Exploring Psychology 10th Edition by David G. Myers -Test Bank

 

 

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Sample Test

TB1 Chapter 03- Essays

1.	Contrast the impact of behaviorism and cognitive neuroscience on psychologists’ approach to the study of consciousness. Also explain why you do or do not believe that advances in cognitive neuroscience indicate that consciousness actually exerts a causal influence on our behaviors.

 

 

2.	Describe what is meant by parallel processing and sequential processing and identify the different levels of consciousness associated with each of these two forms of information processing. Identify one advantage and one disadvantage of both parallel processing and sequential processing.

 

 

3.

Because he has difficulty falling asleep at night, Professor Hogan doesn’t go to bed until very late. Before he retires, he tries to wear himself out by running around the block several times. Then he treats himself to a beer and perhaps a pizza while preparing his lecture for the next day’s early morning classes. What specific advice would you give the professor to help him fall asleep?

 

 

4.

Franco studied all evening for a chemistry test scheduled for the following morning. That night he dreamed that he accurately copied a female classmate’s correct answers to the test questions as they unexpectedly flashed before his eyes. Compare and contrast explanations of Franco’s dream that might be provided by Freudian, memory consolidation, and neural activation theories. In what sense is the dream a reflection of Franco’s level of cognitive development?

 

 

5.	A classmate believes that alcohol, marijuana, and cocaine all have similar effects on behavior and that therefore all three drugs ought to be legalized. Carefully evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of your classmate’s position.

 

 

 

Answer Key

 

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TB1 Chapter 03- Multiple Choice

1.	The school of thought in psychology that turned away from the study of consciousness during the first half of the last century was
	A)	behaviorism.
	B)	psychoanalysis.
	C)	humanistic psychology.
	D)	evolutionary psychology.

 

 

2.	The possibility that our mental state might have a direct impact on our actions was most clearly dismissed by
	A)	evolutionary psychologists.
	B)	behaviorists.
	C)	cognitive neuroscientists.
	D)	behavior geneticists.

 

 

3.	Since 1960, psychology has regained an interest in consciousness as psychologists of all persuasions began affirming the importance of
	A)	evolutionary psychology.
	B)	change blindness.
	C)	neuroscience.
	D)	cognition.

 

 

4.	Consciousness is defined as
	A)	the ability to solve problems, reason, and remember.
	B)	the process of organizing and interpreting sensory information.
	C)	effortless processing of incidental information into memory.
	D)	our awareness of ourselves and our environment.

 

 

5.	Attention to her long-term educational goals enables Alicia to avoid thoughtlessly skipping difficult class assignments. This best illustrates the adaptive value of
	A)	change blindness.
	B)	consciousness.
	C)	the cocktail party effect.
	D)	the popout phenomenon.

 

 

6.	Cognitive neuroscience is most directly concerned with studying
	A)	selective attention and accidents.
	B)	evolution and natural selection.
	C)	selective attention and daydreams.
	D)	brain activity and thought processes.

 

 

7.	Which specialty area would be most interested in identifying the brain-activation patterns associated with a person’s conscious recognition of familiar faces or voices?
	A)	evolutionary psychology
	B)	cognitive neuroscience
	C)	behavior genetics
	D)	behaviorism

 

 

8.	Some neuroscientists believe that conscious experience arises from
	A)	parallel processing.
	B)	inattentional blindness.
	C)	the popout phenomenon.
	D)	synchronized activity across the brain.

 

 

9.	Focusing conscious awareness on a particular stimulus is called
	A)	blindsight.
	B)	parallel processing.
	C)	change blindness.
	D)	selective attention.

 

 

10.	Our inability to consciously process all the sensory information available to us at any single point in time best illustrates the existence of
	A)	blindsight.
	B)	selective attention.
	C)	change blindness.
	D)	the popout phenomenon.

 

 

11.	While engrossed in reading a novel, Raoul isn’t easily distracted by the sounds of the TV or even by his brothers’ loud arguments. This best illustrates
	A)	inattentional blindness.
	B)	sequential processing.
	C)	blindsight.
	D)	selective attention.

