terror? Do the numerous slave rebellions of the colonial period testify to the inability of colonial societies to control their slave populations, or does the absence of any successful rebellion or viable Maroon community testify to colonial societies’ success in that regard?

 

45.                Compare the slave codes of French Louisiana and Spanish Louisiana with those of England’s North American colonies. What did the codes have in common and how did they differ? How might one explain the differences?

 

46.                Compare the plight of white indentured servants in the Americas to that of black slaves. Did the two groups have more commonalities than differences? How did their relative circumstances change over time? Could European countries have established empires in the Americas without resorting to coerced labor?

 

47.                Compare slavery as it existed in the Dutch colonies of North America with slavery as it existed in the English colonies. What were the most significant similarities and differences between the slave systems of the two regions? Based on this comparison, explain whether environmental factors, economic factors, or cultural factors played the most significant role in shaping the character of American slave systems.

 

 

Chapter 5: Give Me Liberty

 

Multiple Choice

 

1.   What immediate effect did the French and Indian War have on relations between the American colonies and the British Crown?

2.   British victory in the war came coupled with an enormous debt which Britain tried to shift in part onto the colonies.

3.   British victory in the war convinced American colonists that their interests would be best protected by allying with the French and the Indians against the British.

4.   British defeat in the war convinced American colonists that they could declare their independence from Great Britain with little fear of reprisal.

5.   Britain responded to its defeat in the war by seeking to subdue its colonies through military force.

ANS: a

Page: 85

 

2.   At the dawn of the American Revolution, white Virginians generally subscribed to all of the following beliefs EXCEPT

3.   property ownership was seen as an essential element of republican government.

4.   egalitarian principles required the firm opposition to any form of arbitrary subjugation, especially slavery.

5.   equality among white men could best be achieved by a system of racial slavery which elevated all of them above the status of slaves.

6.   civic virtue was an important ideal of a true republic.

ANS: b

Page: 85-86

 

3.   According to the historian Edmund Morgan, what is the “American paradox”?

4.   Property is the basis of freedom but slaves themselves are property.

5.   Men hold social dominance over women regardless of respective races.

6.   Equality for white men was built upon the enslavement of black men.

7.   American colonists fought against British slavery while owning slaves of their own.

ANS: c

Page: 86

 

4.   The final version of the Declaration of Independence

5.   avoided any reference to slavery so that American slaveholders could not be accused of hypocrisy.

6.   included a denunciation of King George III for inflicting the slave trade—a “cruel war against human nature itself”—on the colonists.

7.   expressed sympathy for the slaves held in bondage in the American colonies, and looked forward to the day that they would be emancipated.

8.   prominently included the words “slave” and “slavery” to describe the condition into which the colonists would fall if they did not resist unjust British laws.

ANS: d

Page: 86

 

5.   Who famously asked, “How is it that we hear the loudest yelps for liberty from the drivers of Negroes”?

6.   John Adams

7.   Samuel Johnson

8.   Thomas Jefferson

9.   George III

ANS: b

Page: 86

 

6.   John Woolman and Anthony Benezet, two of the leading antislavery voices of the American Revolution, were both

7.   Quakers.

8.   Baptists.

9.   Methodists.

10.                Anglicans.

ANS: a

Page: 86

 

7.   All of the following revolutionaries publicly condemned the enslavement of African Americans EXCEPT

8.   Patrick Henry.

9.   Benjamin Rush.

10.                James Otis, Jr.

11.                Thomas Paine.

ANS: a

Page: 86-87

 

8.   Between 1763 and 1783, how many of the thirty black men and women who sued for their freedom in Massachusetts courts won their cases?

9.   29

10.                15

11.                1

12.                0

ANS: a

Page: 87

 

9.   With what historical event is the escaped slave Crispus Attucks primarily associated?

10.                the Battle of Bunker Hill

11.                the Boston Massacre

12.                the founding of Sierra Leone

13.                the Philadelphia Convention

ANS: b

Page: 87-88

 

10.                All of the following statements about Phillis Wheatley are true EXCEPT

11.                she gained international fame for her poetry during her own lifetime.

