Exploring Earth Science 2nd Edition By Stephen Reynolds – Test Bank

 

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Sample Test

TEST BANK QUESTIONS – This test bank is for Exploring Geology 4th edition. In addition to this Word file, the questions can be accessed via MH’s Connect system, and MH can provide them for various classroom-management systems (e.g., Blackboard).

At the end of this document are instructions for copying and pasting these questions to create a new test, as well as a description the self-numbering character of the questions and answers using Styles in Microsoft Word. Short descriptors that follow each question are summarized here:

• Answer: Correct answer to question.
• Section: The number of the relevant two-page spread in Exploring Geology, 4th edition.
• Difficulty Level: Cognitive skills required to answer the question, selected from six categories in a version of Bloom’s Taxonomy. The six categories are Remember, Understand, Apply, Analyze, Evaluate, or Create.
• Topic: The chapter or the part of a chapter (e.g., energy resources versus mineral resources) to which the question applies.

 

Section 3.0 – Plate Tectonics

 

1.   Which of the following features is present on the seafloor off the Pacific Northwest?

2.   a) world’s largest oceanic plateau

3.   b) long, fairly straight fracture zone

4.   c) world’s largest linear island chain

5.   d) island arc within oceanic plates

Answer: b

Section: 3.0

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand

Topic: Plate Tectonics

 

2.   On this map of the south Atlantic, what is the feature that makes a zigzag pattern on the seafloor?

3.   a) island arc

4.   b) linear island chain

5.   c) subduction zone

6.   d) mid-ocean ridge

7.   e) none of these

Answer: d

Section: 3.0

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand

Topic: Plate Tectonics

 

3.   Why does the Tibetan Plateau, shown in this figure, have a high elevation?

4.   a) transform faulting

5.   b) seafloor spreading

6.   c) continental rifting

7.   d) continental collision

8.   e) hot-spot activity

Answer: d

Section: 3.0

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand

Topic: Plate Tectonics

 

4.   On this map of the south Atlantic, why is the mid-ocean ridge in the center of the ocean?

5.   a) Subduction is consuming seafloor beneath both adjacent continents.

6.   b) Seafloor is added to both sides during seafloor spreading.

7.   c) Subduction has occurred under one and then another of the adjacent continents.

8.   d) Seafloor spreading has stopped in this area.

Answer: b

Section: 3.0

Difficulty Level: Apply/Analyze

Topic: Plate Tectonics

 

5.   On this southern continent, which side has a plate boundary?

 

1.   a) the left (west) side

2.   b) the right (east) side

3.   c) both sides

4.   d) neither side

Answer: a

Section: 3.0

Difficulty Level: Apply/Analyze

Topic: Plate Tectonics

 

6.   In this figure of Japan, what do the offshore trenches indicate?

7.   a) continental rifting

8.   b) a rift in a mid-ocean ridge formed by seafloor spreading

9.   c) a rift in a mid-ocean ridge formed by transform faulting

10.                d) subduction of oceanic crust

Answer: d

Section: 3.0

Difficulty Level: Apply/Analyze

Topic: Plate Tectonics

 

7.   How did the Red Sea, shown between Arabia and Africa in this figure, form?

8.   a) subduction of Arabia beneath Africa

9.   b) subduction of Africa beneath Arabia

10.                c) a continental collision

11.                d) continental rifting followed by seafloor spreading

12.                e) transform faulting followed by a continental collision

Answer: d

Section: 3.0

Difficulty Level: Apply/Analyze

Topic: Plate Tectonics

 

8.   Which of the following features is associated with a deep oceanic trench?

9.   a) mid-ocean ridge

10.                b) linear island chain

11.                c) seamount

12.                d) island arc

Answer: d

Section: 3.0

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand

Topic: Plate Tectonics

 

9.   The study of the origin and arrangement of the broad structural features of Earth’s surface is:

10.                a) tectonics

11.                b) geology

12.                c) structuralism

Answer: a

Section: 3.0

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand

Topic: Plate Tectonics

 

10.                Tectonics is the study of:

11.                a) the origin and arrangement of the broad structural features of Earth’s surface

12.                b) the type and timing of volcanic eruptions around the Earth

13.                c) the materials and processes that occur at the Earth’s surface

Answer: a

Section: 3.0

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand

Topic: Plate Tectonics

 

11.                Broad symmetrical ridges that cross ocean basins are called:

12.                a) mid-ocean ridges

13.                b) abyssal plains

14.                c) seamounts

15.                d) island chains

Answer: a

Section: 3.0

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand

Topic: Plate Tectonics

 

12.                Cracks and steps that cross the seafloor and run at right angles to mid-ocean ridges are called:

13.                a) oceanic fracture zones

14.                b) abyssal plains

15.                c) seamounts

Answer: a

Section: 3.0

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand

Topic: Plate Tectonics

 

Section 3.1 – Major Features of Earth

 

13.                On this map, identify which letter is over a mid-ocean ridge.

 

1.   a) A

2.   b) B

3.   c) C

4.   d) D

5.   e) feature is not labeled

Answer: b

Section: 3.1

Difficulty Level: Apply/Analyze

Topic: Plate Tectonics

 

14.                On this map, identify which letter is over the Atlantic ocean.

 

