Food and Culture, 7th Edition by Pamela Goyan Kittler – Test Bank

 

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Sample Test

Chapter_03_Intercultural_Communication

 

True / False
1. ​The field of intercultural communication encompasses language and the context in which words are interpreted.

a.
True

b.
False
ANSWER:
True
REFERENCES:
Introduction
KEYWORDS:
Bloom’s: Understand

2. All members of a cultural group can be expected to have the same high- or low-context dispositions towards communication, regardless of the situation in which communication is taking place.

a.
True

b.
False
ANSWER:
False
REFERENCES:
Intercultural Communication Concepts — Verbal Communication
KEYWORDS:
Bloom’s: Understand

3. In many high-context cultures with large power distances, the role of the patient is to follow the medical advice given by the doctor, who is the expert.

a.
True

b.
False
ANSWER:
True
REFERENCES:
Intercultural Communication Concepts — Verbal Communication
KEYWORDS:
Bloom’s: Understand

4. ​High-context communication styles may use vague or incomplete wording in a message.

a.
True

b.
False
ANSWER:
True
REFERENCES:
Intercultural Communication Concepts — Verbal Communication
KEYWORDS:
Bloom’s: Understand

5. ​High-context cultures are seldom found among homogeneous populations.

a.
True

b.
False
ANSWER:
False
REFERENCES:
Intercultural Communication Concepts — Verbal Communication
KEYWORDS:
Bloom’s: Understand

6. ​Touching norms frequently vary according to attributes such as ethnicity, gender, age, or physical condition.

a.
True

b.
False
ANSWER:
True
REFERENCES:
Intercultural Communication Concepts — Nonverbal Communication
KEYWORDS:
Bloom’s: Understand

7. Low-context cultures tend to be polychronistic.

a.
True

b.
False
ANSWER:
False
REFERENCES:
Intercultural Communication Concepts — Verbal Communication
KEYWORDS:
Bloom’s: Understand

8. Monochronistic means being interested in finishing one thing before starting another.

a.
True

b.
False
ANSWER:
True
REFERENCES:
Intercultural Communication Concepts — Verbal Communication
KEYWORDS:
Bloom’s: Understand

9. It is always useful to use children as the translators in a medical setting because the child often knows the language better than the parents.

a.
True

b.
False
ANSWER:
False
REFERENCES:
Successful Intercultural Communication — Intercultural Communication Skills
KEYWORDS:
Bloom’s: Understand

10. Designing nutrition education messages is easier if the group being targeted is heterogeneous.

a.
True

b.
False
ANSWER:
False
REFERENCES:
Intercultural Nutrition Education — Culturally Relevant Program Preparation
KEYWORDS:
Bloom’s: Understand

Multiple Choice
11. What characteristics represent the “tip of the iceberg” in the iceberg analogy used to describe communication?​

a.
​religion, educational background, political affiliation

b.
ethnicity (or nationality), age, gender​

c.
degree of assimilation, age, ethnicity (or nationality)​

d.
religion, gender, age​

e.
occupation, education, politics​
ANSWER:
b
REFERENCES:
The Intercultural Challenge
KEYWORDS:
Bloom’s: Understand

12. ​In the “iceberg model of multicultural influences on communication,” the iceberg analogy is used because much of what affects communication

a.
​can be determined by looking very closely for clues.

b.
“freezes out” the two parties involved if the message content is not correctly stated.​

c.
is unseen and not readily apparent.​

d.
is related to cultural misunderstandings.​

e.
can be determined by biomedical testing.​
ANSWER:
c
REFERENCES:
The Intercultural Challenge
KEYWORDS:
Bloom’s: Understand

13. What does the term action chain refer to?​

a.
​one phrase or action leading to another

b.
one culture influencing the next culture​

c.
communication at the physical level​

d.
increasing familiarity through behaviors​

e.
actions communicating louder than words​
ANSWER:
a
REFERENCES:
The Intercultural Challenge
KEYWORDS:
Bloom’s: Understand

14. Communication in high-context cultures is analogous to what expression?​

a.
​Look before you leap.

b.
A picture is worth a thousand words.​

c.
Easy as pie.​

d.
Read between the lines.​

e.
We dodged a bullet.​
ANSWER:
d
REFERENCES:
Intercultural Communication Concepts — Verbal Communication
KEYWORDS:
Bloom’s: Understand

15. When meeting a person for the first time, the only data that speakers usually have to work with come from​

a.
​non-verbal cues.

b.
spatial relationships.​

c.
their own cultural norms.​

d.
stereotypes.​

e.
social status.​
ANSWER:
c
REFERENCES:
The Intercultural Challenge
KEYWORDS:
Bloom’s: Understand