12.                her first works of poetry were published while she was still a slave.

13.                her poetry dealt with subjects such as religion, nature, and the revolutionary turmoil of her times.

14.                her private statements reveal that she saw did not think that slavery was wrong.

ANS: d

Page: 88-89

 

11.                Before the American Revolution, black Americans

12.                had never served in any of the colonial militias.

13.                were banned from militias in the southern colonies, but invited to serve in all of the New England ones.

14.                served in the militias of many colonies, North and South.

15.                served in the militias of the southern colonies, but not in those of New England, which had a negligible African-American population.

ANS: c

Page: 89-90

 

12.                Which colony barred blacks from militia service in 1656?

13.                Massachusetts

14.                Pennsylvania

15.                South Carolina

16.                Georgia

ANS: a

Page: 89

 

13.                Which veteran of King George’s War and the French and Indian War wrote what is considered to be the first African-American narrative?

14.                Barzillai Lew

15.                Briton Hammon

16.                Titus Colburn

17.                Sampson Talbert

ANS: b

Page: 90

 

14.                What did the Massachusetts Committee on Safety (or the Hancock and Warren Committee) decide about the enlistment of black soldiers in Massachusetts’s armed forces?

15.                Masters could send their slaves to serve in the masters’ place.

16.                Free blacks could serve, but enlisting slaves ran contrary to the principles of the Revolution.

17.                Slaves could serve but only if their masters promised to emancipate them at the end of their service.

18.                Neither slaves nor free blacks should be allowed to serve in the armed forces.

ANS: b

Page: 90

 

15.                The black men Peter Salem and Salem Poor both distinguished themselves as

16.                soldiers at the Battle of Bunker Hill.

17.                authors of political tracts which united the struggle against British tyranny with the struggle against slavery.

18.                delegates to the First Continental Congress.

19.                leaders of a British-inspired slave uprising in the South.

ANS: a

Page: 90

 

16.                Prince Easterbrook, Caesar Brown, Alexander Ames, and Prince Hall were all black soldiers from which state?

17.                Virginia

18.                New York

19.                Massachusetts

20.                Pennsylvania

ANS: c

Page: 90

 

17.                What stance did the Continental Army under George Washington take with regard to the enlistment of black soldiers from July 1775 through the fall of that year?

18.                Free blacks were allowed to enlist, but not slaves.

19.                Free blacks could not enlist, but masters could send their slaves to fight in their place.

20.                Both free blacks and slaves were allowed to enlist as long as they were healthy and old enough to bear arms.

21.                Neither free blacks nor slaves would be allowed to enlist.

ANS: d

Page: 90-91

 

18.                Which royal governor of Virginia issued a proclamation in the fall of 1775 granting freedom to the slaves of rebels who were willing to take up arms in the British army?

19.                Cornwallis

20.                Preston

21.                Dunmore

22.                Clinton

ANS: c

Page: 91

 

19.                Which of the following statements about the proclamation issued by the royal governor of Virginia on November 7, 1775, is MOST accurate?

20.                It freed every slave throughout the colony.

21.                It led to the creation of an “Ethiopian Regiment” of escaped slaves.

22.                It aroused unrest in a slave population which, up to that point, had been peaceable and docile.

23.                It turned the vast majority of white Virginians into staunch Loyalists.

ANS: b

Page: 91

 

20.                How did the Continental Army’s policy on the enlistment of black soldiers change on January 16, 1776?

21.                The army allowed free blacks who had previously served in the army to re-enlist, but barred all other black men from serving.

22.                The army began to offer freedom to any slaves who escaped from Loyalist masters and agreed to serve in the army for three years.

23.                The army opened its ranks to both free blacks and slaves who served with their master’s permission.

24.                The army reversed its policy of allowing black men to serve and expelled all black soldiers from the service.

ANS: a

Page: 92

 

21.                According to an estimate by Thomas Jefferson, approximately how many Virginia slaves ran away from their masters in 1778?