 

 

12.	The cocktail party effect provides an example of
	A)	change blindness.
	B)	dual processing.
	C)	selective attention.
	D)	blindsight.

 

 

13.	Corolina was not aware of what her mother was telling her while she was focused on a text message from a friend. Her experience best illustrates
	A)	dual processing.
	B)	the cocktail party effect.
	C)	the popout phenomenon.
	D)	blindsight.

 

 

14.	A bank teller was so distracted by the sight of a bank robber’s weapon that she failed to perceive important features of the criminal’s physical appearance. This best illustrates the impact of
	A)	parallel processing.
	B)	change blindness.
	C)	selective attention.
	D)	blindsight.

 

 

15.	The increased risk of car accidents for drivers talking on a cell phone
	A)	results primarily from the visual distraction of glancing at one’s cell phone.
	B)	is no greater than the risk for drivers chatting with other passengers.
	C)	is no greater than the risks for drivers listening to a car radio.
	D)	is equally great for those using handheld and those using hands-free phones.

 

 

16.	Crashes and near-crashes have been observed to ________ when teen drivers are reaching for a cell phone and to ________ when they are dialing a cell phone.
	A)	neither increase nor decrease; neither increase nor decrease
	B)	neither increase nor decrease; increase
	C)	increase; neither increase nor decrease
	D)	increase; increase

 

 

17.	While driving to work, John was so focused on his cell-phone conversation that he inadvertently drove through a red light and hit another vehicle. John’s experience best illustrates the impact of
	A)	blindsight.
	B)	the popout phenomenon.
	C)	the cocktail party effect.
	D)	selective attention.

 

 

18.	Failing to see visible objects when our attention is directed elsewhere is called
	A)	blindsight.
	B)	parallel processing.
	C)	the cocktail party effect.
	D)	inattentional blindness.

 

 

19.	When asked to watch a video and press a key each time a black-shirted player passed a basketball, most research participants remaining unaware of an umbrella-toting woman strolling across the video screen. This llustrated
	A)	the cocktail party effect.
	B)	inattentional bliness.
	C)	blindsight.
	D)	dual processing.

 

 

20.	While a man provided directions to a construction worker, two experimenters rudely interrupted by passing between them carrying a door. The man’s failure to notice that during this interruption the construction worker was replaced by another person wearing different-colored clothes illustrates
	A)	the popout phenomenon.
	B)	blindsight.
	C)	parallel processing.
	D)	change blindness.

 

 

21.	The popout phenomenon illustrates that some stimuli almost inevitable trigger
	A)	blindsight.
	B)	change blindness.
	C)	selective attention.
	D)	peripheral vision.

 

 

22.	When he saw a single red jelly bean surrounded by a dozen other while jelly beans, Jeremy’s attention was quickly drawn to the red-colored jelly bean. This best illustrates
	A)	dual processing.
	B)	the popout phenomenon.
	C)	change blindness.
	D)	the cocktail party effect.

 

 

23.	We know more than we know we know thanks to our capacity for
	A)	sequential processing.
	B)	consciousness.
	C)	change blindness.
	D)	dual processing.

 

 

24.	The simultaneous processing of information at both conscious and unconscious levels is called
	A)	the cocktail party effect.
	B)	the popout phenomenon.
	C)	dual processing.
	D)	selective attention.

 

 

25.	June’s correct solution to a novel arithmetic problem was simultaneously facilitated by unconscious inferences and the conscious application of mathematical principles. This best illustrates the value of
	A)	the popout phenomenon.
	B)	blindsight.
	C)	dual processing.
	D)	behaviorism.

 

 

26.	Although we may be unaware of our gender prejudices, they often influence the way we consciously perceive men and women. This best illustrates
	A)	blindsight.
	B)	dual processing.
	C)	the popout phenomenon.
	D)	the cocktail party effect.

 

 

27.	Although many experiences drivers cannot accurately explain how they do it, most know how to turn successfully from a left to a right lane of traffic. This best illustrates the value of
	A)	sequential processing.
	B)	blindsight.
	C)	change blindness.
	D)	unconscious processing.