16. Which of the following describes a high-context culture?​

a.
​Communication is explicit and straightforward.

b.
Meaning in found in context, not in words.​

c.
Verbal cues are most significant to interpreting the message.​

d.
The context of the language is more objective than personal.​

e.
Thoughts are more prominent than attitudes in conversation.​
ANSWER:
b
REFERENCES:
Intercultural Communication Concepts — Verbal Communication
KEYWORDS:
Bloom’s: Understand

17. What are the two components of a message?​

a.
​content and relationship

b.
content and provider​

c.
relationship and receiver​

d.
expectation and interpretation​

e.
thoughts and actions​
ANSWER:
a
REFERENCES:
Intercultural Communication Concepts
KEYWORDS:
Bloom’s: Understand

18. Messages that demonstrate respect for the individuality of the receiver are called​

a.
​object messages.

b.
verbal messages.​

c.
personal messages.​

d.
content messages.​

e.
impersonal messages.​
ANSWER:
c
REFERENCES:
Bloom’s: Understand
KEYWORDS:
Bloom’s: Understand

19. The Swiss, Germans, and Scandinavians are examples of what type of cultures?​

a.
​low-context

b.
​low-content

c.
​high-context

d.
​polychronistic

e.
high-morality​
ANSWER:
a
REFERENCES:
Intercultural Communication Concepts — Verbal Communication
KEYWORDS:
Bloom’s: Understand

20. “The individual is usually defined by group association” describes what type of culture?​

a.
​high-context

b.
low-context​

c.
interactive-context​

d.
community-context​

e.
intermediate-context​
ANSWER:
a
REFERENCES:
Intercultural Communication Concepts — Verbal Communication
KEYWORDS:
Bloom’s: Understand

21. What does polychronistic refer to?

a.
​completing one thing at a time

b.
low-context cultures​

c.
cultures of many colors​

d.
multitasking​

e.
nonverbal communication​
ANSWER:
d
REFERENCES:
Intercultural Communication Concepts — Verbal Communication
KEYWORDS:
Bloom’s: Understand

22. Approximately how many different nonverbal gestures have been identified?​

a.
​100

b.
700​

c.
7000​

d.
1000​

e.
5000​
ANSWER:
c
REFERENCES:
Intercultural Communication Concepts — Nonverbal Communication
KEYWORDS:
Bloom’s: Understand

23. What is the abrazo, a common greeting for Latinos?​

a.
​an air kiss on each cheek

b.
a high five-type hand slap​

c.
a handshake followed by a nod​

d.
​a hug with back patting

e.
​a pat on the head
ANSWER:
d
REFERENCES:
Intercultural Communication Concepts — Nonverbal Communication
KEYWORDS:
Bloom’s: Understand

24. Which part of the body is most sacred to many cultures and should not be touched?​

a.
​the shoulder

b.
the head​

c.
the hands​

d.
the feet​

e.
the heart​
ANSWER:
b
REFERENCES:
Intercultural Communication Concepts — Nonverbal Communication
KEYWORDS:
Bloom’s: Understand

25. In which of the following cultures are people likely to avoid touching?​

a.
​Latin American

b.
British​

c.
Middle Eastern​

d.
Greek​

e.
Russian​
ANSWER:
b
REFERENCES:
Intercultural Communication Concepts — Nonverbal Communication
KEYWORDS:
Bloom’s: Understand

26. In what culture is direct eye contact an expression of sexual interest or aggression?​

a.
​United States

b.
Asian​

c.
Latino​

d.
Filipino​

e.
Eastern European​
ANSWER:
d
REFERENCES:
Intercultural Communication Concepts — Nonverbal Communication
KEYWORDS:
Bloom’s: Understand

27. When doing a dietary analysis such as a food frequency, what is a “phantom food”?​

a.
​a food that is deficient in the diet

b.
a food with medicinal properties or a high status​

c.
a food not actually consumed​

d.
a snack​

e.
a food named with different terminology​
ANSWER:
c
REFERENCES:
Successful Intercultural Communication — Intercultural Nutrition Assessment
KEYWORDS:
Bloom’s: Understand

28. What type of communication can empower the client within the relationship and improve treatment efficacy?​

a.
​thoughtful and thorough

b.
clear and concise​

c.
caring and considerate​

d.
non-verbal and supportive​

e.
careful and serious​
ANSWER:
c
REFERENCES:
Role of Communication in Health Care — Responsibilities of the Healthcare Provider
KEYWORDS:
Bloom’s: Understand

29. The ultimate stage for the provider to reach in becoming skilled at cross-cultural communications is​

a.
​unconscious incompetence.