1.   a) A

2.   b) B

3.   c) C

4.   d) D

5.   e) feature is not labeled

Answer: b

Section: 3.1

Difficulty Level: Apply/Analyze

Topic: Plate Tectonics

 

15.                On this map, identify which letter is over the Pacific Ocean.

 

1.   a) A

2.   b) B

3.   c) C

4.   d) D

5.   e) feature is not labeled

Answer: a

Section: 3.1

Difficulty Level: Apply/Analyze

Topic: Plate Tectonics

 

16.                On this map, identify which letter is over an island arc.

 

1.   a) A

2.   b) B

3.   c) C

4.   d) D

5.   e) feature is not labeled

Answer: e

Section: 3.1

Difficulty Level: Apply/Analyze

Topic: Plate Tectonics

 

17.                The regions of the ocean characterized by smooth ocean floor are called:

18.                a) abyssal plains

19.                b) seamounts

20.                c) ocean bottoms

Answer: a

Section: 3.1

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand

Topic: Plate Tectonics

 

18.                Some continents continue outward from the shoreline under shallow seawater, forming submerged benches called:

19.                a) continental shelves

20.                b) sea mounts

21.                c) island arcs

22.                d) island chains

23.                e) abyssal plains

Answer: a

Section: 3.1

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand

Topic: Plate Tectonics

 

19.                Curving island chains across the seafloor that are mainly volcanic in origin are called:

20.                a) island acrs

21.                b) sea mounts

22.                c) continental shelves

23.                d) abyssal plains

Answer: a

Section: 3.1

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand

Topic: Plate Tectonics

 

Section 3.2 – Continental Drift

 

20.                The main reason why the hypothesis of continental drift was not widely accepted was:

21.                a) The hypothesis required that the entire Earth was once frozen.

22.                b) The hypothesis required long, narrow land bridges that did not exist.

23.                c) There was no mechanism to move continents through the oceanic crust.

24.                d) All of these were reasons the hypothesis was not widely accepted.

Answer: c

Section: 3.2

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand

Topic: Investigating Geologic Questions

 

21.                What ideas brought a renewed interest to the idea of continental drift?

22.                a) data that a submarine mountain occurred beneath the middle of the Atlantic Ocean

23.                b) evidence that the entire Earth was once frozen

24.                c) evidence that similar meteorites fall on different continents

25.                d) evidence that a large meteorite caused extinction of the dinosaurs

Answer: a

Section: 3.2

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand

Topic: Investigating Geologic Questions

 

22.                Which data were used to develop the hypothesis of continental drift?

23.                a) the shape of the continents

24.                b) the distribution of fossils

25.                c) the distribution of glacial deposits and directions of glacial scratch marks

26.                d) all of these

Answer: d

Section: 3.2

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand

Topic: Investigating Geologic Questions

 

23.                The puzzle-like fit of the continents, similarity of rock types across continents, and glacial evidence all were pieces of evidence supporting Wegener’s hypothesis of continental drift. What was another piece of supporting evidence?

24.                a) distribution of similar fossils across multiple continents

25.                b) land bridges were discovered connecting Africa and South America

26.                c) continents were found to have plowed through ocean basins to move into current positions

27.                d) gravitational pull of the Moon was found to be responsible for connecting Pangaea

Answer:a

Section: 3.2

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand

Topic: Investigating Geologic Questions

 

24.                Harry Hess and Robert Dietz proposed that the oceanic crust in the Atlantic Ocean was spreading apart at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge and that this process moved the continents apart from one another. They called this process:

25.                a) seafloor spreading

26.                b) continental drift

27.                c) plate tectonics

28.                d) Gondwana

Answer: a

Section: 3.2

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand

Topic: Investigating Geologic Questions

 

25.                The image shows the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, a submarine volcanic mountain belt that is a key location in the process of:

26.                a) seafloor spreading

27.                b) land bridges

28.                c) continental drift

29.                d) South Atlantic drift

Answer: a

Section: 3.2

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand

Topic: Investigating Geologic Questions

 

Section 3.3 – Earthquakes and Volcanoes

 

26.                Which area(s) on this world map is likely to have volcanoes above sea level?

27.                a) A

28.                b) B

29.                c) Cd) D

Answer: a

Section: 3.3

Difficulty Level: Apply/Analyze

Topic: Plate Tectonics

 

27.                Which area(s) on this world map are likely to be near a plate boundary?

28.                a) A and B

29.                b) A and D

30.                c) B and D

31.                d) C and D

32.                e) A, B, and C only

Answer: e

Section: 3.3

Difficulty Level: Apply/Analyze

Topic: Plate Tectonics

 

28.                Which of the following statements is true?

29.                a) Earthquakes are more widespread than volcanoes or high mountains.

30.                b) High mountains are more widespread than volcanoes or earthquakes.

31.                c) Volcanoes are more widespread than earthquakes or high mountains.