 

 

28.	A condition in which a person can respond to a visual stimulus without consciously experiencing it is known as
	A)	the cocktail party effect.
	B)	change blindness.
	C)	the popout phenomenon.
	D)	blindsight.

 

 

29.	Although unable to report the width of a block in front of her, a woman identified as D. F. could grasp the block with just the right finder-thumb distance. Her experience best illustrates
	A)	blindsight.
	B)	the cocktail party effect.
	C)	selective attention.
	D)	the popout phenomenon.

 

 

30.	A visual perception track enables most people to recognize objects at nearly the same time that a visual action track enables them to avoid bumping into objects. This best illustrates
	A)	sequential processing.
	B)	change blindness.
	C)	dual processing.
	D)	blindsight.

 

 

31.	The processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously is called
	A)	the cocktail party effect.
	B)	the popout phenomenon.
	C)	parallel processing.
	D)	blindsight.

 

 

32.	A capacity to monitor simultaneously the color, shape, and motion of a flying kite best illustrates
	A)	the popout phenomenon.
	B)	parallel processing.
	C)	the cocktail party effect.
	D)	change blindness.

 

 

33.	Adding two large numbers together by consciously focusing on and solving each subcomponent of the task in serial order best illustrates
	A)	the popout phenomenon.
	B)	the two-track mind.
	C)	sequential processing.
	D)	change blindness.

 

 

34.	Consciousness is to unconsciousness as ________ is to ________.
	A)	selective attention; the cocktail party effect
	B)	sequential processing; parallel processing
	C)	behaviorism; cognitive neuroscience
	D)	change blindness; inattentional blindness

 

 

35.	Compared with unconscious information processing, conscious information processing is relatively
	A)	fast and especially effective for solving new problems.
	B)	slow and especially effective for solving new problems.
	C)	fast and especially effective for solving routine problems.
	D)	slow and especially effective for solving routine problems.

 

 

36.	Even if musically inclined, you will find it difficult to tap a steady three times with your left hand while tapping four times with your right hand because both tasks require
	A)	dual processing.
	B)	blindsight.
	C)	change blindness.
	D)	conscious attention.

 

 

37.	Compared with parallel processing, sequential processing tends to be ________ conscious and better for solving _______ problems.
	A)	less; novel
	B)	more; familiar
	C)	less; familiar
	D)	more; novel

 

 

38.	A periodic, natural loss of consciousness that involves distinct stages is known as
	A)	the circadian rhythm.
	B)	narcolepsy.
	C)	an hallucination.
	D)	sleep

 

 

39.	Research on sleep and dreaming confirms that
	A)	sleepwalkers are acting out their dreams.
	B)	while some people dream every night, others seldom dream.
	C)	the brain’s auditory cortex responds to sound stimuli even during sleep.
	D)	older adults sleep more than young adults.

 

 

40.	When working an occasional night shift, people often feel groggiest in the middle of the night but experience new energy around the time they normally would wake up. This best illustrates the impact of
	A)	sleep apnea.
	B)	memory consolidation.
	C)	the circadian rhythm.
	D)	REM rebound.

 

 

41.	Circadian rhythm refers to
	A)	the pattern of emotional ups and downs we routinely experience.
	B)	a pattern of biological functioning that occurs on a roughly 24-hour cycle.
	C)	the experience of sleep apnea following a lengthy transoceanic plane flight.
	D)	the cycle of four distinct stages that we experience during a normal night’s sleep.

 

 

42.	With the approach of night, our body temperature begins to drop. This best illustrates the dynamics of the
	A)	hypnagogic state.
	B)	circadian rhythm.
	C)	alpha wave pattern.
	D)	REM rebound.

 

 

43.	Alexis most enjoys talking and socializing with friends late in the evening. Her mother, however, is most energized for social interactions about an hour after breakfast. This difference between Alexis and her mother is best explained by the fact that age and experience tend to alter our
	A)	REM rebound.
	B)	NREM-2 sleep.
	C)	hypnagogic sensations.
	D)	circadian rhythm.