b.
conscious incompetence.​

c.
conscious competence.​

d.
unconscious competence.​

e.
preconscious competence.​
ANSWER:
d
REFERENCES:
Role of Communication in Health Care — Responsibilities of the Health Care Provider
KEYWORDS:
Bloom’s: Understand

30. In the mnemonic CRASH, the letter S stands for what?​

a.
​Sensitive

b.
Serious​

c.
Silent​

d.
Severe​

e.
Sensible​
ANSWER:
a
REFERENCES:
Successful Intercultural Communication
KEYWORDS:
Bloom’s: Understand

31. Power distance in low-context cultures where individuality is respected is​

a.
​important.

b.
a term that means that patients have all of the power.​

c.
small.​

d.
the physical distance that should be maintained between the individuals for cultural comfort.​

e.
defined by the needs of the patient.​
ANSWER:
c
REFERENCES:
Intercultural Communication Concepts — Verbal Communication
KEYWORDS:
Bloom’s: Understand

32. In Japan, what word follows the surname given to a married woman?​

a.
​bint

b.
san​

c.
de​

d.
moni​

e.
sen​
ANSWER:
b
REFERENCES:
Successful Intercultural Communication — Intercultural Communication Skills
KEYWORDS:
Bloom’s: Understand

33. What percentage of immigrants living in the United States are estimated to have poor English skills?​

a.
​10 percent

b.
50 percent​

c.
30 percent​

d.
15 percent​

e.
75 percent​
ANSWER:
c
REFERENCES:
Successful Intercultural Communication — Intercultural Communication Skills
KEYWORDS:
Bloom’s: Understand

34. Patients in the health-care setting are often worried and may frequently be in pain or fearful of outcomes. These personal conditions may be ________ effective communication.​

a.
​facilitators of

b.
​barriers to

c.
​motivators of

d.
​low-context cues to

e.
​high-context cues to
ANSWER:
b
REFERENCES:
Role of Communication in Health Care — Interaction between Provider and Client
KEYWORDS:
Bloom’s: Understand

35. What title of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 guaranteed equal access to health care services regardless of national origin?​

a.
​Title II

b.
Title VI​

c.
Title V​

d.
Title VII​

e.
Title I​
ANSWER:
b
REFERENCES:
Successful Intercultural Communication — Intercultural Communication Skills
KEYWORDS:
Bloom’s: Understand

36. What translation technique requires that instructions are repeated back to the clinician?​

a.
​back interpretation

b.
repeat interpretation​

c.
respond interpretation​

d.
forward interpretation​

e.
direct interpretation​
ANSWER:
a
REFERENCES:
Successful Intercultural Communication — Intercultural Communication Skills
KEYWORDS:
Bloom’s: Understand

37. The most effective method of communication to use when conveying a health-related message through an interpreter is​

a.
​as technically accurate as possible with medical terminology emphasized.

b.
ambiguous in content but specific in context.​

c.
simple phrases that are easily translated.​

d.
short, direct phrases spoken in a positive tone.​

e.
metaphors and colloquialisms.​
ANSWER:
d
REFERENCES:
Successful Intercultural Communication — Intercultural Communication Skills
KEYWORDS:
Bloom’s: Understand

38. When using a translator in a medical environment, the practitioner should​

a.
​keep eye contact with the translator.

b.
keep eye contact with the patient.​

c.
avoid eye contact with either the patient or translator to help everyone relax.​

d.
keep smiling and nodding at the translator throughout the message.​

e.
split her or his focus equally between patient and translator.​
ANSWER:
b
REFERENCES:
Successful Intercultural Communication — Intercultural Communication Skills
KEYWORDS:
Bloom’s: Understand

39. What are the basic competencies needed by practitioners for effective intercultural communication?​

a.
​content, relationship, and competence

b.
expectation, information transfer, and commitment​

c.
attitude, knowledge, and skills​

d.
information transfer, relationship development and maintenance, and compliance gaining​

e.
diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up​
ANSWER:
d
REFERENCES:
Successful Intercultural Communication — Intercultural Counseling
KEYWORDS:
Bloom’s: Understand

40. In the time-pressured and cost-constrained setting of health care delivery, which of the following is considered the most relevant aspect of messages to clients?​

a.
​competence

b.
content​

c.
relationship​

d.
treatment​

e.
compliance​
ANSWER:
b
REFERENCES:
Role of Communication in Health Care — Interaction between Provider and Client
KEYWORDS:
Bloom’s: Understand