Answer: a

Section: 3.3

Difficulty Level: Evaluate/Create

Topic: Plate Tectonics

 

29.                Which area(s) on this world map is likely to have earthquakes?

30.                a) A

31.                b) B

32.                c) C

33.                d) D

34.                e) A, B, and C only

Answer: e

Section: 3.3

Difficulty Level: Apply/Analyze

Topic: Plate Tectonics

 

30.                Volcanoes and earthquakes:

31.                a) have many areas of overlap in their distributions on Earth

32.                b) have few areas of overlap in their distributions on Earth

33.                c) have no areas of overlap in their distributions on Earth

Answer: a

Section: 3.3

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand

Topic: Plate Tectonics

 

Section 3.4 – Tectonic Activity in Belts

 

31.                This figure depicts what type of boundary?

32.                a) oceanic divergent boundary

33.                b) ocean-ocean convergent boundary

34.                c) ocean-continent convergent boundary

35.                d) transform boundary

36.                e) continental collision

Answer: c

Section: 3.4

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand

Topic: Plate Tectonics

 

32.                A divergent plate boundary is most likely associated with a(n):

33.                a) oceanic trench

34.                b) mountain belt or island arc

35.                c) mid-ocean ridge

36.                d) none of these

Answer: c

Section: 3.4

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand

Topic: Plate Tectonics

 

33.                An oceanic transform plate boundary is most likely associated with a(n):

34.                a) oceanic trench

35.                b) mountain belt or island arc

36.                c) mid-ocean ridge

37.                d) all of these

Answer: c

Section: 3.4

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand

Topic: Plate Tectonics

 

34.                A convergent plate boundary is most likely associated with a(n):

35.                a) oceanic trench

36.                b) a linear chain of island

37.                c) mid-ocean ridge

38.                d) transform fault

39.                e) none of these

Answer: a

Section: 3.4

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand

Topic: Plate Tectonics

 

35.                What types of plate boundaries are shown in this figure?

36.                a) divergent

37.                b) convergent

38.                c) transform

39.                d) divergent and transform

40.                e) convergent and divergent

Answer: d

Section: 3.4

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand

Topic: Nature of Geology

 

36.                What type of plate boundary is depicted by the smaller arrows in the center of this figure?

37.                a) divergent boundary

38.                b) convergent boundary

39.                c) transform boundary

40.                d) hot spot

41.                e) none of these

Answer: c

Section: 3.4

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand

Topic: Plate Tectonics

 

37.                Intense geologic activity occurs at plate:

38.                a) boundaries

39.                b) centers

40.                c) bottoms

Answer: a

Section: 3.4

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand

Topic: Plate Tectonics

 

38.                Using the diagram of figures, select the names of the plate boundaries that match the figures going left to right.

39.                a) divergent/convergent/transform

40.                b) convergent/divergent/transform

41.                c) divergent/transform/convergent

42.                d) convergent/transform/divergent

43.                e) transform/divergent/convergent

44.                f) transform/convergent/divergent

Answer: a

Section: 3.4

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand

Topic: Plate Tectonics

 

39.                At mid-ocean ridges, as two plates diverge:

40.                a) solid mantle in the asthenosphere rises toward the surface and begins to melt due to decompression

41.                b) solid mantle in the asthenosphere rises toward the surface and begins to melt due to the addition of heat

42.                c) liquid mantle in the asthenosphere rises toward the surface

Answer: a

Section: 3.4

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand

Topic: Plate Tectonics

 

40.                As two oceanic plates diverge at mid-ocean ridges, melting of the rising mantle occurs due to:

41.                a) decompression

42.                b) the addition of heat

43.                c) the addition of water

Answer: a

Section: 3.4

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand

Topic: Plate Tectonics

 

Section 3.5 – Divergent Boundaries

 

41.                What type of plate boundary is depicted in this figure?

42.                a) continental rift

43.                b) ocean-ocean convergent boundary

44.                c) ocean-continent convergent boundary

45.                d) divergent and transform boundaries

46.                e) continental collision

Answer: a

Section: 3.5

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand

Topic: Plate Tectonics

 

42.                What type of plate boundary is depicted in this figure?

43.                a) oceanic divergent boundary

44.                b) ocean-ocean convergent boundary

45.                c) ocean-continent convergent boundary

46.                d) continental collision boundary

47.                e) transform boundary

Answer: a

Section: 3.5

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand

Topic: Plate Tectonics

 

43.                Which way are the plates moving in this figure?

44.                a) away from each other

45.                b) directly toward each other

46.                c) toward each other at an angle

47.                d) horizontally sliding by one another

48.                e) there is no way to tell

Answer: a

Section: 3.5

Difficulty Level: Apply/Analyze

Topic: Plate Tectonics

 

44.                What is being depicted by this figure?

45.                a) continental collision

46.                b) continent-continent convergence

47.                c) early stages of seafloor spreading

48.                d) early stages of subduction

49.                e) a boundary that is mostly a transform fault

Answer: c

Section: 3.5

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand

Topic: Plate Tectonics

 

45.                Mid-ocean ridges form where two ocean plates:

46.                a) collide

47.                b) diverge

48.                c) subduct

49.                d) slide past each other

50.                e) are destroyed

Answer: b

Section: 3.5

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand

Topic: Plate Tectonics

 

46.                What occurs at mid-ocean ridges?

47.                a) oceanic crust is destroyed

48.                b) continental crust is destroyed

49.                c) oceanic crust is created

50.                d) continental crust is created

51.                e) all crust is destroyed by magma

Answer: c

Section: 3.5

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand

Topic: Plate Tectonics

 