 

 

44.	Most college students are “owls,” with performance ________ across the day. Most older adults are “larks,” with performance _______ as the day progresses.
	A)	improving; declining
	B)	declining; improving
	C)	declining; staying the same
	D)	staying the same; declining

 

 

45.	Compared with evening-loving “night owls,” those who are morning types tend to perform ________ in school and tend to be ________ vulnerable to depression.
	A)	worse; more
	B)	better; less
	C)	worse; less
	D)	better; more

 

 

46.	Fast and jerky movements of the eyes are especially likely to be associate with
	A)	sleep spindles.
	B)	narcolepsy.
	C)	REM sleep.
	D)	sleep apnea.

 

 

47.	The relatively slow brain waves of a relaxed, awake state are called
	A)	beta waves.
	B)	sleep spindles.
	C)	alpha waves.
	D)	delta waves.

 

 

48.	Jordanna has decided to go to bed early. Although her eyes are closed and she’s very relaxed, she has not yet fallen asleep. An EEG is most likely to indicate the presence of
	A)	delta waves.
	B)	alpha waves.
	C)	sleep spindles.
	D)	rapid eye movements.

 

 

49.	Sensory experiences that occur without an external sensory stimulus are called
	A)	night terrors.
	B)	REMs.
	C)	sleep spindles.
	D)	hallucinations.

 

 

50.	Fantastic images resembling hallucinations occur with the onset of
	A)	narcolepsy.
	B)	delta waves.
	C)	sleep spindles.
	D)	NREM-1 sleep.

 

 

51.	Hypnagogic sensations are most closely associated with ________ sleep.
	A)	NREM-1
	B)	NREM-2
	C)	NREM-3
	D)	REM

 

 

52.	A minute of two after falling asleep, Luke felt like he was being tossed up and down as if on a boat in rough seas. His experience best illustrates
	A)	the circadian rhythm.
	B)	hypnagogic sensations.
	C)	sleep spindles.
	D)	narcolepsy.

 

 

53.	The rhythmic bursts of brain activity that occur during NREM-2 sleep are called
	A)	alpha waves.
	B)	circadian rhythms.
	C)	sleep spindles.
	D)	delta waves.

 

 

54.	An hour after going to bed, Mike was so soundly asleep his parents were unable to awaken him for a scheduled dose of medicine. At this point in Mike’s sleep, an EEG would have most likely detected.
	A)	alpha waves.
	B)	beta waves.
	C)	delta waves.
	D)	REM rebound.

 

 

55.	Delta waves are most clearly associated with ________ sleep.
	A)	NREM-1
	B)	NREM-2
	C)	NREM-3
	D)	REM

 

 

56.	Bed-wetting is most likely to occur at the end of ________ sleep.
	A)	NREM-1
	B)	NREM-2
	C)	NREM-3
	D)	REM

 

 

57.	At 3 o’clock in the morning, John has already slept for four hours. As long as his sleep continues, we can expect an increasing occurrence of
	A)	hypnagogic sensations.
	B)	muscle tensions.
	C)	REM sleep.
	D)	NREM-3 sleep.

 

 

58.	During the course of a full night’s sleep, young adults are most likely to spend more time in
	A)	NREM-3 sleep than in NREM-2 sleep.
	B)	REM sleep than in NREM-1 sleep.
	C)	NREM-1 sleep than in NREM-3 sleep.
	D)	REM sleep than in NREM-2 sleep.

 

 

59.	Compared with young adults, older adults are especially likely to
	A)	spend less time in deep sleep.
	B)	spend less time in NREM-1 sleep.
	C)	spend more time in paradoxical sleep.
	D)	complete the sleep cycle more slowly.

 

 

60.	The brain waves associated with REM sleep are most similar to those of
	A)	NREM-1 sleep.
	B)	NREM-2 sleep.
	C)	NREM-3 sleep.
	D)	an awake but relaxed state.

 

 

61.	Three hours after she goes to sleep, Shoshanna’s heart rate increases, her breathing becomes more rapid, and her eyes move rapidly under her closed lids. Research suggests that Shoshanna is
	A)	dreaming.
	B)	emitting delta waves.
	C)	about to sleepwalk.
	D)	experiencing a night terror.