41. Which method is considered a culturally sensitive approach to collecting health-related information and a reliable method of assessment?​

a.
​using U.S. food databases

b.
having family members translate​

c.
direct inquiry and standardized tools​

d.
respondent-driven interview​

e.
provider-driven interview​
ANSWER:
d
REFERENCES:
Successful Intercultural Communication — Intercultural Counseling
KEYWORDS:
Bloom’s: Understand

42. In nutrition education, triangulation relates to a method of checking​

a.
​program delivery.

b.
program delivery channels.​

c.
program design.​

d.
​program marketing.

e.
program content.​
ANSWER:
c
REFERENCES:
Intercultural Nutrition Education — Culturally Relevant Program Preparation
KEYWORDS:
Bloom’s: Understand

43. Black adolescent girls showed significantly improved outcomes when what support person participated in weight-loss sessions?​

a.
​father

b.
friend​

c.
mother​

d.
sibling​

e.
teacher​
ANSWER:
c
REFERENCES:
Intercultural Nutrition Education
KEYWORDS:
Bloom’s: Understand

44. The method of confirming congruence between data collected on the target audience and proposed program goals and objectives is called​

a.
​triangulation.

b.
evaluation.​

c.
cultivation.​

d.
computation.​

e.
marketing.​
ANSWER:
a
REFERENCES:
Intercultural Nutrition Education — Culturally Relevant Program Preparation
KEYWORDS:
Bloom’s: Understand

45. Many researchers recommend the universally accepted format of _____ to deliver an educational message.​

a.
​role-playing

b.
​storytelling

c.
​translation

d.
​e-mail

e.
​comparative analysis
ANSWER:
b
REFERENCES:
Intercultural Nutrition Education — Culturally Relevant Program Preparation
KEYWORDS:
Bloom’s: Understand

46. Television, video, computers, radios, and magazines used by target audiences are all what types of channels?​

a.
​persuasive

b.
influence​

c.
peer​

d.
subliminal​

e.
educational​
ANSWER:
b
REFERENCES:
Intercultural Nutrition Education — Implementation Strategies
KEYWORDS:
Bloom’s: Understand

47. Mass media campaigns are believed to influence a change in health behavior in approximately what percentage of the target audience?​

a.
​20 percent

b.
10 percent​

c.
less than 1 percent​

d.
15 percent​

e.
30 percent​
ANSWER:
b
REFERENCES:
Intercultural Nutrition Education — Implementation Strategies
KEYWORDS:
Bloom’s: Understand

48. According to marketing experts, the most effective presentation of a message requires a combination of pictures, sounds, and words in broadcast and what other type of media?​

a.
​computer ads

b.
direct mail​

c.
print​

d.
e-mail​

e.
word of mouth​
ANSWER:
c
REFERENCES:
Intercultural Nutrition Education — Implementation Strategies
KEYWORDS:
Bloom’s: Understand

49. What are the four Ps of the marketing mix?​

a.
​product, price, people, and program goals

b.
product, production, perception, and persistence​

c.
​product, process, print media, and psychology

d.
​product, price, placement, and promotion

e.
​product, presentation, publication, and provocative images
ANSWER:
d
REFERENCES:
Intercultural Nutrition Education — Implementation Strategies
KEYWORDS:
Bloom’s: Understand

50. What type of evaluation keeps track of progress throughout an educational program?​

a.
​process

b.
summative​

c.
public​

d.
complex​

e.
progressive​
ANSWER:
a
REFERENCES:
Intercultural Nutrition Education — Implementation Strategies
KEYWORDS:
Bloom’s: Understand

51. ​What do anthropologists speculate that the handshake, the hug, and the bow with hands pressed together all originated to demonstrate?

a.
​that a person was not carrying a weapon

b.
that a person was friendly​

c.
that a person was not friendly​

d.
that a person was happy to see someone​

e.
that a person was following the cultural rules​
ANSWER:
a
REFERENCES:
Intercultural Communication Concepts — Nonverbal Communication
KEYWORDS:
Bloom’s: Understand

52. What are the primary tools of the clinician following diagnosis?​

a.
​tests

b.
words​

c.
pills​

d.
prayers​

e.
scalpels​
ANSWER:
b
REFERENCES:
Role of Communication in Health Care
KEYWORDS:
Bloom’s: Understand

53. Which immigrants have developed many methods, such as saying “maybe,” to avoid a negative response?​

a.
​Africans

b.
French​

c.
Japanese​

d.
Germans​

e.
Native Americans​
ANSWER:
c
REFERENCES:
Successful Intercultural Communication — Intercultural Communication Skills
KEYWORDS:
Bloom’s: Understand