47.                Mid-ocean ridges are higher than surrounding oceanic crust primarily because:

48.                a) two plates are colliding

49.                b) the crust is thicker

50.                c) the crust is stronger

51.                d) transform faulting uplifts the rocks

52.                e) the lithosphere is thinner and hotter

Answer: e

Section: 3.5

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand

Topic: Plate Tectonics

 

48.                The main way new oceanic crust is created is by:

49.                a) eruption of lavas and solidification of magmas at depth

50.                b) sediment scraped off a subducting slab

51.                c) continents that subside below sea level

52.                d) continental rifting, before the continents separate

53.                e) magmas along an ocean-continent convergent boundary

Answer: a

Section: 3.5

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand

Topic: Plate Tectonics

 

49.                The stages associated with continental rifting are, in order from earliest to latest:

50.                a) narrow ocean basin, continental rift, uplift, wide ocean basin

51.                b) narrow ocean basin, wide ocean basin, continental rift, uplift

52.                c) uplift, wide ocean basin, narrow ocean basin, continental rift

53.                d) wide ocean basin, narrow ocean basin, uplift, continental rift

54.                e) uplift, continental rift, narrow ocean basin, wide ocean basin

Answer: e

Section: 3.5

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand

Topic: Plate Tectonics

 

50.                Which of the following best represents the sequence by which a continent splits apart?

51.                a) seafloor spreading, then continental rifting, then uplift due to mantle upwelling

52.                b) continental rifting, then seafloor spreading, then uplift due to mantle upwelling

53.                c) uplift due to mantle upwelling, then continental rifting, then seafloor spreading

54.                d) none of these

Answer: c

Section: 3.5

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand

Topic: Plate Tectonics

 

51.                Which of the following contains a modern continental rift?

52.                a) eastern North America

53.                b) eastern Africa

54.                c) eastern Europe

55.                d) eastern Pacific Ocean

56.                e) East Timor

Answer: b

Section: 3.5

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand

Topic: Plate Tectonics

 

52.                Which of the following is associated with a mid-ocean ridge?

53.                a) an island arc

54.                b) magma produced as the mantles rise up

55.                c) melting of the subducting plate

56.                d) lower topography than surrounding seafloor

57.                e) continental rift

Answer: b

Section: 3.5

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand

Topic: Plate Tectonics

 

53.                Which of the following is NOT happening in the area shown by this figure?

54.                a) plates are moving apart

55.                b) eruptions onto the seafloor

56.                c) release of water by a descending plate

57.                d) melting of rising mantle

58.                e) faulting

Answer: c

Section: 3.5

Difficulty Level: Apply/Analyze

Topic: Plate Tectonics

 

54.                Mid-ocean ridges are elevated above the seafloor. The elevation of the seafloor:

55.                a) decreases away from the mid-ocean ridge because of the cooling and contraction of the rocks

56.                b) increases away from the mid-ocean ridge because of the expansion of the rocks

57.                c) decreases away from the mid-ocean ridge because of the expansion of the rocks

58.                d) increases away from the mid-ocean ridge because of the cooling and contraction of the rocks

Answer: a

Section: 3.5

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand

Topic: Plate Tectonics

 

55.                Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a mid-ocean divergent boundary?

56.                a) As the plates move apart, solid lithosphere move upward into the asthenosphere.

57.                b) Submarine lava flows form new ocean crust.

58.                c) Mid-ocean ridges are elevated above the surrounding seafloor.

59.                d) A rift runs along the axis of mid-ocean ridges because of movement as the plates diverge from each other.

Answer: a

Section: 3.5

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand

Topic: Plate Tectonics

 

56.                Which of the following does NOT describe continental rifting?

57.                a) if rifting continues the continent will remain intact

58.                b) occurs on a continent

59.                c) includes a broad uplift of the land surface as magma ascends

Answer: a

Section: 3.5

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand

Topic: Plate Tectonics

 

57.                A divergent boundary can form within a continent. If it does it is called a:

58.                a) continental rift

59.                b) plate tectonics

60.                c) mid-continent ridge

61.                d) continental edge

62.                e) continental shelf

Answer: a

Section: 3.5

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand

Topic: Plate Tectonics

 

58.                An accretionary prism of sediments and oceanic crust is formed:

59.                a) an oceanic trench created by the subduction of one oceanic plate beneath another plate

60.                b) in the asthenosphere as the subduction of one oceanic plate enters the asthenosphere

61.                c) on top of the oceanic plate that is not being subducted

Answer: a

Section: 3.5

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand

Topic: Plate Tectonics

 

Section 3.6 – Convergent Boundaries

 

59.                Which feature on this figure is formed by bending of the subducted plate?

60.                a) A

61.                b) B

62.                c) C

63.                d) De) E

Answer: b

Section: 3.6

Difficulty Level: Apply/Analyze

Topic: Plate Tectonics

 

60.                Which feature on this figure is formed by bending of the subducted plate?

61.                a) A

62.                b) B

63.                c) C

64.                d) De) E

Answer: b

Section: 3.6

Difficulty Level: Apply/Analyze

Topic: Plate Tectonics

 

61.                The plate boundary on the this figure is located between:

62.                a) A and B

63.                b) B and C

64.                c) C and D

65.                d) D and E

66.                e) there is not enough information to tell

Answer: b

Section: 3.6

Difficulty Level: Apply/Analyze

Topic: Plate Tectonics

 

62.                On the accompanying figure the plate boundary is located between:

63.                a) A and B

64.                b) B and C

65.                c) C and D

66.                d) D and E

67.                e) there is not enough information to tell

Answer: b

Section: 3.6

Difficulty Level: Apply/Analyze

Topic: Plate Tectonics

 

63.                A continent has an oceanic trench offshore of its coast. Which of the following is probably NOT present along this side of the continent?

