Extreme Weather Climate 1st Edition Ahrens Samson -Test Bank
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Sample
Test
Chapter 3
Temperature and Humidity Extremes
Multiple Choice Exam Questions
1. The
maximum in daytime surface temperature typically occurs _______ the earth
receives its most intense solar radiation.
2. before
3. after
4. exactly
when
ANSWER: b
2. Radiational
cooling typically occurs:
3. during
the afternoon.
4. at
night.
5. during
the late morning.
ANSWER: b
3. The
strongest radiation inversions occur when:
4. skies
are overcast.
5. skies
are partly cloudy.
6. skies
are clear.
7. precipitation
is falling.
ANSWER: c
4. During
the afternoon the greatest temperature difference between the surface air and
the air several meters above occurs on a:
5. clear,
calm afternoon.
6. clear,
windy afternoon.
7. cloudy,
calm afternoon.
8. cloudy,
windy afternoon.
ANSWER: a
5. The
greatest variation in daily temperature usually occurs:
6. at
the ground.
7. about
5 feet above the ground.
8. at
the top of a high-rise apartment complex.
9. at
the level where thermals stop rising.
ANSWER: a
6. The
lowest temperature is usually observed:
7. at
the time of sunset.
8. near
midnight.
9. several
hours before sunrise.
10. around
sunrise.
11. several
hours after sunrise.
ANSWER: d
7. In
clear weather the air next to the ground is usually __________ than
the air above during the night, and __________ than the air
above during the day.
8. colder,
warmer
9. colder,
colder
10. warmer,
colder
11. warmer,
warmer
ANSWER: a
8. Suppose
yesterday morning you noticed ice crystals (frost) on the grass, yet the reported
minimum temperature was only 35o F.
The most likely reason for this apparent discrepancy is that:
9. temperature
readings are taken in instrument shelters more than 5 feet above the ground.
10. the
thermometer was in error.
11. the
newspaper reported the wrong temperature.
12. the
thermometer was read before the minimum temperature was reached for that day.
13. the
thermometer was read incorrectly.
ANSWER: a
9. At
what time during a 24-hour day would a radiation temperature inversion best be
developed?
10. at
sunset
11. near
sunrise
12. toward
the end of the morning
13. between
2 and 5 pm when the air temperature reaches a maximum
ANSWER: b
10. The
primary cause of a radiation inversion is:
11. infrared
radiation emitted by the earth’s surface.
12. infrared
radiation absorbed by the earth’s surface.
13. solar
radiation absorbed by the earth’s surface.
14. solar
radiation reflected by the earth’s surface.
15. infrared
radiation absorbed by the atmosphere and clouds.
ANSWER: a
11. In a
hilly region the best place to plant crops that are sensitive to low
temperatures is:
12. on
the valley floor.
13. along
the hillsides.
14. on
the top of the highest hill.
15. in
any dry location.
ANSWER: b
12. An
important reason for the large daily temperature range over deserts is:
13. there
is little water vapor in the air to absorb and re-radiate infrared radiation.
14. the
light-colored sand radiates heat very rapidly at night.
15. dry
air is a very poor heat conductor.
16. free
convection cells are unable to form above the hot desert ground.
17. the
ozone content of desert air is very low.
ANSWER: a
13. Which
of the following statements is/are true?
14. If
you travel from Dallas, Texas to St. Paul, Minnesota in January, you are more
likely to experience greater temperature variations than if you make the same
trip in July.
15. Annual
temperature ranges tend to be much greater near the ocean than in the middle of
the continent.
16. If
two cities have the same mean annual temperature, then their temperatures
throughout the year are quite similar.
17. all
of the above are true
ANSWER: a
14. The
largest annual ranges of temperatures are found:
15. at
polar latitudes over land.
16. at
polar latitudes over water.
17. at
middle latitudes near large bodies of wate.r
18. at
the Equator.
19. in
the Northern Central Plains of the United States.
ANSWER: a
15. Over
the earth as a whole, one would expect to observe the smallest variation in
temperature from day to day and from month to month:
16. at
the North Pole.
17. in
the center of a large land mass.
18. along
the Pacific coast of North America.
19. high
in the mountains in the middle of a continent.