54. What were the four barriers to healthy eating identified by African American women in the triangulation focus groups?​

a.
​taste, cost, waste, and preparation

b.
taste, cost, time, and lack of information​

c.
taste, cost, perception, and lack of produce​

d.
taste, cost, availability, and lack of accountability​
ANSWER:
b
REFERENCES:
Intercultural Nutrition Education — Culturally Relevant Program Preparation
KEYWORDS:
Bloom’s: Understand

55. Which cultural group is most likely to avert their eyes as a sign of respect?​

a.
​African Americans

b.
Latinos​

c.
Germans​

d.
Native Americans​

e.
Italians​
ANSWER:
b
REFERENCES:
Intercultural Communication Concepts — Nonverbal Communication
KEYWORDS:
Bloom’s: Understand

Matching
​

a.
​Low-context cultures usually
b.
​High-context cultures usually
REFERENCES:
Intercultural Communication Concepts — Verbal Communication
KEYWORDS:
Bloom’s: Understand

56. ​are polychronistic.

ANSWER:
b

57. ​have a high tolerance for ambiguity.

ANSWER:
a

58. ​regard actual words as more important than how they are said.

ANSWER:
a

59. ​favor a communication style that is high on content and low on relationship.

ANSWER:
a

60. ​hold group membership as more important than the individual.

ANSWER:
b

Essay
61. ​What are some of the low-context cultures described in the text, and what attributes of their communication style are specifically low context?

ANSWER:
The Swiss, Germans, and Scandinavians are examples of low-context cultures. In most Western cultures, messages usually concern ideas presented in a logical, linear sequence. The speaker tries to say what is meant through precise wording, and the content of the language is more objective than personal along the continuum of personal and object messages. This communication style is termed low context because the actual words are more important than who is receiving the message, how the words are said, or the nonverbal actions that accompany them.
REFERENCES:
Intercultural Communication Concepts — Verbal Communication
KEYWORDS:
Bloom’s: Understand

62. Why might the same person use low-context communication in some situations and high-context communication in other situations?

ANSWER:
As an example of low- versus high-context communication in different situations, consider a researcher presenting current nutritional data on spinach to a group of other professionals. She will probably speak in a relatively monotone voice and use scientific jargon. She will present her points in a sequential manner, support her thesis with examples, and then restate her ideas in the conclusion. She will probably stand erect and limit the expressive use of her hands and face. The message is almost entirely in the content of the words she says. In contrast, this same woman might behave very differently when feeding her reluctant toddler spinach for dinner. She might smile and make yummy sounds as she offers him a spoonful or pretends the spinach is a plane coming in for a landing in his mouth. She might give him a spoonful of meat or potato, then try the spinach again. She might even dance around his high chair a little or hum a few bars of the old cartoon theme song about a sailor who liked spinach. She doesn’t try to get him to eat spinach by explaining its nutrient content, as she did at her meeting. The message is non-linear and not dependent on the content of the words she uses. This is not to say that a health care provider should burst out in song when working with a client from a high-context culture. But it does suggest that indirect, expressive approaches may be more effective in some intercultural clinical, educational, or counseling settings. Identification of a culture as either low or high context provides a general framework for communication but may be affected by other situational factors.
REFERENCES:
Intercultural Communication Concepts — Verbal Communication
KEYWORDS:
Bloom’s: Understand

63. Researchers in effective communication have identified five ways in which misunderstandings occur that are applicable to the health care setting. List these.

ANSWER:
1. A provider can never fully know a client’s thoughts, attitudes, and emotions, especially when the client is from a different cultural background. 2. A provider must depend on verbal and nonverbal signals from the client to learn what the client believes about health and illness, and these signals may be ambiguous. 3. A provider uses his or her own cultural understanding of communication to interpret verbal and nonverbal signals from the client, which may be inadequate for accurate deciphering of meaning in another cultural context. 4. A provider’s state of mind at any given time may bias interpretation of a client’s behavior. 5. There is no correlation between what a provider believes are correct interpretations of a client’s signals or behaviors and the accuracy of the provider’s belief.
REFERENCES:
Role of Communication in Health Care — Interaction between Provider and Client
KEYWORDS:
Bloom’s: Understand

64. Why is the in-depth interview essential in intercultural counseling?

ANSWER:
The in-depth interview is essential in intercultural counseling to determine many of the iceberg issues that may affect communication and cooperation in health care, including ethnicity, age, degree of acculturation or bicultural adaptation, socioeconomic status, health condition, religious affiliation, educational background, group membership, sexual orientation, or political affiliation. However, a client may believe that personal questions about his background are invasive or unnecessary, especially if he comes from a high-context culture. Direct inquiry may even suggest to the client that the practitioner is incompetent because she cannot determine the problem through indirect methods.