64.                a) a mountain belt

65.                b) earthquakes

66.                c) volcanoes

67.                d) melting along a mid-ocean ridge

68.                e) subduction of an oceanic plate

Answer: d

Section: 3.6

Difficulty Level:Apply/Analyze

Topic: Plate Tectonics

 

64.                Which feature on this figure is formed by melting of mantle above the slab?

65.                a) A

66.                b) B

67.                c) C

68.                d) De) E

Answer: d

Section: 3.6

Difficulty Level: Apply/Analyze

Topic: Plate Tectonics

 

65.                Which feature on this figure is formed by melting of mantle above the slab?

66.                a) A

67.                b) B

68.                c) C

69.                d) De) E

Answer: d

Section: 3.6

Difficulty Level: Apply/Analyze

Topic: Plate Tectonics

 

66.                On this figure of a continental collision, which continent would have had subduction-related magmatism before the collision?

67.                a) the continent on the left

68.                b) the continent on the right

69.                c) both continents

70.                d) neither continent

Answer: b

Section: 3.6

Difficulty Level: Apply/Analyze

Topic: Plate Tectonics

 

67.                How is magma created in a subduction zone?

68.                a) Friction between the two plates causes the lithosphere to melt.

69.                b) Subduction brings one plate to a depth hot enough for minerals in the plate to melt.

70.                c) Subduction brings one plate to a depth hot enough for minerals to release water; this water causes melting in the overlying asthenosphere.

Answer: c

Section: 3.6

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand

Topic: Plate Tectonics

 

68.                When two oceanic plates converge, some magma erupts under the ocean, forming volcanoes that may rise above the sea. These volcanoes can form a curved:

69.                a) island arc

70.                b) line of calderas

71.                c) sequence of magma chambers

72.                d) reef

Answer: a

Section: 3.6

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand

Topic: Plate Tectonics

 

69.                Convergence of two ocean plates forms an ocean-ocean:

70.                a) convergent boundary

71.                b) divergent boundary

72.                c) transform boundary

Answer: a

Section: 3.6

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand

Topic: Plate Tectonics

 

70.                The process of one plate sliding beneath another plate is called:

71.                a) subduction

72.                b) conduction

73.                c) transformation

74.                d) convergence

75.                e) divergence

Answer: a

Section: 3.6

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand

Topic: Plate Tectonics

 

71.                The Pacific Ring of Fire is formed by:

72.                a) a string of volcanoes

73.                b) earthquakes

74.                c) island arcs

75.                d) a string of seamounts

Answer: a

Section: 3.6

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand

Topic: Plate Tectonics

 

72.                The convergence of two continental masses is known as a(n):

73.                a) continental collision

74.                b) subduction

75.                c) conduction

76.                d) divergent collision

Answer: a

Section: 3.6

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand

Topic: Plate Tectonics

 

73.                Enormous mountain belts and high plateaus can be formed when two continental plates collide and:

74.                a) neither is subducted

75.                b) both diverge from one another

76.                c) both are subducted beneath each other

Answer: a

Section: 3.6

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand

Topic: Plate Tectonics

 

74.                The Tibetan and Himalaya Plateaus are the result of:

75.                a) two continental plates colliding and forming mountain ranges

76.                b) two continental plates diverging from each other

77.                c) two continental plates being subducted beneath each other

Answer: a

Section: 3.6

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand

Topic: Plate Tectonics

 

75.                The majority of transform boundaries are found:

76.                a) in the middle of continents

77.                b) along continental margins

78.                c) in conjunction with mid-ocean ridges

79.                d) within island arcs

Answer: c

Section: 3.6

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand

Topic: Plate Tectonics

 

Section 3.7 – Transform Boundaries

 

76.                On this map of the South Atlantic, which letter is on a transform fault?

77.                a) A

78.                b) B

79.                c) C

80.                d) De) E

Answer: b

Section: 3.7

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand

Topic: Plate Tectonics

 

77.                On this map of the South Atlantic, which letter is on an oceanic fracture zone?

78.                a) A

79.                b) B

80.                c) C

81.                d) De) E

Answer: d

Section: 3.7

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand

Topic: Plate Tectonics

 

78.                On the accompanying figure, what type of feature is located in the area of number 3?

79.                a) transform fault

80.                b) mid-ocean ridge

81.                c) linear island chain

82.                d) fracture zone

Answer: b

Section: 3.7

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand

Topic: Plate Tectonics

 

79.                On the accompanying figure, what type of feature is located in the area of number 4?

80.                a) transform fault

81.                b) mid-ocean ridge

82.                c) linear island chain

83.                d) fracture zone

Answer: d

Section: 3.7

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand

Topic: Plate Tectonics

 

80.                On this map of the South Atlantic, which letter is on a site of seafloor spreading?

81.                a) A

82.                b) B

83.                c) C

84.                d) De) E

Answer: c

Section: 3.7

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand

Topic: Plate Tectonics

 