 

 

62.	Genital arousal is most likely to be associated with
	A)	sleep apnea.
	B)	REM sleep.
	C)	NREM-3 sleep.
	D)	sleep spindles.

 

 

63.	During REM sleep, your skeletal muscles are relaxed because messages from the motor cortex are blocked by the
	A)	brainstem.
	B)	hypothalamus.
	C)	suprachiasmatic nucleus.
	D)	amygdala.

 

 

64.	REM sleep is called paradoxical sleep because
	A)	our heart rate is slow and steady, while our breathing is highly irregular.
	B)	we are deeply asleep but can be awakened easily.
	C)	our nervous system is highly active, while our voluntary muscles hardly move.
	D)	it leads to highly imaginative dreams that are perceived as colorless images.

 

 

65.	After sleeping for about an hour and a half, Jose enters a phase of paradoxical sleep. He is likely to
	A)	be easily awakened.
	B)	have slower, more regular breathing.
	C)	emit slower brain waves.
	D)	have very relaxed muscles.

 

 

66.	Forty-year-old Lance insists that he never dreams. Research suggests that he probably
	A)	would report a vivid dream if he were awakened during REM sleep.
	B)	dreams during NREM-1 rather than during REM sleep.
	C)	experiences more NREM-2 sleep than most people.
	D)	cycles through the distinct sleep stages much more rapidly than most people.

 

 

67.	For younger adults, the human sleep cycle repeats itself about every
	A)	30 minutes.
	B)	90 minutes.
	C)	2-1/2 hours.
	D)	4 hours.

 

 

68.	Research indicates that Canadian, American, British, German, and Japanese adults tend to sleep ________ on workdays than on other days. They also tend to go to bed ________ than did their counterparts a century ago.
	A)	more; earlier
	B)	more; later
	C)	less; earlier
	D)	less; later

 

 

69.	In response to light, the SCN causes the pineal gland to adjust the production of
	A)	free radicals.
	B)	benzene.
	C)	melatonin.
	D)	dopamine.

 

 

70.	The circadian rhythm is influenced by light-sensitive retinal proteins that trigger signals to the
	A)	suprachiasmatic nucleus.
	B)	hippocampus.
	C)	amygdala.
	D)	brainstem.

 

 

71.	Exposure to bright light causes the
	A)	thyroid gland to increase the production of melatonin.
	B)	thyroid gland to decrease the production of melatonin.
	C)	pineal gland to increase the production of melatonin.
	D)	pineal gland to decrease the production of melatonin.

 

 

72.	Most animals placed under unnatural illumination have more difficulty sleeping thanks to decreased production of
	A)	leptin.
	B)	cortisol.
	C)	melatonin.
	D)	free radicals.

 

 

73.	After flying from London to New York, Arthur experiences a restless, sleepless night. His problem was most likely caused by a disruption of his
	A)	narcolepsy.
	B)	circadian rhythm.
	C)	hypnagogic sensations.
	D)	sleep apnea.

 

 

74.	Which of the following animals tend to sleep the least?
	A)	giraffes
	B)	dolphins
	C)	cats
	D)	bats

 

 

75.	Bats need a lot of sleep because their high waking metabolism produces ________ that are toxic to neurons.
	A)	growth hormones
	B)	high melatonin levels
	C)	free radicals
	D)	alpha waves

 

 

76.	Sleep reactivates recent experiences stored in the ________ and shifts them for permanent storage in the cortex.
	A)	thalamus
	B)	suprachiasmatic nucleus
	C)	amygdala
	D)	hippocampus

 

 

77.	Susan is a political cartoonist whose work requires her to think imaginatively and present ideas in visually novel ways. Her work is most likely to be facilitated by
	A)	hypnagogic sensations.
	B)	sleep spindles.
	C)	full nights of sleep.
	D)	sleep apnea.

 

 

78.	Production of the human growth hormone necessary for muscle development is most strongly associated with
	A)	sleep spindles.
	B)	deep sleep.
	C)	hypnagogic sensations.
	D)	REM rebound.