22.                300

23.                3000

24.                30,000

25.                300,000

ANS: c

Page: 92

 

22.                Which of the following statements best characterizes the policy of British generals like Clinton and Cornwallis toward slaves?

23.                They were staunch abolitionists who made no distinction between the slaves of Patriots and the slaves of Loyalists, granting freedom to both.

24.                Their policy toward slaves was based largely on military expedience, and they sometimes abandoned slave allies when military necessity compelled them to do so.

25.                They refused to pursue the initiatives of earlier British commanders who had offered freedom to Patriots’ slaves, and instead insisted on returning all slaves to their masters.

26.                Their official policy was to sell off any slaves who came to their lines in order to raise funds to support their armies.

ANS: b

Page: 92

 

23.                Which were the only two states which remained staunchly opposed to the enlistment of black soldiers by the end of the War for Independence?

24.                North Carolina and Delaware

25.                New York and Virginia

26.                Maryland and New Hampshire

27.                Georgia and South Carolina

ANS: d

Page: 93

 

24.                Approximately how many of the 200,000 soldiers who served in the Patriot cause were black men?

25.                5000

26.                20,000

27.                50,000

28.                65,000

ANS: a

Page: 93

 

25.                Most black soldiers in the Patriot cause served in

26.                segregated, all-black units commanded by white officers.

27.                segregated, all-black units commanded by black officers.

28.                integrated units composed primarily of black soldiers.

29.                integrated units composed primarily of white soldiers.

ANS: d

Page: 94

 

26.                While still in his early teens, the future abolitionist James Forten served

27.                on board a ship in the Continental Navy.

28.                as a spy for British troops in Pennsylvania.

29.                as an officer in South Carolina’s militia.

30.                as an aide-de-camp of George Washington.

ANS: a

Page: 94

 

27.                Which black spy slipped between the British and Patriot lines at the Battle of Yorktown to provide the Patriots with secret information from the British camp?

28.                Prince Whipple

29.                Pompey

30.                James Armistead Lafayette

31.                Gilbert du Motier

ANS: c

Page: 95

 

28.                The participation of French troops in the American Revolution contributed to a later revolution which created the black republic of

29.                Guadeloupe.

30.                Martinique.

31.                Haiti.

32.                Cameroon.

ANS: c

Page: 95

 

29.                Which of the following statements about African Africans affiliated with the British and Loyalists during the American Revolution is MOST accurate?

30.                After the war, the British re-enslaved all of the blacks who had fled to their lines and gave them to the Loyalists.

31.                After the war, the British insisted that Loyalists who wished to relocate within the British Empire had to emancipate their slaves.

32.                After the war, many free blacks went to live in Canada, whereas white Loyalists took their slaves to West Africa, where they established a new slave-based colony.

33.                After the war, many free black migrated to London, whereas white Loyalists took their slaves to the Caribbean.

ANS: d

Page: 95-96

 

30.                Which crop did former American slaves introduce to Bermuda in 1785?

31.                cotton

32.                tobacco

33.                sugar

34.                rice

ANS: a

Page: 96

 

31.                Freed blacks who emigrated from the United States after the War for Independence played an important role in establishing which British colony in Africa?

32.                Sierra Leone

33.                Cameroon

34.                South Africa

35.                Ivory Coast

ANS: a

Page: 96

 

32.                The first antislavery society in North America was founded early in the American Revolution in which state?

33.                Massachusetts

34.                New Jersey

35.                Pennsylvania

36.                Virginia

ANS: c

Page: 96

 

33.                The New York Society for Promoting the Manumission of Slaves was founded in 1775 by which two prominent men?

34.                John Jay and Alexander Hamilton

35.                Benjamin Franklin and Thomas Jefferson

36.                Benjamin Rush and John Adams

37.                Noah Webster and Theodore Dwight

ANS: a

Page: 98

 

34.                Thanks in part to new laws which made it easier for masters to manumit their slaves, the free black population of Virginia increased from 1,800 in 1782 to roughly how many by 1790?