81.                On the accompanying figure, what type of feature is located in the area of number 2?

82.                a) transform fault

83.                b) mid-ocean ridge

84.                c) linear island chain

85.                d) fracture zone

Answer: a

Section: 3.7

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand

Topic: Plate Tectonics

 

82.                A triple junction is:

83.                a) a place where three plate boundaries meet

84.                b) a place along a mid-ocean ridge with three volcanoes

85.                c) a place within a divergent fault that has subducted beneath two other mid-ocean ridges

Answer: a

Section: 3.7

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand

Topic: Plate Tectonics

 

Section 3.8 – Plates Move and Interact

 

83.                This figure shows plate boundaries south of Alaska. Which location is on a transform boundary?

84.                a) 1

85.                b) 2

86.                c) 3

87.                d) 4

88.                e) 2 and 3

Answer: d

Section: 3.8

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand

Topic: Nature of Geology

 

84.                This figure shows plate boundaries south of Alaska. Which location is likely to contain volcanoes above a subduction zone?

85.                a) 1

86.                b) 2

87.                c) 3

88.                d) 4

89.                e) 2 and 3

Answer: a

Section: 3.8

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand

Topic: Nature of Geology

 

85.                This figure shows plate boundaries south of Alaska. Which location is along a convergent boundary?

86.                a) 1

87.                b) 2

88.                c) 3

89.                d) 4

90.                e) 2 and 3

Answer: e

Section: 3.8

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand

Topic: Nature of Geology

 

86.                A force that is important in driving plate tectonics is:

87.                a) slab pull

88.                b) ridge push

89.                c) upwelling mantle, such as in hot spots

90.                d) all of these

Answer: d

Section: 3.8

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand

Topic: Plate Tectonics

 

87.                How fast do plates move relative to one another?

88.                a) centimeters per year

89.                b) meters per year

90.                c) kilometers per year

91.                d) one hundred kilometers per year

Answer: a

Section: 3.8

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand

Topic: Plate Tectonics

 

88.                When a plate boundary changes its orientation, it can change from:

89.                a) a spreading center to a transform fault

90.                b) a transform fault to a spreading center

91.                c) a transform fault to a subduction zone

92.                d) all of these

93.                e) none of these

Answer: d

Section: 3.8

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand

Topic: Plate Tectonics

 

89.                Select the statement that best describes how the process of plate tectonics circulates materials between the asthenosphere and the lithosphere.

90.                a) Some asthenosphere becomes lithosphere at mid-ocean spreading centers and reenters the asthenosphere at subduction zones.

91.                b) Some lithosphere becomes asthenosphere at mid-ocean spreading centers and reenters the lithosphere at subduction zones.

92.                c) The materials that form the asthenosphere never mix with the materials that form the lithosphere.

Answer: a

Section: 3.8

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand

Topic: Plate Tectonics

 

90.                Which of the following best explains the relationship between driving and resisting forces with respect to plate tectonics?

91.                a) The driving forces must exceed the resisting forces.

92.                b) The resisting forces must exceed the driving forces.

93.                c) The resisting and driving forces must be equal.

Answer: a

Section: 3.8

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand

Topic: Plate Tectonics

 

91.                Which of the following are characteristics of slab pull?

92.                a) Subducting oceanic lithosphere is denser than asthenosphere.

93.                b) Gravity is a major force in slab pull.

94.                c) Subducting plates move faster than non-subducting plates.

Answer: a

Section: 3.8

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand

Topic: Plate Tectonics

 

92.                Slab pull refers to:

93.                a) subducting lithosphere

94.                b) subducting mantle

95.                c) divergent boundaries of lithospheric plates

96.                d) transform boundaries of lithospheric plates

Answer:a

Section: 3.8

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand

Topic: Plate Tectonics

 

93.                Mantle convection involves the asthenosphere moving upward due to its lower:

94.                a) density

95.                b) temperature

96.                c) mineral content

Answer: a

Section: 3.8

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand

Topic: Plate Tectonics

 

94.                The yearly rate of tectonic plate movement is best measured in:

95.                a) centimeters

96.                b) meters

97.                c) kilometers

Answer: a

Section: 3.8

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand

Topic: Plate Tectonics

 

95.                Ridge push involves

96.                a) gravity causing the plate to slide away from the topographically high ridge, pushing the plate outward

97.                b) gravity causing the plate to slide toward the topographically high ridge, pulling the plate inward

98.                c) gravity causing the plate to slide sideways to the topographically high ridge, pushing the plate into the rift between the two plates

Answer: a

Section: 3.8

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand

Topic: Plate Tectonics

 

96.                Which of the following is referring to a ridge push?

97.                a) a plate sliding away from the topographically high ridge and pushing the plate outward

98.                b) a plate subducting into the asthenosphere and the ridge pushing the asthenosphhere higher under the lithosphere

99.                c) a plate being pushed into the asthenosphere from the lithospheric weight above it

Answer: a

Section: 3.8

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand

Topic: Plate Tectonics

 

97.                The boundary between two plates may not have the same characteristics in different geographic locations because of:

98.                a) curves and abrupt bends that appear in boundaries between plates

99.                b) one plate’s depth relative to the adjacent plate’s depth

100.             c) plate boundary positions with respect to the surrounding oceans

Answer: a

Section: 3.8

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand

Topic: Plate Tectonics

 

Section 3.9 – Paleomagnetism

 

98.                What causes magnetic stripes on the seafloor, such as those shown here?

99.                a) Volcanic rocks in oceanic crust are covered by a variable thickness of sediment.