20. on a
small island near the equator.
ANSWER: e
16. Referring
to Table 3.3: The air temperature is 45o F,
the wind is blowing at 30 MPH, and the wind chill temperature is 15o F.
These conditions would be equivalent to:
17. a 15o F
air temperature and 0 MPH winds.
18. a 30o F
air temperature and 45 MPH winds.
19. a 30o F
air temperature and 15 MPH winds.
20. a 15o F
air temperature and 30 MPH winds.
ANSWER: a
17. The
wind-chill factor:
18. relates
body heat loss with wind to an equivalent temperature with no wind.
19. indicates
the temperature at which water freezes on exposed skin.
20. takes
into account humidity and air temperature in expressing the current air
temperature.
21. tells
farmers when to protect crops from a freeze.
22. determines
how low the air temperature will be on any given day.
ANSWER: a
18. Which
of the following statements is not correct?
19. Calm,
cloudy nights are usually warmer than calm, clear nights.
20. Each
year the earth’s surface radiates away more energy than it receives from the
sun.
21. The horizontal
transport of heat by the wind is called advection.
22. Good
absorbers of radiation are usually poor emitters of radiation.
ANSWER: d
19. Suppose
last night was clear and calm. Tonight low clouds will be present. From
this you would conclude that tonight’s minimum temperature will be:
20. higher
than last night’s minimum temperature.
21. lower
than last night’s minimum temperature.
22. the
same as last night’s minimum temperature.
23. above
freezing.
ANSWER: a
20. Low
clouds retard surface cooling at night better than clear skies because:
21. the
clouds absorb and radiate infrared energy back to earth.
22. the
water droplets in the clouds reflect infrared energy back to earth.
23. the
clouds start convection currents between them.
24. the
clouds are better conductors of heat than is the clear night air.
25. the
formation of the clouds releases latent heat energy.
ANSWER: a
True/False Exam Questions
1. In
meteorology, the term thermal
belt refers to the extreme heat sometimes found inside a car.
ANSWER: false
2. In
most areas the warmest time of the day close to the ground occurs in the
afternoon between 2 and 5 pm.
ANSWER: true
3. Assuming
that the night will remain clear, calm and unsaturated, the predicted minimum
temperature is 32oF. Suddenly the wind speed increases and remains gusty
throughout the night. The minimum temperature will most likely be higher
than predicted due to the release of latent heat.
ANSWER: false
4. A
clear, calm, dry winter night would be ideal conditions for a strong radiation
inversion.
ANSWER: true
5. Lines
on a weather map connecting points of equal temperature are called isotherms.
ANSWER: true
6. In
summer, humid regions typically have smaller daily temperature ranges and lower
maximum temperatures than drier regions.
ANSWER: true
7. Water
warms and cools much more slowly than land because it takes more heat to raise
the temperature of a given amount of water 1oC
than it does to raise the temperature of soil 1oC.
ANSWER: true
8. Hypothermia
is most common in cold, dry weather.
ANSWER: false
9. An
ideal shelter for housing a temperature-measurement instrument should be white
and in the shade.
ANSWER: true
10. At
any given time, one-fourth of the earth is illuminated by the sun.
ANSWER: false
Essay/Critical Thinking Exam Questions
1. If
you lived in the Arizona desert, would you want to own a black car? Why or why
not? What might be a better color?
2. An
air temperature of 70o F feels quite comfortable. If you were in 70o F
water, it would feel cold. Explain why.
3. Explain
why it is possible for the nighttime minimum to occur as much as 30 minutes
after the sun has risen.
4. What
is the hottest (coldest) place in the United States? In the world? What factors
cause these extreme conditions at these locations?
5. Explain
why it is possible to see frost on the ground or on the tops of parked
automobiles even though the measured nighttime minimum temperature remains
above 32o F.
6. How
is it possible for the ground to become warmer than the air just above during
the day and then turn colder than the air above during the night?
7. A
city which is located near a large body of water will generally have a milder
climate than a city located at the same latitude in the center of a large mass.
What factors account for this?
8. Would
a strong radiation inversion be more likely to form on a winter night or a
summer night? Explain your answer.