 

 

79.	In experiments, participants averaged 12 or more hours of sleep a day for the first few days of unrestricted sleep. They then settled back to 7.5 to 9 hours of sleep a day. The unusually lengthy sleep time of the first few days suggests that participants began these experiments with
	A)	sleep apnea.
	B)	narcolepsy.
	C)	low melatonin levels.
	D)	a sleep debt.

 

 

80.	People who regularly sleep less than normal experience a(n) ________ risk of depression and a(n) ________ risk of gaining weight.
	A)	decreased; decreased
	B)	increased; increased
	C)	decreased; increased
	D)	increased; decreased

 

 

81.	Sleep deprivation increases levels of the hunger-arousing hormone ________ and decreases levels of the hunger-suppressing hormone ________.
	A)	melatonin; cortisol
	B)	serotonin; orexin
	C)	ghrelin; leptin
	D)	epinephrine; norepinephrine

 

 

82.	Sleep deprivation has been shown to
	A)	increase attentiveness to highly motivating tasks.
	B)	reduce REM rebound.
	C)	diminish immunity to disease.
	D)	decrease narcolepsy.

 

 

83.	Sleep deprivation ________ the production of body fat by ________ levels of the stress hormone cortisol.
	A)	stimulates; increasing
	B)	inhibits; increasing
	C)	stimulates; decreasing
	D)	inhibits; decreasing

 

 

84.	Sleep deprivation has been found to ________ metabolic rate and ________ limbic brain responses to the mere sight of food.
	A)	increase; enhance
	B)	decrease; diminish
	C)	increase; diminish
	D)	decrease; enhance

 

 

85.	Julie consistently fails to get as much sleep as she needs. This is most likely to place her at an increased risk of
	A)	narcolepsy.
	B)	night terrors.
	C)	sleep apnea.
	D)	gaining weight.

 

 

86.	Traffic accident rates have been found to ________ after the spring change to daylight savings time and to ________ after the fall change back to standard time.
	A)	increase; increase
	B)	decrease; decrease
	C)	increase; decrease
	D)	decrease; increase

 

 

87.	Shelley has not had enough sleep in the past week. She is at increased risk of having a driving accident because her lack of sleep diminishes her
	A)	cortisol levels.
	B)	REM rebound.
	C)	attentional focus.
	D)	hypnagogic sensations.

 

 

88.	A recurring difficulty in falling or stay asleep is called
	A)	narcolepsy.
	B)	insomnia.
	C)	sleep apnea.
	D)	paradoxical sleep.

 

 

89.	REM sleep is
	A)	reduced by alcohol and reduced by sleeping pills.
	B)	increased by alcohol and reduced by sleeping pills.
	C)	reduced by alcohol and increased by sleeping pills.
	D)	increased by alcohol and increased by sleeping pills.

 

 

90.	A need to take larger and larger doses of sleeping pills to avoid insomnia is an indication of
	A)	narcolepsy
	B)	tolerance
	C)	sleep apnea.
	D)	REM rebound.

 

 

91.	Which of the following is a bad advice for a person trying to overcome insomnia?
	A)	Drinking a glass of milk 15 minutes before bedtime.
	B)	Avoid taking short naps during the day.
	C)	Drink a glass of wine 15 minutes before bedtime.
	D)	Don’t engage in strenuous physical exercise just before bedtime.

 

 

92.	Which of the following is the best advice for a person concerned about occasional insomnia?
	A)	Relax and drink a glass of milk before bedtime.
	B)	Eat a big dinner late in the evening so you’ll feel drowsy at bedtime.
	C)	Relax with a drink of your favorite alcoholic beverage just before bedtime.
	D)	Engage in some form of vigorous physical exercise shortly before bedtime.

 

 

93.	Narcolepsy is a disorder in which a person
	A)	temporarily stops breathing during sleep.
	B)	has sudden uncontrollable seizures.
	C)	experiences uncontrollable attacks of overwhelming sleepiness.
	D)	has difficulty falling and staying asleep.