100.             b) Some oceanic crust consists of volcanic rocks and some is composed of sediment.

101.             c) Sometimes Earth’s magnetic field points north and sometimes it points south.

102.             d) Some volcanic rocks are formed in normal ways and others have pillows.

Answer: c

Section: 3.9

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand

Topic: Seafloor and Continental Margins

 

99.                This diagram shows magnetic stripes on either side of the mid-ocean ridge. How many times did the magnetic field change polarity to form all of the stripes shown here?

100.             a) twice

101.             b) three times

102.             c) five times

103.             d) eleven times

Answer: c

Section: 3.9

Difficulty Level: Apply/Analyze

Topic: Seafloor and Continental Margins

 

100.             This diagram shows magnetic stripes on either side of the mid-ocean ridge. How many different ages of stripes are represented in this diagram?

101.             a) 2

102.             b) 3

103.             c) 4

104.             d) 6e) 11

Answer: d

Section: 3.9

Difficulty Level: Apply/Analyze

Topic: Seafloor and Continental Margins

 

101.             The Earth’s magnetic field is generated by:

102.             a) salty water moving through the deep parts of the crust

103.             b) convection currents in the asthenosphere

104.             c) movement of iron and electrical currents within Earth’s outer core

105.             d) aligned magnetic minerals within Earth’s inner core

Answer: c

Section: 3.9

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand

Topic: Seafloor and Continental Margins

 

102.             If the area shown in this figure is 240 kilometers wide, and the oldest crest is 4 million years old, what was the approximate rate of seafloor spreading across this ridge?

103.             a) 24 kilometers per million years

104.             b) 4 kilometers per million years

105.             c) 60 kilometers per million years

106.             d) 240 kilometers per million years

107.             e) 960 kilometers per million years

Answer: c

Section: 3.9

Difficulty Level: Apply/Analyze

Topic: Seafloor and Continental Margins

 

103.             What is associated with reversed magnetic polarity?

104.             a) a compass needle would point south

105.             b) the magnetic signal of seafloor formed with this polarity would be stronger compared to adjacent areas of the seafloor

106.             c) there are much fewer intervals of reversed polarity than normal polarity

107.             d) all of these

Answer: a

Section: 3.9

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand

Topic: Seafloor and Continental Margins

 

104.             What are some uses of magnetic reversals?

105.             a) matching the patterns of reversals in a rock sequence to the magnetic timescale

106.             b) studying magnetic stripes on the seafloor

107.             c) calculating rates of seafloor spreading

108.             d) all of these

Answer: d

Section: 3.9

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand

Topic: Seafloor and Continental Margins

 

105.             How many times did the Earth’s magnetic field switch from north to south in the last 10 million years?

106.             a) many – more than 20 times

107.             b) seldom – less than 5 times

108.             c) never

Answer: a

Section: 3.9

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand

Topic: Seafloor and Continental Margins

 

106.             The layer of Earth that behaves as a dynamo (electrical generator), producing the magnetic field is the:

107.             a) outer core

108.             b) crust

109.             c) inner crust

110.             d) mantle

Answer: a

Section: 3.9

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand

Topic: Seafloor and Continental Margins

 

107.             Magnetic patterns develop on the seafloor as basaltic lava erupts and cools, and:

108.             a) iron-rich minerals align with Earth’s magnetic field

109.             b) iron-rich minerals align parallel to the oceanic rift

110.             c) silicic minerals align with Earth’s magnetic field

Answer: a

Section: 3.9

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand

Topic: Seafloor and Continental Margins

 

108.             If a magnetic stripe is 120 km wide and formed over 4 m.y., what would the rate of seafloor spreading be?

109.             a) 30 km/m.y.

110.             b) 116 km/m.y.

111.             c) .03 km/m.y.

Answer: a

Section: 3.9

Difficulty Level: Apply/Analyze

Topic: Seafloor and Continental Margins

 

Section 3.10 – Plate-Tectonic Features

 

109.             On the accompanying figure, which letter is over the oldest oceanic crust?

110.             a) A

111.             b) B

112.             c) C

113.             d) De) E

Answer: a

Section: 3.10

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand

Topic: Plate Tectonics

 

110.             On the accompanying figure, which letter is over the youngest oceanic crust?

111.             a) A

112.             b) B

113.             c) C

114.             d) De) E

Answer: c

Section: 3.10

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand

Topic: Plate Tectonics

 

111.             On the accompanying figure, which letter is likely over oceanic crust that is similar in age to that beneath letter E?

112.             a) A and B

113.             b) B

114.             c) Cd) D

Answer: b

Section: 3.10

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand

Topic: Plate Tectonics

 

112.             On the accompanying figure, which letter is over the oldest oceanic crust?

113.             a) A

114.             b) B

115.             c) C

116.             d) De) E

Answer: a

Section: 3.10

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand

Topic: Plate Tectonics

 

113.             On the accompanying figure, which letter is over the youngest oceanic crust?

114.             a) A

115.             b) B

116.             c) C

117.             d) De) E

Answer: d

Section: 3.10

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand

Topic: Plate Tectonics

 

114.             This figure shows a northwest-southeast line of islands and seamounts near Hawaii. If location 3 has the oldest rocks and Hawaii (1) has the youngest rocks, which way is the plate moving with respect to the hot spot?