9. Why,
specifically, are heat waves hazardous to your health?
10. Why
don’t wind chill temperature charts include temperatures above 40 o F?
Chapter 4
Condensation in the Atmosphere
Multiple Choice Exam Questions
1. The
cooling of the ground to produce dew is mainly the result of:
2. conduction.
3. radiational
cooling.
4. cooling
due to the release of latent heat.
5. advection.
ANSWER: b
2. Suppose
it is a winter night and at about 11 pm the air cools to the dew-point
temperature and a thick radiation fog develops. If the air continues to cool
during the night, in 5 hours the dew point temperature will probably:
3. decrease
as the air becomes drier.
4. decrease
as the air becomes moister.
5. increase
as the air becomes drier.
6. increase
as the air becomes moister.
ANSWER: a
3. Frost
typically forms on the inside of a windowpane (rather than the outside)
because:
4. the
inside of the pane is colder than the outside.
5. there
is more water vapor touching the inside of the pane.
6. there
is less water vapor touching the inside of the pane.
ANSWER: b
4. When
radiation fog “burns off”, the fog tends to dissipate:
5. from
the bottom up.
6. from
the top down.
7. starting
at the middle, and working both upward and downward.
ANSWER: a
5. On a
cold, winter morning the most likely place for radiation fog to form is:
6. at
the top of a hill or mountain.
7. in a
valley.
8. along
the side of a hill.
9. over
a body of water.
ANSWER: b
6. Exhaled
breath from your mouth can condense when:
7. it is
very cold.
8. it is
very warm and humid.
9. the
addition of water vapor from your breath causes the air’s relative humidity to
exceed 100%.
10. all
of the above
ANSWER: d
7. At which
city might you be able to observe cirrus clouds at an altitude of 3,000 m
(10,000 feet) above the surface?
8. Barrow,
Alaska
9. Honolulu,
Hawaii
10. Miami,
Florida
11. Chicago,
Illinois
ANSWER: a
8. Which
cloud type is composed of ice crystals and can cause a halo to form around the
sun or moon?
9. altostratus
10. stratus
11. nimbostratus
12. cirrostratus
13. angelitus
ANSWER: d
9. Light
or moderate-but-steady precipitation is most often associated with __________
clouds.
10. nimbostratus
11. cirrostratus
12. cirrocumulus
13. cumulonimbus
ANSWER: a
10. When
viewed from the surface, the smallest individual cloud elements (puffs) are
observed with which cloud?
11. stratocumulus
12. cumulus
13. cirrocumulus
14. altocumulus
15. cumulonimbus
ANSWER: c
11. Cirrus
clouds are composed primarily of:
12. water
droplets.
13. water
vapor.
14. ice
particles.
15. salt
aerosols.
ANSWER: c
12. Suppose
the sky is completely covered with a thin, white layered-type cloud. You look
at the ground and see that objects cast a distinct shadow. From this you
conclude that the cloud type must be:
13. stratus.
14. nimbostratus.
15. cirrostratus.
16. stratocumulus.
ANSWER: c
13. An
anvil-shaped top is most often associated with:
14. cumulonimbus.
15. cumulus
congestus.
16. altocumulus.
17. cumulus
humilis.
ANSWER: a
14. Hail
is usually associated with what cloud?
15. stratus
16. cumulus
17. stratocumulus
18. altocumulus
19. cumulonimbus
ANSWER: e
15. Infrared
satellite images are computer-enhanced to:
16. increase
the contrast between specific features in the picture.
17. show
where thick clouds with cold tops are located.
18. show
where clouds with tops near the freezing level are located.
19. all
of the above
ANSWER: d
16. Satellite
images taken of clouds at night use:
17. reflected
visible light.
18. reflected
infrared light.
19. emitted
infrared light.
20. microwave
radiation.
ANSWER: c
17. Which
two clouds can produce precipitation?
18. cumulonimbus,
stratocumulus
19. nimbostratus,
altostratus
20. nimbostratus,
cirrus
21. cumulonimbus,
nimbostratus
ANSWER: d
18. The
clouds shown in Figure 4.14 are:
19. cumulus.
20. stratocumulus.
21. altocumulus.
22. cirrocumulus.
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