 

 

94.	In severe cases of narcolepsy, people experience a loss of muscular tension as they lapse directly into a brief period of ________ sleep.
	A)	NREM-1
	B)	NREM-2
	C)	NREM-3
	D)	REM

 

 

95.	During a heated argument with his teenage daughter, Mr. Reid suddenly lapses into a state of REM sleep. Mr. Reid apparently suffers from
	A)	narcolepsy.
	B)	insomnia.
	C)	sleep apnea.
	D)	REM rebound.

 

 

96.	In which of the following disorders does the person repeatedly stop breathing while asleep?
	A)	narcolepsy
	B)	sleep apnea
	C)	night terrors
	D)	insomnia

 

 

97.	Sleep apnea patients who repeatedly awaken with a gasp and then immediately fall back to sleep typically
	A)	fail to recall these episodes the next day.
	B)	experience greater-than-average amounts of slow-wave sleep.
	C)	have dreams that they are suffocating or drowning.
	D)	require prescription drugs to recover from this condition.

 

 

98.	Mr. Oates always sleeps restlessly, snorting and gasping throughout the night. It is most likely that Mr. Oates suffers from
	A)	sleep apnea.
	B)	narcolepsy.
	C)	night terrors.
	D)	insomnia.

 

 

99.	Particularly among men, sleep apnea is linked with
	A)	night terrors.
	B)	sleepwalking.
	C)	narcolepsy.
	D)	obesity.

 

 

100.	An air pump that keeps the sleeper’s airway open and breathing regular is often prescribed for serious cases of
	A)	narcolepsy.
	B)	insomnia.
	C)	sleep apnea.
	D)	night terrors.

 

 

101.	It has been found that night terrors
	A)	are usually recalled vividly for days following their occurrence.
	B)	are typically accompanied by a state of temporary muscular immobility or paralysis.
	C)	jolt the sleeper to a sudden state of full waking alertness.
	D)	typically occur during NREM-3 sleep.

 

 

102.	Nightmares are to ________ as night terrors are to ________.
	A)	REM sleep; NREM-3 sleep
	B)	delta waves; alpha waves
	C)	NREM-3 sleep; NREM-1 sleep
	D)	NREM-1 sleep; REM sleep

 

 

103.	Compared with adults, children are
	A)	more likely to experience night terrors and less likely to experience sleepwalking.
	B)	less likely to experience night terrors and more likely to experience sleepwalking.
	C)	less likely to experience night terrors and less likely to experience sleepwalking.
	D)	more likely to experience night terrors and more likely to experience sleepwalking.

 

 

104.	At 1:00 A.M., Luis gets out of bed and begins to sleepwalk. An EEG of his brain activity is most likely to indicate the presence of
	A)	alpha waves.
	B)	sleep spindles.
	C)	REM sleep.
	D)	delta waves.

 

 

105.	Research studies of the content of dreams indicate that
	A)	men are less likely than women to report dreams with sexual overtones.
	B)	the genital arousal that occurs during sleep is typically related to sexual dreams.
	C)	most dreams are marked by at least one negative event or emotion.
	D)	most dreams are pleasant, exotic, and unrelated to ordinary daily life.

 

 

106.	After suffering a trauma, people commonly report nightmares. One of the benefits of these nightmares is that they help
	A)	prevent paradoxical sleep.
	B)	reduce sleep apnea.
	C)	increase REM rebound.
	D)	extinguish daytime fears.

 

 

107.	Our capacity to monitor external stimuli well enough to stroll around our house while sleeping best illustrates that we function with a
	A)	circadian rhythm.
	B)	two-track mind.
	C)	REM rebound.
	D)	sleep debt.

 

 

108.	While sound asleep people cannot
	A)	talk and dream at the same time.
	B)	incorporate environmental changes into the content of their dreams.
	C)	learn recorded messages to which they are repeatedly exposed.
	D)	do any of these things.

 

 

109.	According to Freud, the dreams of adults can be traced back to
	A)	erotic wishes.
	B)	stressful life events.
	C)	biological needs for brain stimulation.
	D)	random bursts of neural activity.