35.                13,000

36.                23,000

37.                73,000

38.                103,000

ANS: a

Page: 98

 

35.                Which state’s constitution, drafted in 1777, became the first in America to abolish slavery?

36.                Massachusetts

37.                New Hampshire

38.                Vermont

39.                Connecticut

ANS: c

Page: 99

 

36.                All of the following states enacted gradual emancipation laws in the aftermath of the American Revolution EXCEPT

37.                New York.

38.                New Jersey.

39.                Pennsylvania.

40.                Delaware.

ANS: d

Page: 99

 

37.                Which of the following statements about Shays’s Rebellion is LEAST accurate?

38.                The rebellion enjoyed the almost unanimous support of Massachusetts’s black population.

39.                Some black veterans of the Revolution participated actively in the rebel cause.

40.                The rebellion enhanced the fears of some prominent Americans that calls for the expansion of democracy and liberty had gone too far.

41.                The rebellion provided an impetus to the movement to strengthen the national government.

ANS: a

Page: 100

 

38.                At the Philadelphia Convention, delegates from which of the following states most vehemently argued in favor of counting slaves as full persons with regard to representation in the new government?

39.                Massachusetts

40.                Connecticut

41.                South Carolina

42.                Virginia

ANS: c

Page: 100

 

39.                Which of the following statements about the Constitution’s three-fifths compromise is MOST accurate?

40.                It defined all blacks as three-fifths of a person for purposes of representation and taxation.

41.                It defined both blacks and “Indians not taxed” as three-fifths of a person for purposes of representation and taxation.

42.                It defined both slaves and indentured servants as three-fifths of a person for purposes of representation and taxation.

43.                It made no explicit reference to slavery or to blacks, referring instead to “all other persons” besides free persons, indentured servants, and certain Indians.

ANS: d

Page: 100

 

40.                What compromise did the delegates at the Philadelphia Convention reach on the question of the importation of slaves from foreign lands?

41.                The trade could not be abolished without the unanimous consent of all of the states.

42.                The trade would be ended immediately, though it could be reopened after twenty years should Congress vote in favor of it.

43.                Congress would have the power to decide whether or not to end the trade, but would not be able to exercise that power for twenty years after the new government came into being.

44.                Twenty years after the new government came into being, the slave trade would automatically come to an end, with or without action from Congress.

ANS: c

Page: 101

 

Essay

 

41.                Discuss the American Revolution’s impact on slavery. In what ways did the Revolution undermine the institution of slavery? In what ways did the Revolution help to preserve the institution? On balance, did the American Revolution do more to end or to protect the system of slavery in the new United States?

 

42.                In many parts of the United States, the American Revolution seemed to have placed slavery on the road to extinction. Explain why the promise of abolition was fulfilled in some states and not in others. What factors contributed most to determining whether slavery would be abolished? Why did some states move toward emancipation, and then retreat back to a defense of slavery?

 

43.                Discuss how the Philadelphia Convention dealt with the institution of slavery. What divisive questions did the existence of slavery evoke? How were those questions resolved? Which of those questions aroused the least controversy among the delegates? On the whole, did the delegates create a Constitution that was pro-slavery, anti-slavery, or ambivalent about slavery?

 

44.                In a highly influential study, historian Edmund Morgan identified an “American paradox” in the relationship between freedom and slavery in American history. What was the “paradox” which he identified? How might this paradox be explained?

 

45.                The American Revolution produced two African-Americans who were famous in their own time and remain well known today, Crispus Attucks and Phillis Wheatley. How did these two figures achieve their notoriety? What do their lives reveal about the participation of black Americans in the American Revolution, and the limits of said participation?

 

46.                Discuss the military roles of black Americans during the War for Independence. How did the various militaries consider in their policies regarding the enlistment of black soldiers? Which factors contributed to black men’s decision to enlist on one side or the other? How important was black soldiers’ battlefield performance to the outcome of the war?

 

47.                Discuss the colonial roots of the antislavery movement and evaluate its effectiveness. Which groups were most active in the movement? What tactics did white and black abolitionists adopt in their opposition to slavery? Which tactics proved most effective for the cause? Did the colonial antislavery movement enjoy any notable successes?