115.             a) northwest

116.             b) southeast

117.             c) northwest and southeast

118.             d) it is not moving in a consistent direction

Answer: a

Section: 10.4

Difficulty Level: Apply/Analyze

Topic: Seafloor and Continental Margins

 

115.             Island chains and seamounts cross parts of the ocean floor. These oceanic islands and associated seamounts are:

116.             a) different in character and origin from curved island arcs

117.             b) the same in character but different in origin from curved island arcs

118.             c) different in character but the same in origin from curved island arcs

Answer: a

Section: 3.8

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand

Topic: Plate Tectonics

 

Section 3.11 – South America

 

116.             Where is subduction occurring on this map of South America?

117.             a) A

118.             b) B

119.             c) C

120.             d) De) E

Answer: b

Section: 3.11

Difficulty Level: Apply/Analyze

Topic: Plate Tectonics

 

117.             Where is subduction occurring on this figure of South America?

118.             a) A

119.             b) B

120.             c) C

121.             d) De) E

Answer: b

Section: 3.11

Difficulty Level: Apply/Analyze

Topic: Plate Tectonics

 

118.             On this map of South America, which features are NOT on a plate boundary?

119.             a) A and B

120.             b) B and C

121.             c) C and D

122.             d) D and E

123.             e) all of the features are on a plate boundary

Answer: c

Section: 3.11

Difficulty Level: Apply/Analyze

Topic: Plate Tectonics

 

119.             On this map of South America, which features are NOT on a plate boundary?

120.             a) A and B

121.             b) B and C

122.             c) C and D

123.             d) D and E

124.             e) all of the features are on a plate boundary

Answer: c

Section: 3.11

Difficulty Level: Apply/Analyze

Topic: Plate Tectonics

 

120.             What is the underlying geologic explanation for why western South America is so different from eastern South America?

121.             a) The western side is a plate boundary and the eastern side is not.

122.             b) The eastern side is a plate boundary and the western side is not.

123.             c) The western side marks a plate divergence and the eastern side marks a plate convergence.

Answer: a

Section: 3.10

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand

Topic: Plate Tectonics

 

Section 3.12 – Investigation

 

121.             Which location on this figure from the Investigation is located on a divergent plate boundary?

122.             a) 1

123.             b) 2

124.             c) 3

125.             d) 4e) 5

Answer: c

Section: 3.12

Difficulty Level: Apply/Analyze

Topic: Nature of Geology

 

122.             Which location on this figure from the Investigation is located on a convergent plate boundary?

123.             a) 1

124.             b) 2

125.             c) 3

126.             d) 4e) 5

Answer: b

Section: 3.12

Difficulty Level: Apply/Analyze

Topic: Nature of Geology

 

123.             Which location on this figure from the Investigation is located on the abyssal plain?

124.             a) 1

125.             b) 2

126.             c) 3

127.             d) 4e) 5

Answer: d

Section: 3.12

Difficulty Level: Apply/Analyze

Topic: Nature of Geology

 

124.             Which location on this figure from the Investigation is located on a passive continental margin?

125.             a) 1

126.             b) 2

127.             c) 3

128.             d) 4e) 5

Answer: e

Section: 3.12

Difficulty Level: Apply/Analyze

Topic: Nature of Geology

 

125.             Which location on this figure from the Investigation is most likely to have volcanoes formed above a subduction zone?

126.             a) 1

127.             b) 2

128.             c) 3

129.             d) 4e) 5

Answer: a

Section: 3.12

Difficulty Level: Apply/Analyze

Topic: Nature of Geology

 

126.             On the accompanying map, earthquakes are least likely at locations:

127.             a) 1, 2, and 3

128.             b) 1 and 4

129.             c) 1 and 5

130.             d) 2, 3, and 4

131.             e) 4 and 5

Answer: e

Section: 3.12

Difficulty Level: Apply/Analyze

Topic: Plate Tectonics

 

127.             On the accompanying map, large destructive earthquakes that affect land are most likely at locations:

128.             a) 1 and 2

129.             b) 2 and 3

130.             c) 4 and 5

131.             d) 1 and 4

132.             e) 1 and 5

Answer: a

Section: 3.12

Difficulty Level: Apply/Analyze

Topic: Plate Tectonics

 

128.             On the accompanying map, volcanic eruptions are most likely at locations:

129.             a) 1 and 2

130.             b) 2 and 3

131.             c) 3 and 4

132.             d) 1 and 3

133.             e) 2 and 5

Answer: d

Section: 3.12

Difficulty Level: Apply/Analyze

Topic: Plate Tectonics

 

129.             The feature at location 3 is probably:

130.             a) a divergent boundary

131.             b) a convergent boundary

132.             c) a subduction zone

133.             d) where two plates are colliding

134.             e) not a plate boundary

Answer: a

Section: 3.12

Difficulty Level: Apply/Analyze

Topic: Plate Tectonics